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Who's watching your food? A flexible framework for public health monitoring / Stacy Supak in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 89 - 104 Titre : Who's watching your food? A flexible framework for public health monitoring Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Stacy Supak, Auteur ; Huan Luo, Auteur ; Laura Tateosian, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 89 - 104 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] Caroline du Nord (Etats-Unis) [Termes IGN] centrale nucléaire [Termes IGN] GeoServer [Termes IGN] logiciel libre [Termes IGN] PostGIS [Termes IGN] PostgreSQL [Termes IGN] santé [Termes IGN] web mapping [Termes IGN] WebSIG Résumé : (Auteur) By responding to potentially life-threatening emergencies such as foodborne illnesses and water contamination, U.S. public health agencies play a vital role in promoting human health and protecting the environment. Local, state, and federal partners must collaborate to strategically plan initiatives, allocate resources, and evaluate emergency response activities. These collaborative decision-making processes can be improved by using web-based mapping applications for visualization and analysis. We developed a web-based GIS framework which is applied to public health data for North Carolina's (NC) Department of Health and Human Services. The application visualizes all state-regulated food service facilities and supports query and analysis tools crucial for food recalls or radiation contamination tracking. Built with PostgreSQL/PostGIS, GeoServer, and a customized GeoExplorer map viewer, the framework delivers a web-based mapping tool that is flexible and Open Source. The flexibility of the framework is an important dimension of its scalability, allowing it to be customizable, modular, and portable so that it is easily configurable to support additional research and education initiatives. This approach reverses a trend toward application-specific web mapping development in Open Source GIS. To demonstrate flexibility, we configured an additional website for forest landowner management to be used by another state agency, the NC Forest Service. Numéro de notice : A2012-154 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01309.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01309.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31601 [article]

The WISERD geoportal: A tool for the discovery, analysis and visualization of socio-economic (Meta-) data for Wales / R. Fry in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 105 - 124 Titre : The WISERD geoportal: A tool for the discovery, analysis and visualization of socio-economic (Meta-) data for Wales Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : R. Fry, Auteur ; R. Berry, Auteur ; G. Higgs, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 105 - 124 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] données socio-économiques [Termes IGN] géoportail [Termes IGN] GeoServer [Termes IGN] logiciel libre [Termes IGN] métadonnées [Termes IGN] OpenLayers [Termes IGN] Pays de Galles [Termes IGN] PostGIS [Termes IGN] PostgreSQL Résumé : (Auteur) The Wales Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD) is an interdisciplinary, cross-institutional academic research group based in Wales, UK. One of the key objectives of WISERD is to develop a spatial framework that enhances a researcher's ability to discover socio-economic research data relating to Wales with the aim of encouraging collaborative research and re-use of existing data. This article describes the development of an online geoportal designed to meet this objective. Using free and open-source software (FOSS) components and services, a range of software tools has been developed to capture standards-compliant metadata for a variety of data sources. The geoportal is unique in that, in our review of over 120 geoportals worldwide, we have not previously encountered a geoportal dedicated to supporting quantitative and qualitative social science academic and policy research. A particularly innovative aspect of the geoportal has involved the building of a rich meta-database of government surveys, geo-referenced semantically-tagged qualitative data (generated from primary research), ‘grey’ data (e.g. from transcripts, journal publications, books, PhD theses) and Government administrative data. This article describes the challenges faced during the development of the WISERD Geoportal which can be accessed via http://www.wiserd.ac.uk/geoportal/. Numéro de notice : A2012-155 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01308.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01308.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31602 [article]

Web geoservices and ancient cadastral maps: The web C.A.R.T.E. project / M. Brovelli in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 125 - 142 Titre : Web geoservices and ancient cadastral maps: The web C.A.R.T.E. project Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Brovelli, Auteur ; Marco Minghini, Auteur ; G. Giori, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 125 - 142 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] carte ancienne [Termes IGN] données maillées [Termes IGN] géoréférencement indirect [Termes IGN] Italie [Termes IGN] logiciel libre [Termes IGN] métadonnées [Termes IGN] numérisation de carte [Termes IGN] service web géographique [Termes IGN] WebSIG Résumé : (Auteur) In the State Archive of Como, Northern Italy, about 15,000 historical maps belonging to different national cadastral productions are preserved. The Web C.A.R.T.E. project was started to enhance the accessibility of this valuable cartographic heritage using FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) technologies. The system, which implements specific web geoservices for cataloguing and visualization, should assist the State Archive of Como in the digital management of its cartographic resources and related information. After the high-resolution digitization step, maps undergo a georeferencing operation. A special statistical procedure for choosing the best mathematical model was developed, verifying also strengths and weaknesses of georeferencing with a common free and Open Source GIS. Next, metadata consistent with current Italian standards were added to the georeferenced maps using an ad hoc localized version of GeoNetwork Opensource (recently provided as the official Italian version of the software). A dedicated WebGIS system was built for publishing the georeferenced cadastral maps. This system is capable of navigating large raster data in a georeferenced framework and easily retrieving their metadata. The WebGIS system for the State Archive of Como is an important contribution for the preservation of the original historical paper maps and also a great modernization and simplification of the end user's access to this archive. Numéro de notice : A2012-156 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01311.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01311.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31603 [article]

Advancing global marine biogeography research with open-source GIS software and cloud computing / E. Fujioka in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 143 - 160 Titre : Advancing global marine biogeography research with open-source GIS software and cloud computing Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : E. Fujioka, Auteur ; E. Vanden Berghe, Auteur ; B. Donnelly, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 143 - 160 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] biogéographie [Termes IGN] biologie [Termes IGN] géoportail [Termes IGN] GeoServer [Termes IGN] informatique en nuage [Termes IGN] mer [Termes IGN] océan [Termes IGN] OpenLayers [Termes IGN] PostGIS [Termes IGN] PostgreSQL Résumé : (Auteur) Across many scientific domains, the ability to aggregate disparate datasets enables more meaningful global analyses. Within marine biology, the Census of Marine Life served as the catalyst for such a global data aggregation effort. Under the Census framework, the Ocean Biogeographic Information System was established to coordinate an unprecedented aggregation of global marine biogeography data. The OBIS data system now contains 31.3 million observations, freely accessible through a geospatial portal. The challenges of storing, querying, disseminating, and mapping a global data collection of this complexity and magnitude are significant. In the face of declining performance and expanding feature requests, a redevelopment of the OBIS data system was undertaken. Following an Open Source philosophy, the OBIS technology stack was rebuilt using PostgreSQL, PostGIS, GeoServer and OpenLayers. This approach has markedly improved the performance and online user experience while maintaining a standards-compliant and interoperable framework. Due to the distributed nature of the project and increasing needs for storage, scalability and deployment flexibility, the entire hardware and software stack was built on a Cloud Computing environment. The flexibility of the platform, combined with the power of the application stack, enabled rapid re-development of the OBIS infrastructure, and ensured complete standards-compliance. Numéro de notice : A2012-157 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01310.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01310.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31604 [article]

Using GRASS GIS to model solar irradiation on North Carolina aquatic habitats with canopy data / D. Newcomb in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 161 - 176 Titre : Using GRASS GIS to model solar irradiation on North Carolina aquatic habitats with canopy data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : D. Newcomb, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 161 - 176 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] Caroline du Nord (Etats-Unis) [Termes IGN] conchyliculture [Termes IGN] cours d'eau [Termes IGN] GRASS [Termes IGN] habitat animal [Termes IGN] milieu aquatique (eau douce) [Termes IGN] rayonnement solaire Résumé : (Auteur) Sunlight can have a significant impact on freshwater aquatic communities. Using 64- bit GRASS, a previously generated 18.2 m resolution forest canopy height grid for the State of North Carolina was used as a base elevation layer for calculation of 18.2 m resolution total irradiance (Watt-hours/square meter/day) grids for 365 days of the year. Daily calculations were aggregated annually and overlaid on rasterized 1:24,000-scale USGS hydrology with canopy type and seasonal filters to quantify annual solar irradiation input to streams and rivers in North Carolina. Bare earth calculations of solar irradiation for the aquatic habitats were compared to the canopy filtered calculations. There was substantially less solar irradiation in aquatic habitats under the canopy filtered model. Total solar irradiation for subbasins created from point locations of occurrences of Dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) were compared with total solar irradiation for watersheds created from locations with no mussels for the full subbasin, 1 km, and 500 m upstream from the sampling point. There was no significant difference in the amount of total solar irradiation modeled for the subbasins with Dwarf wedgemussel and watersheds with no mussels. Numéro de notice : A2012-158 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01313.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01313.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31605 [article]

Supporting accessibility for blind and vision-impaired people with a localized gazetteer and open source geotechnology / M. Rice in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 177 - 190 Titre : Supporting accessibility for blind and vision-impaired people with a localized gazetteer and open source geotechnology Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Rice, Auteur ; A. Aburizaiza, Auteur ; R. Daniel Jacobson, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 177 - 190 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] accessibilité [Termes IGN] données localisées des bénévoles [Termes IGN] intégration de données [Termes IGN] logiciel libre [Termes IGN] navigation pédestre [Termes IGN] personne malvoyante [Termes IGN] PostGIS [Termes IGN] PostgreSQL [Termes IGN] répertoire toponymique Résumé : (Auteur) Disabled people, especially the blind and vision-impaired, are challenged by many transitory hazards in urban environments such as construction barricades, temporary fencing across walkways, and obstacles along curbs. These hazards present a problem for navigation, because they typically appear in an unplanned manner and are seldom included in databases used for accessibility mapping. Tactile maps are a traditional tool used by blind and vision-impaired people for navigation through urban environments, but such maps are not automatically updated with transitory hazards. As an alternative approach to static content on tactile maps, we use volunteered geographic information (VGI) and an Open Source system to provide updates of local infrastructure. These VGI updates, contributed via voice, text message, and e-mail, use geographic descriptions containing place names to describe changes to the local environment. After they have been contributed and stored in a database, we georeference VGI updates with a detailed gazetteer of local place names including buildings, administrative offices, landmarks, roadways, and dormitories. We publish maps and alerts showing transitory hazards, including location-based alerts delivered to mobile devices. Our system is built with several technologies including PHP, JavaScript, AJAX, Google Maps API, PostgreSQL, an Open Source database, and PostGIS, the PostgreSQL's spatial extension. This article provides insight into the integration of user-contributed geospatial information into a comprehensive system for use by the blind and vision-impaired, focusing on currently developed methods for geoparsing and georeferencing using a gazetteer. Numéro de notice : A2012-159 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/SOCIETE NUMERIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01318.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01318.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31606 [article]

Modeling of landslide-generated tsunamis with GRASS / M. Cannata in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 191 - 214 Titre : Modeling of landslide-generated tsunamis with GRASS Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Cannata, Auteur ; R. Marzocchi, Auteur ; Monia Elisa Molinari, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 191 - 214 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] effondrement de terrain [Termes IGN] GRASS [Termes IGN] Italie [Termes IGN] lac [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] simulation [Termes IGN] tsunami Résumé : (Auteur) The following research aims to enhance and spread the capacity of assessing risk due to landslide-generated tsunamis by fostering the use of a GIS (Geographic Information System), and in this particular instance, an Open Source GIS (where “Open Source” can be loosely defined as freely available source code). For this purpose, we tested a procedure to be spatially implemented in the Open Source GRASS GIS through developing a module named r.impact.tsunami that simulates landslide-generated tsunami. In this article we present its application in a case study performed on Como Lake (Lago di Como) in northern Italy. The review of the results identified sources of uncertainties while the model sensitivity outlined the influence of the parameters governing the model. Moreover, in order to verify the model validity, we implemented a new module (r.swe), that simulates the tsunami propagation and run-up with the shallow water equations, and compared the results. Notwithstanding non-negligible differences, the two models produced results of the same magnitude; this confirmed the validity of both models, although a rigorous validation of the models could not be performed due to the lack of observed data. Numéro de notice : A2012-160 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01315.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01315.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31607 [article]

GIS-based calibration of MassMov2D / Monia Elisa Molinari in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 215 - 231 Titre : GIS-based calibration of MassMov2D Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Monia Elisa Molinari, Auteur ; M. Cannata, Auteur ; S. Begueria, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 215 - 231 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG [Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité [Termes IGN] effondrement de terrain [Termes IGN] étalonnage [Termes IGN] modèle numérique [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] simulation numérique [Termes IGN] Suisse Résumé : (Auteur) MassMov2D is a numerical model for simulating runout and deposition of landslide phenomena over a complex topography that is implemented in the free GIS PCRaster. This research aims at improving the mechanism of MassMov2D calibration and verifying its capability of representing complex landslides. In this article the authors present the enhancement of the MassMov2D code due to the introduction of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient for model efficiency calculation; this enables the replacement of the inefficient ‘trial and error’ approach used for sensitivity analysis and calibration with a semi-automatic procedure. During this research the improved code was tested in a case study located on the Canaria Valley (Switzerland) where a complex landslide occurred. An optimal set of parameters were calculated for evaluating the effects of a possible further slope failure. The availability of a unique dataset of high resolution digital elevation models just before and after the collapse allowed precise evaluation of the sensitivity and calibration of the model with the new procedure. The results demonstrate that this model is capable of reproducing the observed deposits even though some model limitations were identified in steep slope areas. Finally the study presents the expected scenario due to a future landslide. Numéro de notice : A2012-161 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01316.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01316.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31608 [article]

Earth Observation scientific workflows in a distributed computing environment / T. Van Zyl in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 233 - 248 Titre : Earth Observation scientific workflows in a distributed computing environment Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : T. Van Zyl, Auteur ; A. Vahed, Auteur ; G. Mcferren, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 233 - 248 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] flux de travaux [Termes IGN] image Terra-MODIS [Termes IGN] PostGIS [Termes IGN] PostgreSQL [Termes IGN] Web Processing Service Résumé : (Auteur) Geospatially Enabled Scientific Workflows offer a promising toolset to help researchers in the earth observation domain with many aspects of the scientific process. One such aspect is that of access to distributed earth observation data and computing resources. Earth observation research often utilizes large datasets requiring extensive CPU and memory resources in their processing. These resource intensive processes can be chained; the sequence of processes (and their provenance) makes up a scientific workflow. Despite the exponential growth in capacity of desktop computers, their resources are often insufficient for the scientific workflow processing tasks at hand. By integrating distributed computing capabilities into a geospatially enabled scientific workflow environment, it is possible to provide researchers with a mechanism to overcome the limitations of the desktop computer. Most of the effort on extending scientific workflows with distributed computing capabilities has focused on the web services approach, as exemplified by the OGC's Web Processing Service and by GRID computing. The approach to leveraging distributed computing resources described in this article uses instead remote objects via RPyC and the dynamic properties of the Python programming language. The Vistrails environment has been extended to allow for geospatial processing through the EO4Vistrails package (http://code.google.com/p/eo4vistrails/). In order to allow these geospatial processes to be seamlessly executed on distributed resources such as cloud computing nodes, the Vistrails environment has been extended with both multi-tasking capabilities and distributed processing capabilities. The multi-tasking capabilities are required in order to allow Vistrails to run side-by-side processes, a capability it does not currently have. The distributed processing capabilities are achieved through the use of remote objects and mobile code through RPyC. Numéro de notice : A2012-162 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01317.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01317.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31609 [article]

A comparison between WCS and OPeNDAP for making model results and data products available through the Internet / F. Baart in Transactions in GIS, vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 16 n° 2 (April 2012) . - pp 249 - 265 Titre : A comparison between WCS and OPeNDAP for making model results and data products available through the Internet Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : F. Baart, Auteur ; G. De Boer, Auteur ; W. De Haas, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 249 - 265 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] accès aux données localisées [Termes IGN] analyse comparative [Termes IGN] cartographie à la volée [Termes IGN] convivialité [Termes IGN] Pays-Bas [Termes IGN] protocole [Termes IGN] test de performance [Termes IGN] Web Coverage Service Résumé : (Auteur) Numerical models produce output with a large number of variables, grid cells and time steps. The same applies to algorithms that produce gridded datasets from sparse or abundant raw data. Further use of the resulting data products has been challenging, especially for dissemination outside the institute of origin. Due to the gradually increasing size of data products, simply downloading copies of them is becoming impossible. A gradual transition from traditional download methods to web services is therefore observed. Web services allow for on-the-fly access to subsets of data that were hitherto considered as indivisible granules. Here we compare the most mature candidates to serve gridded data through the web: the Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP) and Web Coverage Service (WCS) protocols. In the framework of the new Dutch National Model and Data Centre (NMDC.eu) a distributed data storage has been created by coupling OPeNDAP servers. A WCS service layer is provided for the same data. This allows us to compare OPeNDAP and WCS. Using several use cases, we compare the usability, performance and features of the two protocols. Numéro de notice : A2012-163 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01312.x Date de publication en ligne : 13/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2012.01312.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31610 [article]