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iTowns : an open source project connected to a research platform for continuous innovation / Alexandre Devaux (2017)
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Titre : iTowns : an open source project connected to a research platform for continuous innovation Type de document : Chapitre/Contribution Auteurs : Alexandre Devaux , Auteur
Editeur : Dublin : European Spatial Data Research EuroSDR Année de publication : 2017 Collection : EuroSDR annual report num. 2016 Projets : ITowns / Paparoditis, Nicolas Importance : pp 23 - 23 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] plateforme collaborative
[Termes IGN] plateforme logicielleNuméro de notice : H2017-026 Affiliation des auteurs : LASTIG MATIS (2012-2019) Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Chapître / contribution nature-HAL : ChRappRech DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90534 Documents numériques
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iTowns : an open source project connected to a research platform for continuous innovation - pdf éditeurAdobe Acrobat PDF
Titre : Level of detail in 3D city models Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Filip Biljecki, Auteur ; Jantien E. Stoter, Auteur ; Hugo Ledoux, Auteur Editeur : Delft [Pays-Bas] : Delft University of Technology Année de publication : 2017 Note générale : bibliographie
Doctoral dissertation, Delft university of technologyLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées
[Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité
[Termes IGN] bâtiment
[Termes IGN] CityGML
[Termes IGN] erreur en position
[Termes IGN] modèle 3D de l'espace urbain
[Termes IGN] niveau de détail
[Termes IGN] propagation d'erreur
[Termes IGN] SIG 3D
[Termes IGN] spécificationRésumé : (auteur) The concept of level of detail (LOD) describes the content of 3D city models and it plays an essential role during their life cycle. On one hand it comes akin to the concepts of scale in cartography and LOD in computer graphics, on the other hand it is a standalone concept that requires attention. LOD has an influence on tendering and acquisition, and it has a hand in storage, maintenance, and application aspects. However, it has not been significantly researched, and this PhD thesis fills this void. This thesis reviews dozens of current LOD standards, revealing that most practitioners consider the LOD to be comprised solely of the geometric detail of data and there are disparate views on the concept as a whole. However, the research suggests that the LOD encompasses additional metrics, such as semantics and texture. The thesis formalises the concept, enabling integration and comparison of current LOD standards. The established framework may be applied to cartography and to different forms of 3D geoinformation such as point clouds. Following the formalised concept, a new LOD specification is presented improving the LOD concept in the current OGC CityGML 2.0 standard, a prominent norm in the 3D GIS industry. The specification introduces 16 LODs for buildings that are shaped after analysing the capabilities of acquisition techniques and a large number of real-world datasets. The improved LOD specification may be integrated in product portfolios and tenders, preventing misunderstandings between stakeholders, and as a better language for communicating the specifics of a dataset to be acquired. The specification also considers different approaches to realise the data. Such geometric references result in dozens of different variants of the same LOD.3D data according to the LOD specification was generated using a procedural modelling engine that was developed over the course of the research. The engine is capable of producing 3D city models in a large number of different variants and according to the CityGML standard. The thesis also catalogues the many different ways to create 3D city models. A prominent technique for producing data in a different LOD is generalisation, i.e. simplifying a 3D city model. The inverse---augmenting the LOD of a dataset---has not been researched to a great extent, and this thesis gives an overview of the topic. This research demonstrates that it is possible to generate 3D city models without elevation measurements, inherently augmenting the LOD of coarser data (2D footprints). The method relies on machine learning: several attributes found in 2D datasets may hint at the height of a building, thus enabling extrusion and creating 3D city models suited for several applications.Some acquisition techniques may result in multi-LOD datasets, and nowadays there are some regions represented in different, independent datasets. However, it was found that possibilities to link such data are deficient. The lack of linking mechanisms inhibits acquisition, storage, and maintenance of multi-LOD data. Two methods for linking features across two or more LODs have been developed resulting in an increased consistency of multi-LOD datasets. The first method links matching geometries across multiple LODs, while the second method establishes a 4D data structure in which the LOD is modelled as the fourth (spatial) dimension.It is often believed that the more detailed 3D data the better. However, similarly as in computer graphics, dealing with data at fine LODs comes at a cost: such datasets are harder to obtain, their storage footprint is large, and their usage within a spatial analysis may be slow. Scarce research has been dedicated to investigating whether an increase in the LOD of the data brings a comparably significant increase in benefits when the data is used in a spatial analysis.First, an analysis using real-world multi-LOD data was carried out. Different LODs of spatial data covering the Netherlands was used in a spatial analysis to refine population maps, obtaining different results for each LOD. However, several problems are exposed, revealing that using real data for such investigations is not optimal.The remainder of the research focuses on using procedurally generated data for such experiments. Synthetic data in several different LODs has been generated and employed for four spatial analyses (estimation of the building shadow, envelope area, volume, and solar irradiation). The experiments result in different conclusions. Finer LODs usually bring some improvement to the quality of the spatial analysis, but not always and such may be negligible. The results of the experiments ultimately depend on the spatial analysis that is considered. The varying results between different spatial analyses make each of them unique. Furthermore, the benefit a finer LOD brings to a spatial analysis is not always clear and easily measurable. In short, striving to produce data at finer LODs may please the eye, but this is not always counter-balanced in the benefit it brings to a spatial analysis.A further addition to the equation above is that when realised, 3D city models are unavoidably burdened with acquisition errors. An error propagation analysis was performed by disturbing the procedurally generated datasets with a range of simulated positional errors. Comparisons have been made between the intentionally degraded datasets and their error-free counterparts, thus obtaining the magnitude of uncertainty the positional errors cause in a spatial analysis. Based on these experiments, several findings are discovered, most importantly:1. How the LODs are realised (which geometric references are used) has a larger influence than the LOD. A coarse LOD produced with a favourable geometric reference may yield better results than a finer LOD realised with an unfavourable reference.2. Positional errors considerably affect spatial analyses. The effect is comparable across similar LODs. Simpler LODs are sligthly less affected by positional errors, but they may contain a large systematic error.3. Errors induced in the acquisition process generally cancel out the improvement provided by finer LODs. The main conclusion is that in the considered spatial analyses the positional error has a significantly higher impact than the LOD. As a consequence, it is suggested that it is pointless to acquire geoinformation at a fine LOD if the acquisition method is not accurate, and instead it is advised to focus on the improvement of accuracy of the data. The thesis proposes additional research for future work. For example, since this research focuses specifically on 3D building models, it would be worth extending the research to other urban features such as roads and vegetation. Furthermore, quality control in 3D GIS does not encompass the evaluation of the LOD of data. Hence integration of the LOD in quality standards should be a priority for future work. Note de contenu : 1- Introduction
2- Background
3- Formalisation of LOD
4- Designing an LOD specification for buildings
5- Variants of LODs
6- Realisation of the specification
7- Generating 3D city models without elevation data
8- Managing multi-LOD data
9- Influence of LOD on spatial analyses (I)
10- Influence of LOD on spatial analyses (II)
11- Sensitivity of LOD to positional errors
12- Combining LOD and positional errors
13- Conclusions and future prospectsNuméro de notice : 17541 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Doctoral dissertation : : Delft university of technology : 2017 DOI : 10.4233/uuid:f12931b7-5113-47ef-bfd4-688aae3be248 En ligne : https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3Af12931b7-5113-47ef-bfd4-68 [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91250
Titre : Low altitude drone image capture and processing for archaeological sites Type de document : Mémoire Auteurs : Mannaïg L'haridon, Auteur Editeur : Champs-sur-Marne : Ecole nationale des sciences géographiques ENSG Année de publication : 2017 Importance : 37 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie
Rapport de projet pluridisciplinaire, cycle Ingénieur 2e annéeLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications photogrammétriques
[Termes IGN] correction radiométrique
[Termes IGN] drone
[Termes IGN] géoréférencement
[Termes IGN] Malte
[Termes IGN] maquette numérique
[Termes IGN] MicMac
[Termes IGN] modèle 3D du site
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface
[Termes IGN] orthophotoplan numérique
[Termes IGN] plan de vol
[Termes IGN] site archéologiqueIndex. décimale : PROJET Mémoires : Rapports de projet - stage des ingénieurs de 2e année Résumé : (Auteur) Le présent stage ingénieur de 2e année est un stage de production photogrammétrique sur des sites archéologiques de Malte. Il a fallu mettre en place une méthode d’acquisition photogrammétrique à basse altitude (de 2 à 20m de hauteur) par drone des sites en question. Une feuille de calcul des paramètres de vol a été élaborée afin d’introduire directement les résultats dans le logiciel de planification de vol pour drones Litchi. Après acquisition, les données ont été traitées sur logiciel MicMac puis géoréférencées. Trois méthodes de géoréférencement ont été mises en place, afin de s’adapter aux données extérieures disponibles pour chaque terrain. Enfin des Modèles Numériques d’Elévations, des orthophotomosaïques de haute résolution, et des modèles 3D ont été réalisés pour les trois zones recouvertes. Afin de compléter l’étude et de permettre de visualiser le site, le modèle d’une maquette pour le site archéologique de Zejtun a été réalisé en supplément des demandes du stage. Note de contenu :
INTRODUCTION
1. BUILDING OF FLIGHT PLAN
1.1. Calculation of resolution
1.2. Creation of flight plans
1.3. Software used
1.4. Radiometry
2. DATA PROCESS
2.1. General process
2.2. Semi-automatic method using GPS metadata acquired by drone
2.3. Total station method using ground control points
2.4. Extracting ground control points from ancillary data (e.g. LIDAR, orthophotos)
3. RESULTS
3.1. Digital Elevation Models
3.2. Orthophotomosaics
3.3. 3D models
3.4. Mock up
CONCLUSIONNuméro de notice : 22819 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Mémoire de projet pluridisciplinaire Organisme de stage : University of Malta Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=88731 Réservation
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Low altitude drone image captureAdobe Acrobat PDFMatching plot-level tree maps with 3D remote sensing data for assessing and estimating forest parameters / Cédric Vega (2017)
Titre : Matching plot-level tree maps with 3D remote sensing data for assessing and estimating forest parameters Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Cédric Vega , Auteur ; Maryem Fadili
, Auteur
Editeur : Saint-Mandé : Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière - IGN (2012-) Année de publication : 2017 Conférence : SilviLaser 2017, 15th conference on Lidar Applications for Assessing and Managing Forest Ecosystems 10/10/2017 12/10/2017 Blacksburg Virginie - Etats-Unis OA Abstracts only Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] appariement de données localisées
[Termes IGN] erreur de positionnement
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes)
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface de la canopée
[Termes IGN] programmation par contraintes
[Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) 3D remote sensing data from either Lidar or Photogrammetric means are recognized as valuable sources of information for assessing and estimating forest structure and related parameters. Both data types have been used with field inventory data for both mapping forest parameters and supporting multisource inventories. However, such a combination requires the data to be accurately matched in the spatial domain. While 3D remote sensing data might provide metric accuracy, the spatial accuracy of field plots remain largely constrained by the limited precision of GPS measurements under forest canopies. Different approaches have been proposed to improve this data registration issue, mainly through matching algorithms aiming to spatially adjust height information from field inventory with remote sensing-based models of canopy heights (CHM). State of the art approaches rely on either point to surface or point to point matching algorithms. However, the former did not make any hypothesis on the tree position on the CHM and could lead to inappropriate match. And the later relies on strong assumptions on the spatial distribution of trees and are thus sensitive to the quality of the tree apices detected on the CHM. We propose an algorithm taking advantage of both approaches. The algorithm is based on a point to surface matching algorithm constraints by local maxima (LM) extracted from the CHM. A search algorithm moved the field tree map in a given neighborhood, ensuring that the highest field tree is located over a LM. The best position is defined using both the correlation and the height error. The algorithm was tested on 91 plots including different forest types and a range of forest structure. Initial positions were shifted in average by 2.18 m (±1.95 m SD) and led to an average error of 1.61 m (±1.07 m). The higher the tree number, the better the registration. Numéro de notice : C2017-061 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF (2012-2019) Thématique : FORET/MATHEMATIQUE Nature : Communication nature-HAL : ComSansActesPubliés-Unpublished DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99224 MicMac – a free, open-source solution for photogrammetry / Ewelina Rupnik in Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards, vol 2 (2017)
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[article]
Titre : MicMac – a free, open-source solution for photogrammetry Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ewelina Rupnik , Auteur ; Mehdi Daakir
, Auteur ; Marc Pierrot-Deseilligny
, Auteur
Année de publication : 2017 Projets : 1-Pas de projet / Paparoditis, Nicolas Article en page(s) : n° 14 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Photogrammétrie numérique
[Termes IGN] appariement d'images
[Termes IGN] appariement dense
[Termes IGN] compensation par faisceaux
[Termes IGN] logiciel libre
[Termes IGN] MicMac
[Termes IGN] structure-from-motionRésumé : (auteur) The publication familiarizes the reader with MicMac - a free, open-source photogrammetric software for 3D reconstruction. A brief history of the tool, its organisation and unique features vis-à-vis other software tools are in the highlight. The essential algorithmic aspects of the structure from motion and image dense matching problems are discussed from the implementation and the user’s viewpoints. Numéro de notice : A2017-908 Affiliation des auteurs : ENSG+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1186/s40965-017-0027-2 Date de publication en ligne : 05/06/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1186/s40965-017-0027-2 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94219
in Open Geospatial Data, Software and Standards > vol 2 (2017) . - n° 14[article]Mise en place d’une base de données sur les caractéristiques hydromorphologiques de cours d’eau en tête de bassin versant / Amélie Valsangiacomo (2017)
PermalinkMise en place d’un processus de dessin automatisé de plans d’intérieurs à partir de nuages de points acquis par LIDAR / Léa Talec (2017)
PermalinkModèle numérique de terrain par drone photogrammétrique sur le littoral de l’île d’Oléron / Steven Humbert (2017)
PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkA modelling framework for the study of Spatial Data Infrastructures applied to coastal management and planning / Jade Georis-Creuseveau in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 31 n° 1-2 (January - February 2017)
PermalinkPositional accuracy control in dense urban environment with low-cost receiver and multi-constellation GNSS / Yann Méneroux (2017)
PermalinkRefonte de l’intranet cartographique dynamique du Parc national de la Guadeloupe / Anthony Clet (2017)
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