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Termes IGN > aménagement > urbanisme
urbanisme
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Aménagement urbain, Développement urbain, Habitat (urbanisme), Planification urbaine, Ville modèle. Synonyme(s)aménagement urbainVoir aussi |
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Analyse contrastive de la perception de la ville entre fictions climatiques et débats publics / Alexandra Li–Combeau-Longuet (2022)
Titre : Analyse contrastive de la perception de la ville entre fictions climatiques et débats publics Type de document : Mémoire Auteurs : Alexandra Li–Combeau-Longuet, Auteur ; Catherine Dominguès , Encadrant ; Sabine Ploux, Encadrant Editeur : Paris : Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales Année de publication : 2022 Projets : PARVIS / Importance : 80 p. Note générale : bibliographie
Master traitement automatique des langues, Parcours Ingénierie MultilingueLangues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Linguistique
[Termes IGN] analyse de données
[Termes IGN] analyse de groupement
[Termes IGN] corpus
[Termes IGN] linguistique informatique
[Termes IGN] villeMots-clés libres : analyse statistique de données textuelles TXM clustering romans de science-fiction Grand Débat National Natural Language Processing (NLP) city statistical analysis of textual data science fiction Résumé : (auteur) Ce travail, s'inscrivant dans le projet PARVIS (PARoles de VIlleS), porte sur l'analyse contrastive de la perception de la ville entre un corpus de débats publics et un corpus de romans de science-fiction (dont des fictions climatiques). Ces corpus ne parlant pas uniquement de la ville, nous utilisons une approche "par lexique" pour définir la ville. Cette approche pose la question de la désambigüisation lexicale, mais aussi de la segmentation en la seule unité comparable entre les deux corpus : la phrase. Nous avons donc commencé par une exploration "gros grain" des corpus afin de formuler des hypothèses sur la perception de la ville, dans laquelle la désambigüisation lexicale et la segmentation en phrase seront abordées. Enfin, une exploration "grain fin" des vecteurs contextuels des mots de la ville a été réalisée dans le but de répondre à ces hypothèses. Note de contenu : Introduction : contexte de travail
Problématiques et objectifs
Partie 1- État de l’art, rappel sur les méthodes utiles
1 Analyse de données textuelles (ADT) ou Textométrie
2 Apprentissage automatique
Partie 2- Exploration du corpus "gros grain" : formulation d’hypothèses sur la perception de la ville
3 Pré-traitements : désambiguïsation
4 Méthode : exploration "gros grains"
5 Résultats de l’exploration "gros grain"
6 Formulation des hypothèses
Partie 3- Exploration "grain fin" du corpus : les contextes d’emploi
7 Méthode : clustering sur les vecteurs contextuels de CamemBERT
8 Analyses des clusters
9 Discussion
Conclusion généraleNuméro de notice : 13867 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE/MATHEMATIQUE Nature : Mémoire masters divers Organisme de stage : LASTIG (IGN) Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102272 Documents numériques
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Titre : City Information Modelling for lifecycle assessment Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Alexandre Mielniczek, Auteur ; Charlotte Roux, Auteur ; Florence Jacquinod , Auteur Editeur : Paris : Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris EIVP Année de publication : 2022 Conférence : LCIC 2022, 3rd Life Cycle Innovation Conference 29/06/2022 01/07/2022 Berlin Allemagne programme Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique
[Termes IGN] impact sur l'environnement
[Termes IGN] modèle 3D de l'espace urbain
[Termes IGN] modélisation 3D du bâti BIM
[Termes IGN] projet urbain
[Termes IGN] urbanismeRésumé : (Auteur) Environmental impacts are to be taken into account as early as possible in the design stages of urban projects so as to be able to select the most sustainable design. Nowadays, more and more district digital models, modeled according to BIM (building information modeling) standards and guidelines, are produced during the conception and construction of new or renewed districts. City Information Model (CIM) can store data about buildings, underground utilities, roads, city furniture and vegetation (positioning, dimensions, materials and sometimes technical properties). Data about buildings are already used for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) at the building scale (Marrero et al. 2020) and have been exploited at the district scale to evaluate impact of materials used for construction (Delval et al. 2018). A consequential approach (ie. evaluating environmental consequences of a change in the existing system, here the building stock or the city) could be considered as the most relevant for ecodesign objectives but is too rarely performed (Frischknecht et al. 2016; Roux 2020). Complementary data from CIM could be used to enhance consequential LCA at the district scale and simulate various scenarios (local climate conditions, shadow analysis from building morphology, impact of public spaces, roads and underground utilities, etc.). This induces a greater complexity as far as data modeling and processing are concerned. Research on urban analysis from CIM data has shed light on numerous issues to be tackled in order to be able to perform analysis at the district or city scale thanks to a CIM, including georeferencing, level of detail management, definition of specific entities and property sets and need for generalized entities (Deprêtre et Jacquinod 2021). Through this work, we aimed at identifying more precisely CIM data potential for consequential LCA at the district scale in order to propose new methods and processes and test them on case studies. A literature review is performed on eco-design and city information modeling aside with a review on existing city models. Main research potential to improve LCA of urban projects are identified and classified according to the goal and scope of the study. A first field case study is exposed and major drags and opportunities to district LCA are discussed in this specific case where an existing model has been developed without considering an eco-design objective. Numéro de notice : C2022-033 Affiliation des auteurs : UGE-LASTIG+Ext (2020- ) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Poster nature-HAL : Poster-avec-CL DOI : sans Date de publication en ligne : 04/07/2022 En ligne : https://hal.science/hal-03712883v1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=101280 A constraint-based approach for identifying the urban–rural fringe of polycentric cities using multi-sourced data / Jing Yang in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 36 n° 1 (January 2022)
[article]
Titre : A constraint-based approach for identifying the urban–rural fringe of polycentric cities using multi-sourced data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jing Yang, Auteur ; Jingwen Dong, Auteur ; Yizhong Sun, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : pp 114 - 136 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] délimitation de frontière
[Termes IGN] données multisources
[Termes IGN] entropie de Shannon
[Termes IGN] espace rural
[Termes IGN] estimation par noyau
[Termes IGN] Kiangsou (Chine)
[Termes IGN] programmation par contraintes
[Termes IGN] transformation en ondelettes
[Termes IGN] urbanisation
[Termes IGN] zonage (urbanisme)
[Termes IGN] zone rurale
[Termes IGN] zone urbaineRésumé : (auteur) Studies on urban–rural fringes, which represent regions facing various urbanization problems caused by rapid expansion, have steadily increased in recent years. However, problems persist in the quantitative delimitation of such regions. Based on the characteristics of abrupt urbanization-level changes in urban–rural fringe areas, we propose a constraint-based method in this study to detect the urban–rural fringes of cities with a spatial polycentric structure of ‘Main center–Subcenter’ based on data from multiple sources. We used the proposed approach to delimitate the fringe areas of Jiangyin and Zhangjiagang and identify their urban main center and subcenter pre-defined by their city master plans, towns, and rural hinterlands. Comparison of the identified results of different single urbanization indices, a single detection center, kernel density estimation, and a single constraint revealed that the patch density and Shannon’s diversity index of the proposed method were higher in urban–rural fringes and smaller in city centers and rural hinterlands. This suggests that the landscape of urban–rural fringes delimitated by the proposed method is more fragmented, diverse, and complicated, thereby performing better. This study is significant for future urban spatial analysis, planning, and management. Numéro de notice : A2022-045 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2021.1876236 Date de publication en ligne : 05/02/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2021.1876236 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99404
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 36 n° 1 (January 2022) . - pp 114 - 136[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 079-2022011 SL Revue Centre de documentation Revues en salle Disponible Cultivating historical heritage area vitality using urban morphology approach based on big data and machine learning / Jiayu Wu in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol 91 (January 2022)
[article]
Titre : Cultivating historical heritage area vitality using urban morphology approach based on big data and machine learning Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jiayu Wu, Auteur ; Yutian Lu, Auteur ; Hei Gao, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2022 Article en page(s) : n° 101716 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] apprentissage automatique
[Termes IGN] Chine
[Termes IGN] conservation du patrimoine
[Termes IGN] distribution spatiale
[Termes IGN] données massives
[Termes IGN] échantillonnage de données
[Termes IGN] Extreme Gradient Machine
[Termes IGN] morphologie urbaine
[Termes IGN] patrimoine culturel
[Termes IGN] planification urbaine
[Termes IGN] point d'intérêt
[Termes IGN] régularisation de Tychonoff
[Termes IGN] variation diurneRésumé : (auteur) The conservation of historical heritage can bring social benefits to cities by promoting community economic development and societal creativity. In the early stages of historical heritage conservation, the focus was on the museum-style concept for individual structures. At present, heritage area vitality is often adopted as a general conservation method to increase the vibrancy of such areas. However, it remains unclear whether urban morphological elements suitable for urban areas can be applied to heritage areas. This study uses ridge regression and LightGBM with multi-source big geospatial data to explore whether urban morphological elements that affect the vitality of heritage and urban areas are consistent or have different spatial distributions and daily variations. From a sample of 12 Chinese cities, our analysis shows the following results. First, factors affecting urban vitality differ from those influencing heritage areas. Second, factors influencing urban and heritage areas' vitality have diurnal variations and differ across cities. The overarching contribution of this study is to propose a quantitative and replicable framework for heritage adaptation, combining urban morphology and vitality measures derived from big geospatial data. This study also extends the understanding of forms of heritage areas and provides theoretical support for heritage conservation, urban construction, and economic development. Numéro de notice : A2022-007 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101716 Date de publication en ligne : 30/09/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101716 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99048
in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems > vol 91 (January 2022) . - n° 101716[article]Editing maps of landscape elements according to their potential influence on animals by combining multi-source data: a case study about red foxes in urban environment / Laurence Jolivet (2022)
Titre : Editing maps of landscape elements according to their potential influence on animals by combining multi-source data: a case study about red foxes in urban environment Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Laurence Jolivet , Auteur ; Emmanuelle Robardet, Auteur ; Marianne Cohen, Auteur Editeur : Saint-Mandé : Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière - IGN (2012-) Année de publication : 2022 Conférence : IGC 2022, International geographic congress, Congrès du centenaire de l’Union Géographique Internationale UGI 18/07/2022 22/07/2022 Paris France OA Abstracts only Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] carte thématique
[Termes IGN] données multisources
[Termes IGN] milieu urbainRésumé : (auteur) Wildlife present in urban environments uses the space as shaped by human infrastructures and activities (Jokimäki et al., 2011). Landscape planning has to take into account animals’ space use so that to enable good ecological functioning and to identify places of interface between wildlife and human, particularly relevant in the management of zoonosis (Plumer et al., 2014). Meeting this need remains a challenge due to the scarcity of animals’ data and their dependency on specific collect contexts (the observed animal, its personality, the area, recording parameters). Our study case deals with red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the city of Nancy in eastern France. Our aim is to propose a map of landscape elements that would be selected according to their potential influence on the species’ space use (Burel et al., 1999). This influence may be attractiveness for the presence of animals, or avoidance. It may also correspond to corridors or obstacles to movements. The edition of such map implied integrating multi-theme and multi-source geographical data, about physical landscape description, human activities, animals’ locations, and from institutional databases, crowd-sourcing, local expert studies and ad-hoc data collections (Zhang et al., 2019). The targeted integration result was a set of geometrical parcels characterized into two distinct classifications on land cover types and human land uses. Labels in the classifications were defined relying on the analysis of red foxes’ GPS locations (Robardet, 2007) which highlighted specific landscape elements to consider (vegetation patches, railways, property boundaries which might be fences, walls) and temporalities related to daytime and night time and to individual rhythms. Validation is based on a comparison between the resulted map and reference data based on field survey and visual interpretation of images. The map stands as a display of the space interpreted with a landscape planning objective and requiring regular updating. Numéro de notice : C2022-047 Affiliation des auteurs : UGE-LASTIG+Ext (2020- ) Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/GEOMATIQUE Nature : Communication nature-HAL : ComSansActesPubliés-Unpublished DOI : sans En ligne : https://hal.science/hal-03820118v1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=102437 GIS-based survey over the public transport strategy: An instrument for economic and sustainable urban traffic planning / Gabriela Droj in ISPRS International journal of geo-information, vol 11 n° 1 (January 2022)PermalinkImproving LSMA for impervious surface estimation in an urban area / Jin Wang in European journal of remote sensing, vol 55 n° 1 (2022)PermalinkIncorporation of spatial anisotropy in urban expansion modelling with cellular automata / Jinqu Zhang in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 36 n° 1 (January 2022)PermalinkPermalinkA multipath and thermal noise joint error characterization and exploitation for low-cost GNSS PVT estimators in urban environment / Eustachio Roberto Matera (2022)PermalinkRéappropriation de la donnée spatiale de la Communauté d’Agglomération de Coulommiers Pays de Brie / Mathieu Defaye (2022)PermalinkPermalinkRepresenting vector geographic information as a tensor for deep learning based map generalisation / Azelle Courtial (2022)PermalinkSimulation of dispersion effects by considering interactions of pedestrians and bicyclists using an agent space model / Mingwei Liu in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol 91 (January 2022)PermalinkPermalinkToward enhanced ecodesign of urban project thanks to City Information Modelling / Alexandre Mielniczek (2022)PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkPermalinkApplication of a hand-held LiDAR scanner for the urban cadastral detail survey in digitized cadastral area of Taiwan urban city / Shih-Hong Chio in Remote sensing, vol 13 n° 24 (December-2 2021)PermalinkLa 3D dans tous ses états [à Cergy-Pontoise] / Marielle Mayo in Géomètre, n° 2197 (décembre 2021)PermalinkAnalyzing contextual linking of heterogeneous information models from the domains BIM and UIM / Stefan F. Beck in ISPRS International journal of geo-information, vol 10 n° 12 (December 2021)PermalinkDigitizing and visualizing sketch map data: A semi-structured approach to qualitative GIS / Christopher Prener in Cartographica, vol 56 n° 4 (Winter 2021)PermalinkUnderstanding and predicting the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 via integrating diffusive graph embedding and compartmental models / Tong Zhang in Transactions in GIS, vol 25 n° 6 (December 2021)PermalinkThe spatiotemporal implications of urbanization for urban heat islands in Beijing: A predictive approach based on CA–Markov modeling (2004–2050) / Muhammad Amir Siddique in Remote sensing, vol 13 n° 22 (November-2 2021)Permalink