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Termes IGN > géomatique > système d'information géographique
système d'information géographiqueSynonyme(s)Système d'information sur le territoire ;système d'information localisée ;système d'information à référence spatiale ;SIRS ;SIG gisVoir aussi |
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Geographical Information 97: from research to application through cooperation, Third joint European conference & exhibition on Geographical Information [AM-FM], 1. Volume 1 / S. Hodgson (1997)
Voir aussiContient
- Visualization strategies and techniques for high-dimensional spatio-temporal data / U. Streit (16/04/1997)
- Geographical information technology as a planning tool / Stan Geertman (16/04/1997)
- 3D-GIS for urban planning : objet hierarchy, methods and interactivity / A. Koninger (16/04/1997)
- The ruimpad design module : a GIS tool to support integration of urban and transportation planning / M. Van Der Vlugt (16/04/1997)
- Urban land use data spatio-temporal modelling / P. Serra (16/04/1997)
- Integrated city management system-decentralised information service / I. Nikl (16/04/1997)
- Multi-parameter visualisation of 3D-4D spatio-temporal data / I.M. Brown (06/04/1997)
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 66170-01A CG.97 Livre Centre de documentation Congrès Disponible Geographical Information 97: from research to application through cooperation, Third joint European conference & exhibition on Geographical Information [AM-FM], 2. Volume 2 / S. Hodgson (1997)
Titre de série : Geographical Information 97: from research to application through cooperation, Third joint European conference & exhibition on Geographical Information [AM-FM], 2 Titre : Volume 2 Type de document : Actes de congrès Auteurs : S. Hodgson, Éditeur scientifique ; Massimo Rumor, Éditeur scientifique ; EGIS, Auteur ; Janjaap Harts, Éditeur scientifique ; Urban data management society, Auteur Editeur : Oxford, Amsterdam, ... : IOS Press Année de publication : 1997 Conférence : GI 1997, 3rd joint European conference & exhibition 1997 on Geographical Information 16/04/1997 18/04/1997 Vienne Autriche Importance : 764 p. Format : 16 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-4-274-90156-0 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Information géographique
[Termes IGN] aménagement
[Termes IGN] Autriche
[Termes IGN] cadastre
[Termes IGN] cartographie
[Termes IGN] environnement
[Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique)
[Termes IGN] formation
[Termes IGN] formation continue
[Termes IGN] grande échelle
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueNuméro de notice : 66170B Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Actes Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=36949 Voir aussiContientRéservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 66170-01B CG.97 Livre Centre de documentation Congrès Disponible
Titre : Geographical Information Systems and computer cartography Type de document : Guide/Manuel Auteurs : Christopher B. Jones, Auteur Mention d'édition : 1 Editeur : Londres : Longman Group Année de publication : 1997 Importance : 319 p. Format : 19 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-582-04439-5 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Systèmes d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] acquisition de données
[Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] cartographie numérique
[Termes IGN] données localisées
[Termes IGN] généralisation
[Termes IGN] interpolation
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] modélisation spatiale
[Termes IGN] norme d'échange de données localisées
[Termes IGN] numérisation
[Termes IGN] projection
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Termes IGN] rastérisation
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] système de coordonnées
[Termes IGN] système de gestion de base de données
[Termes IGN] transformation de coordonnées
[Termes IGN] vectorisation
[Termes IGN] visualisation cartographiqueRésumé : (Documentaliste) Après avoir situé les SIG dans l'évolution historique et avoir évoqué à quoi ils peuvent s'appliquer, C. Jones décrit les concepts et les modèles de l'information géographique. Il développe ensuite les grandes fonctionnalités d'un SIG, en quatre parties. 1- L'acquisition des données nécessite de comprendre les systèmes de référence géodésiques et les projections cartographiques, la numérisation des données et les caractères des données de la télédétection, la qualité des données et les formats d'échange ainsi que la conversion du mode vectoriel au mode maillé et inversement. 2- L'archivage et la recherche des données insiste sur les modes de stockage, les systèmes de gestion de bases de données et les modes d'accès aux données. 3- L'analyse spatiale s'appuie sur la modélisation de surfaces et l'interpolation spatiale et aborde les procédures d'analyse multicritère, de programmation linéaire, de système expert et certains algorithmes. 4- La visualisation est évoquée au travers des techniques d'affichage, de la communication cartographique et de la généralisation cartographique. Note de contenu : Part 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Origins and applications
Introduction
Cartography and GIS
The relationship of GIS to other fields
Uses of geographical information systems
Surveying and monitoring
Utilities maintenance
Navigation
Public administration
Marketing and retailing
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 2 Geographical information concepts and spatial models
Introduction
Semantics
Statistics
Spatial information
Temporal information
Conceptual models of spatial information
Representations of geographic information
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 3 GIS functionality: an overview
Introduction
Data acquisition
Preliminary data processing
Data storage and retrieval
Spatial search and analysis
Graphics and interaction
Summary
Further reading
Part 2 Acquisition and Preprocessing of Geo-referenced Data
Chapter 4 Coordinate systems, transformations and map projections
Introduction
The shape of the earth
Planar rectangular coordinates
Measurements with rectangular coordinate systems
Polar coordinates on the plane
Spherical coordinates
Geometry of the spheroid
Geometric transformations in rectangular coordinate systems
Changing between rectangular coordinate systems
Map projections
Choosing a map projection
Analytical transformations
Rubber sheet transformations
Global hierarchical tessellations
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 5 Digitising, editing and structuring map data
Introduction
Manual digitising
Error detection and correction
Integration of digital map data from multiple maps and sources
Semi-automatic line-following digitisers
Full-document scanners
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 6 Primary data acquisition from ground and remote surveys
Introduction
Ground-based surveys
Remote sensing
Image processing of remotely sensed data
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 7 Data quality and data exchange standards
Introduction
Accuracy
Precision
Spatial resolution
Scale
Error
Sources of inaccuracy
Data transfer standards
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 8 Vector to raster and raster to vector conversions
Introduction
Vector to raster conversion
Raster to vector conversion
Summary
Further reading
Part 3 Data Storage and Retrieval
Chapter 9 Computer data storage
Introduction
Units of stored information
Two simple file structures for storing vector data
Raster data storage
Character files and binary files
File organisations
Linked lists and chains
Trees
B-trees
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 10 Database management systems
Introduction
Desirable characteristics of database management systems
Components of a database management system
Understanding the data: conceptual modelling
Semantic modelling
Logical models for database implementation
The relational model
Object-oriented databases
Deductive databases
Spatial query languages
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 11 Spatial data access methods for points, lines and polygons
Introduction
General principles of spatial data access and search
Regular decomposition
Object-directed decomposition
Multi-resolution spatial data access methods
Geometric intersection and determination of topological relationships
Summary
Further reading
Part 4 Spatial Data Modelling and Analysis
Chapter 12 Surface modelling and spatial interpolation
Introduction
Surface representation methods
Simple weighted interpolation from point samples
Spatial autocorrelation
Kriging
Areal interpolation
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 13 Techniques in spatial decision support
Introduction
Land suitability and multi-criteria evaluation
Linear programming
Rule-based systems
Network analyses
Spatial interaction modelling
Genetic algorithms
Summary
Further reading
Part 5 Graphics and Cartography
Chapter 14 Computer graphics technology for display and interaction
Introduction
Screen display technologies
Hard copy devices
Colour specification and transformation
Interactive input devices
Graphics programming software systems
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 15 Cartographic communication and visualisation
Introduction
Graphic symbology
Graphic variables
Issues in map design
Text placement
Visualisation of 3D data
Interactive cartography
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 16 Map generalisation
Introduction
Semantic generalisation
Geometric generalisation
Process control
Summary
Further readingNuméro de notice : 67728 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Manuel de cours Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=49152 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 67728-01 37.30 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 67728-02 37.30 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible
Titre : GIS-basierte Quantifizierung der Denudation im Zentralen Kenia Rift Titre original : [Quantification basée sur le SIG de la dénudation du rift central au Kenya] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : S. Rössner, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 1997 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 475 Importance : 111 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9515-1 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] données géologiques
[Termes IGN] érosion
[Termes IGN] géologie locale
[Termes IGN] Kenya
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] point de vérification
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS
[Termes IGN] rift
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] variabilitéRésumé : (Auteur) In this work a GIS-based approach for quantification of average surface lowering (denudation) was developed. The goal in using a GIS (Geographic Information System) was to explore the methodological opportunities of a GIS in order to obtain spatially high-resolution denudation rates which form the basis for investigations of the regional variability of denudation and its relationship to other landscape-forming factors.
Such a spatially differentiated view of denudation requires a landscape frame of reference which allows direct quantification of the amount of eroded material in the source area of denudation. Within the Bahati-Kinangop Plateau (Central Kenya Rift) this condition is fulfilled for a 700 sq. km. area, where the highest topography is formed by relict elements of a dated erosional surface. These relict parts of the present relief are used to reconstruct the pre-erosional surface at the time when the plateau came into existence (about 3 Ma ago). The elevation difference between the pre-erosional and the present relief represents the amount of denudation since plateau formation. Thus, present topography is a direct measure of the long-term avarage intensity of denudation during the last 3 Ma in this area.
Calculation of denudation rates using the elevation difference method consisted of several steps. It included the derivation of modelling assumptions which were needed for reconstruction of the initial plateau surface based on the geological-tectonic evolution of the area. Additionally, the analogous geo-scientific and topographic data had to be integrated into a digital database in order to perform a quantification of denudation rates within a GIS.
Due to the close morphological relationship between inital and present surfaces, the generation of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the present surface formed the starting point of the GIS-based data analysis. This DEM was obtained from contours of the 1:50.000 topographic maps by creating a triangulated irregular network (TIN) forming the basis for a regular raster interpolation. In order to achieve an average height accuracy in the range of half of an equidistance, a control point based approach was developed. It assess the height accuracy of the DEM in relation to map control points as well as to the real surface as determined by relative GPS measurements in the field.
The reconstruction of the initial plateau surface is based on a combined analysis of topographic and geological information within the GIS which resulted in 96 relict surface elements representing the input information for digital modelling of the pre-erosional relief. Plausibility checks showed that the generated initial surface is in overall accordance to the modelling assumptions. The denudation rates which were derived from the elevation differences between the two DEMs vary between 1 and 20 m/Ma in about 75 % of the study area. The most deeply eroded areas are characterized by rates between 45 and 100 m/Ma and are limited to 5 % of the area. The relict parts of the relief with denudation rates between 0 and 1 m/Ma occupy about 5 % of the area. These results compare well with rates typical for tectonically stable highland areas of Africa.
This GIS-based approach allows assessment of denuation rates in a well understood and reliable way. The results are characterized by a high spatial resolution which has not been obtained so far by other methods used for quantification of denudation. These high resolution rates offer the opportunity of a differentiated regional analysis. As long-term avarage rates they reflect the natural intensity of denudation. Such information are of special value in this area of present intense farming, because they can be used for estimating the influence of human landuse on the intensity of denudation.
(Auteur)In this work a GIS-based approach for quantification of average surface lowering (denudation) was developed. The goal in using a GIS (Geographic Information System) was to explore the methodological opportunities of a GIS in order to obtain spatially high-resolution denudation rates which form the basis for investigations of the regional variability of denudation and its relationship to other landscape-forming factors.
Such a spatially differentiated view of denudation requires a landscape frame of reference which allows direct quantification of the amount of eroded material in the source area of denudation. Within the Bahati-Kinangop Plateau (Central Kenya Rift) this condition is fulfilled for a 700 sq. km. area, where the highest topography is formed by relict elements of a dated erosional surface. These relict parts of the present relief are used to reconstruct the pre-erosional surface at the time when the plateau came into existence (about 3 Ma ago). The elevation difference between the pre-erosional and the present relief represents the amount of denudation since plateau formation. Thus, present topography is a direct measure of the long-term avarage intensity of denudation during the last 3 Ma in this area.
Calculation of denudation rates using the elevation difference method consisted of several steps. It included the derivation of modelling assumptions which were needed for reconstruction of the initial plateau surface based on the geological-tectonic evolution of the area. Additionally, the analogous geo-scientific and topographic data had to be integrated into a digital database in order to perform a quantification of denudation rates within a GIS.
Due to the close morphological relationship between inital and present surfaces, the generation of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the present surface formed the starting point of the GIS-based data analysis. This DEM was obtained from contours of the 1:50.000 topographic maps by creating a triangulated irregular network (TIN) forming the basis for a regular raster interpolation. In order to achieve an average height accuracy in the range of half of an equidistance, a control point based approach was developed. It assess the height accuracy of the DEM in relation to map control points as well as to the real surface as determined by relative GPS measurements in the field.
The reconstruction of the initial plateau surface is based on a combined analysis of topographic and geological information within the GIS which resulted in 96 relict surface elements representing the input information for digital modelling of the pre-erosional relief. Plausibility checks showed that the generated initial surface is in overall accordance to the modelling assumptions. The denudation rates which were derived from the elevation differences between the two DEMs vary between 1 and 20 m/Ma in about 75 % of the study area. The most deeply eroded areas are characterized by rates between 45 and 100 m/Ma and are limited to 5 % of the area. The relict parts of the relief with denudation rates between 0 and 1 m/Ma occupy about 5 % of the area. These results compare well with rates typical for tectonically stable highland areas of Africa.
This GIS-based approach allows assessment of denuation rates in a well understood and reliable way. The results are characterized by a high spatial resolution which has not been obtained so far by other methods used for quantification of denudation. These high resolution rates offer the opportunity of a differentiated regional analysis. As long-term avarage rates they reflect the natural intensity of denudation. Such information are of special value in this area of present intense farming, because they can be used for estimating the influence of human landuse on the intensity of denudation.Numéro de notice : 28015 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=63362 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 28015-01 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 28015-02 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible
Titre : GIS online : information retrieval, mapping, and the internet Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : B. Plewe, Auteur Mention d'édition : 1 Editeur : Sante Fe [Nouveau-Mexique - Etats-Unis] : OnWord Press Année de publication : 1997 Importance : 312 p. Format : 18 x 23 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-56690-137-6 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Systèmes d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] cartographie par internet
[Termes IGN] géomatique web
[Termes IGN] partage de données localisées
[Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] serveur web
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueNuméro de notice : 66996 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=61686 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 66996-01 37.30 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 66996-04 37.30 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 66996-03 DEP-TRS Livre LASTIG Dépôt en unité Exclu du prêt 66996-02 DEP-CI Livre Saint-Mandé Dépôt en unité Exclu du prêt PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkIntercarto 3, GIS for Environmentally sustainable development / International cartographic association = association cartographique internationale (1997)
PermalinkInternational workshop [on] Application of remote sensing European forest monitoring, Proceedings, Vienna, Austria, 14th - 16th October 1996 / P.J. Kennedy (1997)
PermalinkMise à jour d'une base de données VMap1 pour un système projeté à but cartographique / Danny Laude (1997)
PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkMise en place d'un processus d'appariement dans le cadre de l'intégration des bases de données BD topo et Géoroute / P. Branly (1997)
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