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Termes IGN > 1- Outils - instruments et méthodes > instrument > instrument de mesure
instrument de mesureSynonyme(s)instrument de mesurage ;appareil de mesure appareil de mesurageVoir aussi |
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Investigations on the influence of antenna near-field effects and satellite obstruction on the uncertainty of GNSS-based distance measurements / Florian Zimmermann in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016)
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Titre : Investigations on the influence of antenna near-field effects and satellite obstruction on the uncertainty of GNSS-based distance measurements Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Florian Zimmermann, Auteur ; Christian Eling, Auteur ; Heiner Kuhlmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 53 - 60 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] antenne GNSS
[Termes IGN] distancemètre
[Termes IGN] distorsion du signal
[Termes IGN] double différence
[Termes IGN] étalonnage d'instrument
[Termes IGN] trajet multiple
[Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement de données GNSSRésumé : (auteur) Antenna near-field effects are one of the accuracy limiting factors on GNSS-based distance measurements. In order to analyse these influences, a measurement campaign at an EDM calibration baseline site with optimum GNSS conditions was performed. To vary the distance between the antenna mount and the absolutely calibrated antennas, spacers with different lengths were used. Due to the comparison of the resulting GNSS-based distance measurements to a reference solution, the influences of the antenna near-field could be analyzed.
The standard deviations of the differences to the reference solution, i. e., 0.31 mm for the distance and 0.46 mm for the height component, indicate that equal spacer and antenna combinations at both stations lead to a very high accuracy level. In contrast, different spacer and antenna combinations decrease the accuracy level. Thus, an identical set-up at both antenna stations and the usage of individually calibrated antennas minimize the near-field effects during the double-differencing process. Hence, these aspects can be identified as a prerequisite for highly accurate GNSS-measurements.
In addition to near-field effects, the influence of satellite obstructions is investigated. Four realistic shadowing scenarios are numerically simulated on the basis of the observations, which were collected in the optimum surrounding of the EDM calibration baseline site. The comparison to nominal values indicates that a shadowing leads only to a slight decreasing of the accuracy. Consequently, there is a strong suspicion that multipath effects and signal distortions seem to have a greater influence on the accuracy of GNSS-based distance measurements than the satellite constellation.Numéro de notice : A2016-554 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1515/jag-2015-0026 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2015-0026 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81704
in Journal of applied geodesy > vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 53 - 60[article]Potential of GPS common clock single-differences for deformation monitoring / Steffen Schön in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016)
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Titre : Potential of GPS common clock single-differences for deformation monitoring Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Steffen Schön, Auteur ; Hue Kiem Pham, Auteur ; Tobias Kersten, Auteur ; Julia Leute, Auteur ; Andreas Bauch, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 45 - 52 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] déformation géométrique
[Termes IGN] hauteur ellipsoïdale
[Termes IGN] horloge
[Termes IGN] positionnement cinématique
[Termes IGN] récepteur GNSS
[Termes IGN] simple différence
[Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement de données GNSSRésumé : (auteur) Global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) are a standard measurement device for deformation monitoring. In many applications, double-differences are used to reduce distance dependent systematic effects, as well as to eliminate the receiver and satellites clock errors. However, due to the navigation principle of one way ranging used in GPS, the geometry of the subsequent adjustment is weakened. As a result, the height component is generally determined three times less precisely than the horizontal coordinates. In addition, large correlations between the height and elevation dependent effects exist such as tropospheric refraction, mismodelled phase center variations, or multipath which restricts the attainable accuracy. However, for a kinematic analysis, i. e. for estimating high rate coordinate time series, the situation can be significantly improved if a common clock is connected to different GNSS receivers in a network or on a baseline. Consequently, between-station single-differences are sufficient to solve for the baseline coordinates. The positioning geometry is significantly improved which is reflected by a reduction of the standard deviation of kinematic heights by about a factor 3 underlining the benefits of this new approach. Real data from baselines at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt campus at Braunschweig where receivers are connected over 290 m via an optical fiber link to a common clock was analysed. Numéro de notice : A2016-553 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1515/jag-2015-0029 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2015-0029 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81700
in Journal of applied geodesy > vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 45 - 52[article]Qualification de la précision de données topographiques issues d’acquisitions par méthode scanner laser dynamique ferroporté / Audrey Jacquin in XYZ, n° 146 (mars - mai 2016)
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Titre : Qualification de la précision de données topographiques issues d’acquisitions par méthode scanner laser dynamique ferroporté Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Audrey Jacquin, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 33 - 39 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] données topographiques
[Termes IGN] lever mobile
[Termes IGN] point d'appui
[Termes IGN] précision centimétrique
[Termes IGN] surveillance d'ouvrage
[Termes IGN] télémètre laser terrestre
[Termes IGN] voie ferréeRésumé : (auteur) SNCF Réseau gère un réseau ferroviaire qui s'étend sur 33 000 kilomètres de lignes, représentant l'un des réseaux les plus denses d'Europe en termes de circulation. Afin d'assurer la sécurité des biens et des personnes, la surveillance de l'ensemble du Réseau Ferré National est un enjeu majeur. La cartographie mobile apparaît comme une solution évidente, offrant une productivité élevée et des conditions de travail idéales d'un point de vue de la sécurité. En effet, le milieu ferroviaire est un environnement à fortes contraintes en terme de sécurité et l'emploi d'une technologie permettant de limiter l'intervention directe du personnel sur les voies est un avantage certain. Cet article présente l'étude de précision qui a été menée sur le scanner laser dynamique acquis par SNCF Réseau à l'été 2013, dans le but de valider -ou non- son utilisation pour la surveillance du réseau à condition qu'il permette d'atteindre la classe de précision de 5 centimètres fixée par le cahier des charges. Numéro de notice : A2016-257 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80789
in XYZ > n° 146 (mars - mai 2016) . - pp 33 - 39[article]Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 112-2016011 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Documents numériques
en open access
Qualification de la précision - pdf éditeurAdobe Acrobat PDFThe use of laser scanning as a method for measuring stairways following an accident / M. Eyre in Survey review, vol 48 n° 347 (March 2016)
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Titre : The use of laser scanning as a method for measuring stairways following an accident Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Eyre, Auteur ; P. J. Foster, Auteur ; K. Hallas, Auteur ; R. Shaw, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 121 - 129 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Topographie moderne
[Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] architecture
[Termes IGN] carte d'intérieur
[Termes IGN] dommage physique
[Termes IGN] inclinomètre (topographie)
[Termes IGN] lever des détails
[Termes IGN] reconstruction 3D
[Termes IGN] surveillance d'ouvrage
[Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestreRésumé : (auteur) Stairs present significant potential for harm to their users. A fall on stairs, particularly in descent, often leads to serious injury or even death. The authors have been involved in the investigation of many workplace stair accidents. Proper forensic investigation into the cause of a stair accident has often found the incident to be wholly or partly caused by poor stair design. In order to establish the relationship between the stair design and a given fall, an onsite survey has to be conducted, determining the rises and goings along with other key dimensions. The Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL), Buxton, UK, regularly undertake this type of survey using a digital inclinometer, a steel rule and a tape measure. Laser scanning is an emerging technique that is now accessible to the surveyor to complement or replace traditional approaches. The laser scanner and associated software produces a dense point survey in 3D, allowing dimensional analysis of the features. The authors used both traditional and laser scanning techniques to study the scenes of two fatal stair falls. The analysis presented allows the suitability of laser scanning for stair-fall investigation to be considered. Identification and classification of errors are needed in order to consider if the error is acceptable or can be mitigated. Laser scanners are impressive instruments providing data from which can be used to create a virtual 3D environment that can be used to reconstruct and explain an event and contributing factors. The use of both survey methods currently provides the investigator with complimentary data that allows accurate measurements to be presented in the context of the three-dimensional environment. Numéro de notice : A2016-048 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article DOI : 10.1179/1752270615Y.0000000014 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/1752270615Y.0000000014 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79642
in Survey review > vol 48 n° 347 (March 2016) . - pp 121 - 129[article]
Titre : Advanced modeling and algorithms for high-precision GNSS analysis Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Kan Wang, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2016 Collection : Dissertationen ETH num. 23188 Note générale : bibliographie
thesis submitted to attain the degree of doctor of sciences of ETH ZurichLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] ambiguïté entière
[Termes IGN] antenne GPS
[Termes IGN] centre de phase
[Termes IGN] données BeiDou
[Termes IGN] données Galileo
[Termes IGN] données GPS
[Termes IGN] double différence
[Termes IGN] erreur systématique
[Termes IGN] GPS en mode différentiel
[Termes IGN] horloge
[Termes IGN] phase GNSS
[Termes IGN] positionnement cinématique
[Termes IGN] récepteur GNSS
[Termes IGN] récepteur trifréquence
[Termes IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté
[Termes IGN] retard ionosphèrique
[Termes IGN] Suisse
[Termes IGN] trajet multiple
[Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement de données GNSSRésumé : (auteur) In the recent ten years, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) processing has experienced a fast development in many areas including the increasing number of frequencies, the higher quality of positioning instruments, e.g. the receiver clocks and the satellite clocks, and more integrated modeling and calculation strategies. This thesis includes investigations of different modeling and parameterization methods in modern GNSS positioning with the focus on three important positioning error sources: the receiver clock errors, the phase ambiguities and the ionospheric delays.
The thesis shows that making use of the high-quality receiver clocks and applying appropriate receiver clock modeling can help to improve the kinematic height estimates, which are highly correlated with the receiver clock parameters. An efficient pre-elimination and back-substitution strategy of epoch parameters with relative clock constraints between subsequent and near-subsequent epochs has been developed to enable processing of, e.g., high-rate data. A detailed analysis of the relationship between the clock quality and the improvement of kinematic heights has been performed. Studies were also conducted to decorrelate the receiver clock parameters, the kinematic heights and the troposphere parameters. Experiments with real data have shown that appropriate deterministic and stochastic clock models can also be helpful to increase the resolution of the estimated Zenith Path Delay (ZPD) parameters without obvious degradation of the stability of the kinematic heights.
The second aspect of the thesis focuses on the resolution of triple-frequency phase ambiguities with different linear combinations. A complete analytical investigation of Geometry-Free (GF) and Ionosphere-Free (IF) triple-frequency phase ambiguity resolution with minimized noise level has been performed for different frequency triplets. The analysis was done separately for the best two linear combinations and the third one. Experiments have shown that the fractional parts and the formal errors of the combined ambiguities of the best two linear combinations are relatively small for Galileo E1, E5b and E5a and GPS L1, L2 and L5 triplets, while the third linear combination remains a challenge. Further analysis with the geostationary satellites of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) elaborated in the framework of this thesis has also confirmed that the combined ambiguities from the best two GF and IF linear combinations can be fixed by rounding, while the estimated ambiguities on L1 have relatively large deviations from the values obtained from the traditional dual-frequency double-difference ambiguity resolution. Apart from the triple-frequency ambiguity resolution on the double-difference level, the so-called track-to-track ambiguities between different tracks of the same receiver and the same satellite have also been investigated for the best two triple-frequency linear combinations using GPS L1, L2 and L5 as well as Galileo E1, E5b and E5a observations. The outcome demonstrates that elevation-dependent influences on the observations like Phase Center Variations (PCVs), Phase Center Offsets (PCOs) and multipath are important for the fixing of the track-to-track ambiguities.
The combined track-to-track ambiguities using the best two linear combinations are also effective in detecting problems in the observation data.
The third aspect of the thesis includes the investigation of the differential ionospheric delays and gradients in the region of Switzerland from 1999 to 2013. In differential Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning, the ionospheric delays for short baselines are in most cases small enough to be ignored, except under extreme conditions, e.g., during ionospheric stormy days, and for applications with high integrity requirements, e.g., during approach and landing of aircrafts. This thesis introduces an algorithm using double-difference phase measurements with resolved phase ambiguities and global ionosphere maps provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) to extract the single-difference ionospheric delays, and enabling an automatic and robust processing of the data over 15 years. The results show that the daily maximum slant ionospheric gradients calculated from the differential slant ionopheric delays and the baseline lengths from 1999 to 2013 are below the slant ionosphere gradient boundary of the Conterminous United States (CONUS) ionospheric anomaly threat model.Numéro de notice : 17250 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : dissertation : sciences : ETH Zurich : 2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010610972 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81986 Autonomous navigation in complex nonplanar environments based on laser ranging / Philipp Andreas Krüsi (2016)
PermalinkCorrection de nuages de points lidar embarqué sur véhicule pour la reconstruction d’environnement 3D vaste / Pierre Merriaux (2016)
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PermalinkPermalinkGNSS Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems : A potential new time keeping system for future generations / Carlo Cornacchini in Inside GNSS, vol 11 n° 1 (January - February 2016)
PermalinkPermalinkMarégraphe de Marseille : Contrôle des appareils effectué en mars 2016, version 1 / Alain Coulomb (2016)
PermalinkOptimized strategy for the calibration of superconducting gravimeters at the one per mille level / Michel Van Camp in Journal of geodesy, vol 90 n° 1 (January 2016)
PermalinkRéalisation d'études et travaux topographiques sur des biens fonciers et immobiliers parisiens / Robin Bordereau (2016)
PermalinkStudy and development of a laser based alignment system for the compact linear collider / Guillaume Stern (2016)
PermalinkWater vapor measurements by mobile Raman lidar over the Mediterranean Sea in the framework of HyMeX: application to multi-platform validation of moisture profiles / Julien Totems in EPJ Web of Conferences, vol 119 (2016)
PermalinkDevelopment and operational analysis of an all-fiber coherent doppler Lidar system for wind sensing and aerosol profiling / Sameh Abdelazim in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 12 (December 2015)
PermalinkDevelopment, calibration and evaluation of a portable and direct georeferenced laser scanning system for kinematic 3D mapping / Erik Heinz in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 9 n° 4 (December 2015)
PermalinkError analysis of a new planar electrostatic gravity gradiometer for airborne surveys / Karim Douch in Journal of geodesy, vol 89 n° 12 (december 2015)
PermalinkL'ingénierie géodésique appliquée à la construction des hautes tours / Joël Van Cranenbroeck in XYZ, n° 145 (décembre 2015 - février 2016)
PermalinkOcular robotics : The world's most dynamic eye / Ocular robotics in GIM international, vol 29 n° 12 (December 2015)
PermalinkRevisiting the pole tide for and from satellite altimetry / Shailen Desai in Journal of geodesy, vol 89 n° 12 (december 2015)
PermalinkThe use of video-tacheometric technology for documenting and analysing geometric features of objects / Marek Woźniak in Reports on geodesy and geoinformatics, vol 99 (December 2015)
PermalinkExtendable linearised adjustment model for deformation analysis / Hiddo Velsink in Survey review, vol 47 n° 345 (November 2015)
PermalinkPermalinkImpacts of real-time satellite clock errors on GPS precise point positioning-based troposphere zenith delay estimation / Junbo Shi in Journal of geodesy, vol 89 n° 8 (August 2015)
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