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Titre : GEOPENSIM, un module de simulation des évolutions urbaines [diaporama] Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Anne Ruas , Auteur ; Annabelle Mas
, Auteur ; Julien Perret
, Auteur
Editeur : Saint-Mandé : Institut Géographique National - IGN (2008-2011) Année de publication : 2009 Projets : GeOpenSim / Ruas, Anne Conférence : Journées Recherche de l'IGN 2009, 18es journées 11/03/2009 12/03/2009 Saint-Mandé France OA program Importance : 54 p. Format : 30 x 21 cm Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique
[Termes IGN] agent (intelligence artificielle)
[Termes IGN] base de données localisées
[Termes IGN] base de données spatiotemporelles
[Termes IGN] carte topographique
[Termes IGN] données spatiotemporelles
[Termes IGN] Géoxygène (plateforme de généralisation)
[Termes IGN] image aérienne
[Termes IGN] milieu urbain
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] programmation par contraintes
[Termes IGN] simulationNuméro de notice : C2009-054 Affiliation des auteurs : COGIT (1988-2011) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Communication nature-HAL : ComSansActesPubliés-Unpublished DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=64210 Documents numériques
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Titre : GIS-based management and analysis of the geoglyphs in the Palpa region Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Martin Sauerbier, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 2009 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 104 Importance : 173 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906467-85-6 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] archéologie aérienne
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] données vectorielles
[Termes IGN] image aérienne
[Termes IGN] image Terra-ASTER
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface
[Termes IGN] orthoimage
[Termes IGN] orthophotographie
[Termes IGN] Pérou
[Termes IGN] photogrammétrie numérique
[Termes IGN] reconstruction 3D
[Termes IGN] site archéologique
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestre
[Termes IGN] visualisation 3DRésumé : (Auteur) This dissertation results from the work conducted by the author within the frame of the Nasca-Palpa project at the chair of photogrammetry and remote sensing of ETH Zurich. The work presented here reports on the work conducted at ETH Zurich during the Nasca/Palpa project with the focus on the investigation of the geoglyphs, also known as the Nosca lines, in the Palpa area. This thesis covers basically two main parts: Photogrammetric data acquisition, processing and geoglyph reconstruction for the Palpa region and the Pampa de Nasca and CIS-based management and analysis of the generated data, primarily for the geoglyphs of Palpa. The motivation behind this work was the need for suitable data management and analysis methods demanded by the involved archaeologists to enable a quantitative study of the spatial characteristics of the geoglyphs and the surrounding landscape in order to better understand the social and cultural meaning of the geoglyphs. Aside from the geoglyphs, a second class of figurative remains was investigated: The petroglyphs of Chichictara.
Complementary to the archaeological investigations of our project partners, namely the German Archaeological Institute (DAI-KAAK), Bonn, Germany), the author concentrated on methods for 3D data acquisition for archaeological purposes in large and medium scale with the focus on photogrammetric methods. Furthermore, a second important focus was laid on the design of a GIS database containing archaeological and spatial information and the development of analysis methods with respect to the spatial characteristics of the archaeological objects to be investigated, in this case the geoglyphs in the Nasca region and the petroglyphs of Chichictara in south Peru. The accomplished work resulted in a wide variety of data and derived products and analysis results which led to new insights in the historical function and meaning of the geoglyphs of Nasca. The generated data consists of Digital Terrain Models derived from aerial and satellite imagery, 3D vector data representing the geoglyphs, high resolution orthoimages and numerical results of analyses performed based on the generated spatial data.
The applied and developed methods aim to investigate the geoglyphs in a manner that should be as objective as possible, trying to answer concrete archaeological questions. Though manifold hypotheses on the geoglyphs exist, the aim was not to focus on a single one but given the data available to investigate especially those which imply a spatial character for the subset of geoglyphs of Palpa. The methods applied for data acquisition, object definition and quantitative analysis of the geoglyphs are an important achievement of this thesis and can be applied in future studies on more complete sets of geoglyph data as well as for similar studies in other areas of investigation. Analogue to the development of the GIS database for the geoglyphs, a database for petroglyph data was developed under consideration of the true 3D character of this rock art and its surrounding topography. The developed databases, tools and analysis methods described here represent a system that is suited as a basis for archaeological interpretation of the landscape decorations in the Nasca and Palpa region and provides even an enormous potential for further analyses to be accomplished in the future. At the present state, the database contains data on the geoglyphs of Palpa and of a subset of the petroglyphs at Chichictara. though the developed data structure enables an enhancement with further data on both, Nasca time geoglyphs and Paracas time petroglyphs, from other sites. Having these two valuable databases documenting the two classes of figures that engrave the landscape in such an impressive way, a wide range of possibilities of archaeological interpretation opens up for future work beyond this thesis, as well do the developed tools and methods presented here.
The author thanks the Swiss-Liechtenstein foundation for Archeological Research Abroad (SLSA), the AVINA foundation and ETH Zurich for their valuable support that enabled this thesis.Note de contenu : 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Goals
1.2 The Nasca/Palpa Project at ETH Zurich
1.3 Research Topics
1.4 Photogrammetric Mapping of Large Area CH Sites
1.5 Archaeological GIS
1.5.1 Added Value of Information Systems in Archaeology
1.5.2 Archaeological Requirements
1.5.3 Overview of Applications of GIS in Archaeology
1.5.4 Modeling the Temporal Component in GIS
1.5.5 GIS for Geoglyph Management and Analysis
1.6 Previous work related to the geoglyphs in Nasca and Palpa
1.6.1 Previous Work on Geoglyphs and Related Settlements in Nasca and Palpa
1.7 Rock Art Documentation and Data Management
2 Photogrammetric Processing
2.1 Image Data for 3D Reconstruction of the Pampa de Nasca
2.2 Photogrammetric Methods
2.3 Image Orientation
2.4 DTM Generation
2.5 Orthoimage Generation
2.6 Geoglyph Mapping
2.6.1 Stereoscopic Mapping of the Geoglyphs
2.6.2 Digital Monoplotting
2.6.3 Applicability of Satellite Imagery
2.6.4 Automation Issues on Geoglyph Mapping
2.7 A 3D Model from ASTER Images .
2.8 Image-based Modeling of the Petroglyphs of Chichictara
2.8.1 Terrestrial Laser Scanning for DTM Generation
2.8.2 Photogrammetric 3D Modeling of Petroglyph Rocks
2.8.3 Integration of the Textured 3D Models in the Laser Scan DTM
2.8.4 3D Digitization of the Petroglyphs
3 GIS-based Management of the Archaeological Data
3.1 Requirements of a GIS
3.2 Data Management
3.2.1 Requirements for a GIS for the Geoglyphs
3.2.2 Database Issues
3.2.3 GIS Software Issues '
3.3 Conceptual Data Modeling and Implementation Issues
3.3.1 A Data Model for the Geoglyphs .
3.3.2 A Metadata Model
3.4 A Petroglyph Information System
3.4.1 Requirements
3.4.2 Workflow for Petroglyph Data Management
3.4.3 Software Issues
3.4.4 Implementation of the Petroglyph Information System
4 GIS-based Analyses
4.1 Hypotheses and Verification
4.2 Queries and Statistical Analyses on Attribute Data
4.2.1 Queries Related to Object Definition
4.2.2 Queries for Data Retrieval
4.3 Spatial and Geometric Characteristics of the Geoglyphs
4.3.1 Straightness of Line-shaped Geoglyphs
4.3.2 Geoglyph Visibility
4.3.3 Interdependency of Spatial Variables
4.3.4 Analysis of the Influence of Spatial Variables
4.3.5 Orientations of the Palpa Geoglyphs
4.4 The Petroglyphs of Chichictara in their Natural Context
5 Visualization
5.1 3D Visualization of DTM and Orthomosaic
5.2 Visualization of Semantic and Spatial Analysis Results
5.2.1 Chronological Development of the Palpa Geoglyphs
5.2.2 Typological Differentiation of the Palpa Geoglyphs
5.2.3 3D Visualization of Spatial Analysis Results
6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
6.1 Photogrammetric Processing
6.2 Trends in Archaeological GIS
6.3 Recent Developments in GIS and DBMS Software and Future Trends
6.4 Results from Geoglyph Analysis
6.5 Future Perspectives Based on the Actual State of the ProjectNuméro de notice : 15507 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005940066 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62740 Réservation
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Titre : GPS based dynamic monitoring of air polluants in the city of Zurich Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Philippe Thomas Kehl, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Schweizerischen Geodatischen Kommission / Commission Géodésique Suisse Année de publication : 2009 Collection : Geodätisch-Geophysikalische Arbeiten in der Schweiz, ISSN 0257-1722 num. 78 Importance : 155 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-908440-22-2 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] données spatiotemporelles
[Termes IGN] polluant
[Termes IGN] pollution atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS
[Termes IGN] surveillance écologique
[Termes IGN] temps réel
[Termes IGN] Zurich (Suisse)Index. décimale : 30.83 Applications océanographiques de géodésie spatiale Résumé : (Auteur) Despite the decrease in road traffic emissions air pollutant concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, particulates and ozone often exceed the limit values at urban sites in Switzerland. This project aimed at providing a dynamic and real-time assessment of ambient air quality and at improving the understanding of the interaction between road traffic emissions and urban air quality. It is designed as a feasibility study for dynamic air-pollution measurements in the local scale. Three research topics were being pursued in this thesis : air quality monitoring, satellite based positioning (GPS) of a measurement system in an urban environment and the influence of road traffic emissions on the air quality in the city of Zurich.
The data analysed are based on the autonomous operation of a measuring system on a tram in regular service. A dedicated measurement system was built to measure the concentrations of the three most relevant air pollutants in Zurich. These are nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), aerosol particles (participate matter) and ozone (O3). Nitrogen oxides and ozone are measured using the standard techniques involving chemiluminescence of NO and UV absorption of O3, respectively. Particulates are measured using a diffusion charging particle sensor which suits the requirements for space, a short measurement period and resistance against vibrations. Furthermore meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity and pressure) were measured.
The tram was equipped with the measurement system. During two measurement campaigns in spring/summer 2005 and winter/spring 2005/06 the tram travelled on three different tram tracks, which cross the city in north-south or east-west direction. They represent the various characteristics of an urban environment, such as busy places and parts of the city without private road traffic. The measurements were being transferred in real-time using mobile communication technologies (GSM, GPRS). A web site was being updated in real-time with the position of the tram on a map, the measurements and the operating state of the measurement system and its sensors.
GPS was used for precise positioning and timing. Urban sites often degrade navigation accuracy and availability. Therefore, a suitable receiver was evaluated and techniques to provide precise and reliable positioning data were developed. The latter involves filtering and projective map-matching to exclude faulty positions and determine precise positions. Furthermore, standard position-time relations for the tram were determined to interpolate GPS outages, which last a few seconds up to a few dozens of seconds.
A dispersion modelling study was carried out for a 3-3 krn2 area in the inner city of Zurich using a state-of-the art numerical dispersion model. This involved the models NEMO (emissions from traffic), GRAMM (meteorology) and GRAL (dispersion) from the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics of the Graz University of Technology.
The feasibility of dynamic and real-time measurements and its limitations were shown by carrying out two measurement campaigns lasting 18 and 20 weeks in spring/summer 2005 and winter/spring 2005/06. The analysis of the measurements clearly show varying concentrations of air pollutants along the tram track as well as characteristic hot-spots at busy places.Note de contenu : 1 Introduction
2 Scientific Theory
2.1 Air pollution & emission sources
2.1.1 Nitrogen oxides
2.1.2 Ozone
2.1.3 Conversion between ppb and mass per volume units
2.1.4 Particulate matter
2.1.5 Smog
2.1.6 Ambient air quality standards and legislation
2.1.7 Air quality trends for Zurich
2.2 Global positioning system (GPS)
2.2.1 GPS constellation
2.2.2 Measurement principle
2.2.3 Sources of errors and accuracy
2.2.4 GPS in urban areas
2.2.5 Co-ordinate transformation
3 Measurement System
3.1 The measurement platform
3.2 The measurement system
3.3 Environmental sensors & measurement principles
3.3.1 Nitrogen oxides sensor
3.3.2 Ozone sensor
3.3.3 Particle sensor
3.3.4 Meteorological sensors
3.4 Positioning sensor & time reference
3.5 Power supply & control
3.6 Computer & data logger
3.7 Telemetry
4 Measurement Campaigns & Data Processing
4.1 Tram operation and tram lines
4.2 Measurement campaigns
4.2.1 Campaign #1
4.2.2 Campaign #2
4.2.3 Real-time visualisation of the measurements
4.3 Data post-processing
4.3.1 Database
4.3.2 Environmental measurements
4.3.3 GPS measurements
4.3.4 Map-matching and interpolation
4.3.5 Georeferencing
4.4 Permanent stations data
5 Data Analysis & Results
5.1 Overview over the available data
5.1.1 Raw time series
5.1.2 Daily mean values .
5.2 Data quality assessment
5.3 Data analysis & discussion .
5.3.1 Comparison of daily mean values
5.3.2 Comparison of monthly mean values
5.3.3 Limit value exceedances
5.3.4 Comparison of tram measurements at the UGZ permanent station
5.3.5 Summer 2005
5.3.6 Winter 2006
5.4 GPS performance analysis
6 Emission & Dispersion Modelling
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Modelling approach
6.3 Geometrical data
6.3.1 Topography (elevation model)
6.3.2 Buildings
6.4 Emission modelling
6.4.1 Overview
6.4.2 Input data
6.4.3 Results
6.5 Meteorological modelling (wind field simulations) .
6.5.1 Overview
6.5.2 Classification of weather situations
6.5.3 Calculation
6.5.4 Analysis
6.6 Dispersion modelling
6.6.1 Calculation
6.6.2 Results analysis
6.7 Comparison with measurements
6.7.1 Summer 2005
6.7.2 Comparison with the NABEL permanent station
6.7.3 Winter 2006
7 ConclusionsNuméro de notice : 15513 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Autre URL associée : URL ETH Zurich Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-005553378 En ligne : https://www.sgc.ethz.ch/sgc-volumes/sgk-78.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62746 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15513-01 30.83 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible IFSAR and LIDAR: the best of both worlds / Intermap technologies in GEO: Geoconnexion international, vol 8 n° 1 (january 2009)
[article]
Titre : IFSAR and LIDAR: the best of both worlds Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Intermap technologies, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp 40 - 42 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] coût
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] fiabilité des données
[Termes IGN] fusion de données multisource
[Termes IGN] interféromètrie par radar à antenne synthétique
[Termes IGN] Lidar
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] télémétrie laser aéroporté
[Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestreRésumé : (Auteur) Intermap Technologies looks at producing a cost-effective and reliable data fusion solution. Copyright Geo:Geoconnexion Numéro de notice : A2009-090 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29720
in GEO: Geoconnexion international > vol 8 n° 1 (january 2009) . - pp 40 - 42[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 062-09011 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible A multi-directional ground filtering algorithm for airborne LIDAR / X. Meng in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 64 n° 1 (January - February 2009)
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[article]
Titre : A multi-directional ground filtering algorithm for airborne LIDAR Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : X. Meng, Auteur ; L. Wang, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp 117 - 124 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] algorithme de filtrage
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] Kappa de Cohen
[Termes IGN] modèle 3D de l'espace urbain
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] signal laserRésumé : (Auteur) Automatic ground filtering for Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) data is a critical process for Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and three-dimensional urban model generation. Although researchers have developed many methods to separate bare ground from other urban features, the problem has not been fully solved due to the similar characteristics possessed by ground and non-ground objects, especially on abrupt surfaces. Current methods can be grouped into two major categories: neighborhood-based approaches and directional filtering. In this study, following the direction of the second branch, we propose a new Multi-directional Ground Filtering (MGF) algorithm to incorporate a two-dimensional neighborhood in the directional scanning so as to prevent the errors introduced by the sensitivity to directions. Besides this, the MGF algorithm explores the utility of identifying pattern varieties in different directions across an image. The authors conducted a comprehensive test of the performance on fifteen study sites and compared our results to eight other publicized methods based on the Kappa coefficients calculated from the error matrices reported by ISPRS. Overall, the MGF filter produces a promising performance in both urban and forest areas. The size and shape of non-ground objects do not pose significant influence on the performance of the MGF algorithm. The fact that MGF algorithm is robust to two commonly required parameters, slope and elevation difference thresholds, has added practical merits to be adopted in different landscapes. Copyright ISPRS Numéro de notice : A2009-031 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.09.001 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.09.001 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29661
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 64 n° 1 (January - February 2009) . - pp 117 - 124[article]Réservation
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