Centre de documentation
scientifique

Measurements for terrestrial vegetation / Charles D. Bonham (2013)

Public Titre : Measurements for terrestrial vegetation Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Charles D. Bonham, Auteur Mention d'édition : 2 Editeur : Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2013 Importance : 246 p. Format : 17 x 25 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-470-97258-8 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes IGN] biomasse [Termes IGN] densité de la végétation [Termes IGN] image satellite [Termes IGN] peuplement végétal [Termes IGN] surveillance de la végétation Résumé : (Editeur) This book presents up-to-date methods for analyzing species frequency, plant cover, density and biomass data. Each method is presented in detail with a full discussion of its strengths and weaknesses from field applications through statistical characteristics of bias and use of the correct probability distribution to describe and analyze data. This practical book also covers the use of satellite imagery to obtain measurement data on cover, density and biomass. Field data collection includes current applications of statistical sampling and analysis designs that should be used to obtain and analyze these data. This new and thoroughly updated edition of a classic text will be essential reading for everyone involved in measuring and assessing vegetation and plant biomass, including researchers and practitioners in vegetation science, plant ecology, forestry, global change scientists and conservation scientists. * Provides a comprehensive catalogue of sampling, surveying and measuring techniques in vegetation science * Updated to include new technologies and developments in the field * New coverage of prediction models for large areas, including satellite mapping and remote sensing techniques * Includes up-to-date applications of statistical sampling and analysis designs used to obtain and analyse data Reviews the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, allowing an informed choice of alternative approaches * Clear diagrams to explain best-practice in methodology. Note de contenu : 1. Introduction 2. Sampling units for measurements 3. Statistical concepts for field sampling 4. Spatial sampling designs for measurements 5. Frequency 6. Cover 7. Density 8. Biomass 9. Monitoring and evalutation Numéro de notice : 20990 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=63196

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Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
20990-01	48.00	Livre	Centre de documentation	Végétation - Forêt	Disponible

Vegetation ecology / Eddy Van Der Maarel (2013)

Public Titre : Vegetation ecology Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Eddy Van Der Maarel, Éditeur scientifique ; Janet Franklin, Éditeur scientifique Mention d'édition : 2 Editeur : Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2013 Importance : 556 p. Format : 18 x 25 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4443-3888-1 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes IGN] carte de la végétation [Termes IGN] couvert végétal [Termes IGN] écosystème [Termes IGN] flore locale [Termes IGN] patrimoine naturel [Termes IGN] peuplement végétal Résumé : (Editeur) This book is a comprehensive, integrated account of plant communities and their environments. Written by leading experts in their field from four continents, the second edition of this book: - covers the composition, structure, ecology, dynamics, diversity, biotic interactions and distribution of plant communities, with an emphasis on functional adaptations; - reviews modern developments in vegetation ecology in a historical perspective; - presents a coherent view on vegetation ecology while integrating population ecology, dispersal biology, soil biology, ecosystem ecology and global change studies; - tackles applied aspects of vegetation ecology, including management of communities and invasive species; - includes new chapters addressing the classification and mapping of vegetation, and the significance of plant functional types. This book is aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers and teachers in plant ecology, geography, forestry and nature conservation. It takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach and will be welcomed as an essential reference for plant ecologists the world over. Note de contenu : 1. Vegetation Ecology: Historical Notes and Outline / Eddy van der Maarel and Janet Franklin 1.1 Vegetation ecology at the community level 1.2 Internal organization of plant communities 1.3 Structure and function in plant communities and ecosystems 1.4 Human impact on plant communities 1.5 Vegetation ecology at regional to global scales 1.6 Epilogue 2. Classification of Natural and Semi-natural Vegetation / Robert K. Peet and David W. Roberts 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Classification frameworks: history and function 2.3 Components of vegetation classifi cation 2.4 Project planning and data acquisition 2.5 Data preparation and integration 2.6 Community entitation 2.7 Cluster assessment 2.8 Community characterization 2.9 Community determination 2.10 Classifi cation integration 2.11 Documentation 2.12 Future directions and challenges 3. Vegetation and Environment: Discontinuities and Continuities / Mike P. Austin 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Early history 3.3 Development of numerical methods 3.4 Current theory: continuum and community 3.5 Current indirect ordination methods 3.6 Species distribution modelling or direct gradient analysis 3.7 Synthesis 4. Vegetation Dynamics / Steward T.A. Pickett, Mary L. Cadenasso and Scott J. Meiners 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The causes of vegetation dynamics 4.3 Succession in action: interaction of causes in different places 4.4 Common characteristics across successions 4.5 Summary 5. Clonality in the Plant Community / Brita M. Svensson, Hakan Rydin and Bengt A. Carlsson 5.1 Modularity and clonality 5.2 Where do we fi nd clonal plants? 5.3 Habitat exploitation by clonal growth 5.4 Transfer of resources and division of labour 5.5 Competition and co-existence in clonal plants 5.6 Clonality and herbivory 6. Seed Ecology and Assembly Rules in Plant Communities / Peter Poschlod, Mehdi Abedi, Maik Bartelheimer, Juliane Drobnik, Sergey Rosbakh and Arne Saatkamp 6.1 Ecological aspects of diaspore regeneration 6.2 Brief historical review 6.3 Dispersal 6.4 Soil seed bank persistence 6.5 Germination and establishment 6.6 Ecological databases on seed ecological traits 6.7 Seed ecological spectra of plant communities 6.8 Seed ecological traits as limiting factors for plant species occurrence and assembly 6.9 Seed ecological traits and species co-existence in plant communities 7. Species Interactions Structuring Plant Communities / Jelte van Andel 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Types of interaction 7.3 Competition 7.4 Allelopathy 7.5 Parasitism 7.6 Facilitation 7.7 Mutualism 7.8 Complex species interactions affecting community structure 7.9 Assembly rules 8. Terrestrial Plant-Herbivore Interactions: Integrating Across Multiple Determinants and Trophic Levels / Mahesh Sankaran and Samuel J. McNaughton 8.1 Herbivory: pattern and process 8.2 Coping with herbivory 8.3 The continuum from symbiotic to parasitic 8.4 Community level effects of herbivory 8.5 Integrating herbivory with ecosystem ecology 9. Interactions Between Higher Plants and Soil-dwelling Organisms / Thomas W. Kuyper and Ron G.M. de Goede 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Ecologically important biota in the rhizosphere 9.3 The soil community as cause and consequence of plant community composition 9.4 Specifi city and selectivity 9.5 Feedback mechanisms 9.6 Soil communities and invasive plants 9.7 Mutualistic root symbioses and nutrient partitioning in plant communities 9.8 Mycorrhizal networks counteracting plant competition? 9.9 Pathogenic soil organisms and nutrient dynamics 9.10 After description 10. Vegetation and Ecosystem / Christoph Leuschner 10.1 The ecosystem concept 10.2 The nature of ecosystems 10.3 Energy fl ow and trophic structure 10.4 Biogeochemical cycles 11. Diversity and Ecosystem Function / Jan Leps 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Measurement of species diversity 11.3 Determinants of species diversity in the plant community 11.4 Patterns of species richness along gradients 11.5 Stability 11.6 On the causal relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning 12 Plant Functional Types and Traits at the Community, Ecosystem and World Level / Andrew N. Gillison 12.1 The quest for a functional paradigm 12.2 Form and function: evolution of the 'functional' concept in plant ecology 12.3 The development of functional typology 12.4 Plant strategies, trade-offs and functional types 12.5 The mass ratio hypothesis 12.6 Functional diversity and complexity 12.7 Moving to a trait-based ecology – response and effect traits 12.8 Plant functional types and traits as bioindicators 12.9 Environmental monitoring 12.10 Trait-baed climate modelling 12.11 Scaling across community, ecosystem and world level 12.12 Discussion 13. Plant Invasions and Invasibility of Plant Communities / Marcel Rejmanek, David M. Richardson and Petr Pysek 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Defi nitions and major patterns 13.3 Invasibility of plant communities 13.4 Habitat compatibility 13.5 Propagule pressure and residence time 13.6 What are the attributes of successful invaders? 13.7 Impact of invasive plants, justifi cation and prospects of eradication projects 14. Vegetation Conservation, Management and Restoration / Jan P. Bakker 14.1 Introduction 14.2 From agricultural exploitation to nature conservation 14.3 Vegetation management in relation to a hierarchy of environmental processes 14.4 Laissez-faire and the wilderness concept 14.5 Management and restoration imply setting targets 14.6 Setting targets implies monitoring 14.7 Effects of management and restoration practices 14.8 Constraints in management and restoration 14.9 Strategies in management and restoration 15. Vegetation Types and Their Broad-scale Distribution / Elgene O. Box and Kazue Fujiwara 15.1 Introduction: vegetation and plant community 15.2 Form and function, in plants and vegetation 15.3 Vegetation types 15.4 Distribution of the main world vegetation types 15.5 Regional vegetation 15.6 Vegetation modelling and mapping at broad scales 15.7 Vegetation and global change 16. Mapping Vegetation from Landscape to Regional Scales / Janet Franklin 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Scale and vegetation mapping 16.3 Data for vegetation mapping 16.4 Methods for vegetation mapping 16.5 Examples of recent vegetation maps illustrating their different uses 16.6 Dynamic vegetation mapping 16.7 Future of vegetation mapping research and practice 17. Vegetation Ecology and Global Change / Brian Huntley and Robert Baxter 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Vegetation and climatic change 17.3 Confounding effects of other aspects of global change 17.4 Conclusions Numéro de notice : 20987 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41856

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Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
20987-01	48.00	Livre	Centre de documentation	Végétation - Forêt	Disponible

The map reader / Martin Dodge (2011)

Public Titre : The map reader : Theories of mapping practice and cartographic representation Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Martin Dodge, Éditeur scientifique ; R. Kitchin, Éditeur scientifique ; C. Perkins, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2011 Importance : 478 p. Format : 20 x 27 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-470-74283-9 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie [Termes IGN] cartographie par internet [Termes IGN] cartographie statistique [Termes IGN] données localisées des bénévoles [Termes IGN] données spatiotemporelles [Termes IGN] lecture de carte [Termes IGN] représentation cartographique [Termes IGN] sémiologie graphique [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique Résumé : (Editeur) The Map Reader provides, for the first time, a single source of all the important literature on maps. It is a comprehensive and coherent edited compendium of key writing about the nature of mapping practices from the last hundred years. The editorial selection of fifty classic and thought provoking texts demonstrates how cartography works as a powerful representational form and also explores how different mapping practices have been conceptualised. Themes covered include paradigms, politics, people, aesthetics and technology. Excerpts are drawn from leading scholars and researchers in a range of cognate fields, including, cartography, architecture, art, media theory and graphic design. The editors provide original thematic essays that set the literature into intellectual context. The Map Reader is also illustrated with colour plates of significant maps and the all readings are helpfully integrated with a unified bibliography and comprehensive keyword and author index. The Map Reader will bring together in a single authoritative source classic and hard to find articles relating to mapping, and introduce the changing significance of the field by situating these pieces with carefully crafted interpretative essay from the editors. Note de contenu : Colour Plate One: Cartographic Production SECTION 1 Conceptualising Mapping 1.1 Introductory Essay: Conceptualising Mapping (Rob Kitchin, Martin Dodge and Chris Perkins) 1.2 General Theory, from Semiology of Graphics (Jacques Bertin) 1.3 On Maps and Mapping, from The Nature of Maps: Essays Toward Understanding Maps and Mapping (Arthur H. Robinson and Barbara B. Petchenik) 1.4 The Science of Cartography and its Essential Processes (Joel L. Morrison) 1.5 Analytical Cartography (Waldo R. Tobler) 1.6 Cartographic Communication (Christopher Board) 1.7 Design on Signs / Myth and Meaning in Maps (Denis Wood and John Fels) 1.8 Deconstructing the Map (J.B. Harley) 1.9 Drawing Things Together (Bruno Latour) 1.10 Cartography Without 'Progress': Reinterpreting the Nature and Historical Development of Mapmaking (Matthew H. Edney) 1.11 Exploratory Cartographic Visualisation: Advancing the Agenda (Alan M. MacEachren and Menno-Jan Kraak) 1.12 The Agency of Mapping: Speculation, Critique and Invention (James Corner) 1.13 Beyond the 'Binaries': A Methodological Intervention for Interrogating Maps as Representational Practices (Vincent J. Del Casino Jr. and Stephen P. Hanna) 1.14 Rethinking Maps (Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge) Colour Plate Two: Mapping the Internet SECTION 2 Technologies of Mapping 2.1 Introductory Essay: Technologies of Mapping (Martin Dodge, Rob Kitchin and Chris Perkins) 2.2 A Century of Cartographic Change, from Technological Transition in Cartography (Mark S. Monmonier) 2.3 Manufacturing Metaphors: Public Cartography, the Market, and Democracy (Patrick H. McHaffie) 2.4 Maps and Mapping Technologies of the Persian Gulf War (Keith C. Clarke) 2.5 Automation and Cartography (Waldo R. Tobler) 2.6 Cartographic Futures on a Digital Earth (Michael F. Goodchild) 2.7 Cartography and Geographic Information Systems (Phillip C. Muehrcke) 2.8 Remote Sensing of Urban/Suburban Infrastructure and Socio-Economic Attributes (John R. Jensen and Dave C. Cowen) 2.9 Emergence of Map Projections, from Flattening the Earth: Two Thousand Years of Map Projections (John P. Synder) 2.10 Mobile Mapping: An Emerging Technology for Spatial Data Acquisition (Rongxing Li) 2.11 Extending the Map Metaphor Using Web Delivered Multimedia (William Cartwright) 2.12 Imaging the World: The State of Online Mapping (Tom Geller) Colour Plate Three: Pictorial Mapping SECTION 3 Cartographic Aesthetics and Map Design 3.1 Introductory Essay: Cartographic Aesthetics and Map Design (Chris Perkins, Martin Dodge and Rob Kitchin) 3.2 Interplay of Elements, from Cartographic Relief Presentation (Eduard Imhof) 3.3 Cartography as a Visual Technique, from The Look of Maps (Arthur H. Robinson) 3.4 Generalisation in Statistical Mapping (George F. Jenks) 3.5 Strategies for the Visualisation of Geographic Time-Series Data (Mark Monmonier) 3.6 The Roles of Maps, from Some Truth with Maps: A Primer on Symbolization and Design (Alan M. MacEachren) 3.7 Area Cartograms: Their Use and Creation (Daniel Dorling) 3.8 ColorBrewer.org: An Online Tool for Selecting Colour Schemes for Maps (Mark Harrower and Cynthia A. Brewer) 3.9 Maps, Mapping, Modernity: Art and Cartography in the Twentieth Century (Denis Cosgrove) 3.10 Affective Geovisualisations (Stuart Aitken and James Craine) 3.11 Egocentric Design of Map-Based Mobile Services (Liqiu Meng) 3.12 The Geographic Beauty of a Photographic Archive (Jason Dykes and Jo Wood) Colour Plate Four: Visualising Cartographic Colour Schemes and Mapping Spatial Information Space SECTION 4 Cognition and Cultures of Mapping 4.1 Introductory Essay: Cognition and Cultures of Mapping (Chris Perkins, Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge) 4.2 Map Makers are Human: Comments on the Subjective in Maps (John K. Wright) 4.3 Cognitive Maps and Spatial Behaviour: Process and Products (Roger M. Downs and David Stea) 4.4 Natural Mapping (James M. Blaut) 4.5 The Map as Biography: Thoughts on Ordnance Survey Map, Six-Inch Sheet Devonshire CIX, SE, Newton Abbot (J.B. Harley) 4.6 Reading Maps (Eileen Reeves) 4.7 Mapping Reeds and Reading Maps: The Politics of Representation in Lake Titicaca (Benjamin S. Orlove) 4.8 Refiguring Geography: Parish Maps of Common Ground (David Crouch and David Matless) 4.9 Understanding and Learning Maps (Robert Lloyd) 4.10 Citizens as Sensors: The World of Volunteered Geography (Michael F. Goodchild) 4.11 Usability Evaluation of Web Mapping Sites (Annu-Maaria Nivala, Stephen Brewster and L. Tiina Sarjakoski) Colour Plate Five: Visualising the Efforts of Volunteer Cartographers SECTION 5 Power and Politics of Mapping 5.1 Introductory Essay: Power and Politics of Mapping (Rob Kitchin, Martin Dodge and Chris Perkins) 5.2 The Time and Space of the Enlightenment Project, from The Condition of Postmodernity (David Harvey) 5.3 Texts, Hermeneutics and Propaganda Maps (John Pickles) 5.4 Mapping: A New Technology of Space; Geo-Body, from Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation (Thongchai Winichakul) 5.5 First Principles of a Literary Cartography, from Territorial Disputes: Maps and Mapping Strategies in Contemporary Canadian and Australian Fiction (Graham Huggan) 5.6 Whose Woods are These? Counter-Mapping Forest Territories in Kalimantan, Indonesia (Nancy Lee Peluso) 5.7 A Map that Roared and an Original Atlas: Canada, Cartography, and the Narration of Nation (Matthew Sparke) 5.8 Cartographic Rationality and the Politics of Geosurveillance and Security (Jeremy W. Crampton) 5.9 Affecting Geospatial Technologies: Toward a Feminist Politics of Emotion (Mei-Po Kwan) 5.10 Queering the Map: The Productive Tensions of Colliding Epistemologies (Michael Brown and Larry Knopp) 5.11 Mapping the Digital Empire: Google Earth and the Process of Postmodern Cartography (Jason Farman) Colour Plate Six: Cartographies of Protest Numéro de notice : 20565 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41809

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Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
20565-02	DEP-TRS	Livre	LASTIG	Dépôt en unité	Exclu du prêt

Understanding sea-level rise and variability / J.A. Church (2010)

Public Titre : Understanding sea-level rise and variability Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : J.A. Church, Éditeur scientifique ; Philip L. Woodworth, Éditeur scientifique ; T. Aarup, Éditeur scientifique ; et al., Auteur Editeur : Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Année de publication : 2010 Importance : 428 p. Format : 19 x 25 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4443-3451-7 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] niveau de la mer [Termes IGN] océanographie dynamique [Termes IGN] repère de référence [Termes IGN] salinité [Termes IGN] série temporelle [Termes IGN] surcharge océanique [Termes IGN] variation séculaire [Vedettes matières IGN] Altimétrie Index. décimale : 30.52 Marégraphie et niveau moyen des mers Résumé : (Auteur) Sea-level rise is one of the most obvious manifestations of anthropogenic climate change, and it directly threatens coasts as a result of increased erosion, more frequent storm-surge flooding and loss of habitat. However, the wide range of uncertainty in projections of global and regional sea-level rise presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a significant hindrance in agreeing to appropriate mitigation levels and in planning adaptation measures. A workshop in June 2006, organized under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) to address this issue, led to publication of this book. Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability identifies the major impacts of sea-level rise, presents up-to-date assessments of past sea-level change, thoroughly explores all of the factors contributing to sea-level rise, and explores how sea-level extreme events might change. It identifies what is known in each area and what research and observations are required to reduce the uncertainties in our understanding of sea-level rise so that more reliable future projections can be made. A synthesis of findings provides a concise summary of sea-level rise and its impacts on society. The book is for everyone interested in sea-level rise and its impacts, including policy makers, research funders, scientists, students, coastal managers and engineers. Note de contenu : Foreword 1 Introduction 2 Impacts of and Responses to Sea-Level Rise 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Climate Change and Global/Relative Sea-Level Rise 2.3 Sea-Level Rise and Resulting Impacts 2.4 Framework and Methods for the Analysis of Sea-Level-Rise Impacts 2.5 Recent Impacts of Sea Level Rise 2.6 Future Impacts of Sea-Level Rise 2.7 Responding to Sea-Level Rise 2.8 Next Steps 2.9 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments - References 3 A First-Order Assessment of the Impact of Long-Term Trends in Extreme Sea Levels on Offshore Structures and Coastal Refineries 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Design Considerations 3.3 Impact of Long-Term Trends in Extreme Sea Levels 3.4 Evaluating the Economic Impact57 3.5 Conclusions - References 4 Paleoenvironmental Records, Geophysical Modeling, and Reconstruction of Sea-Level Trends and Variability on Centennial and Longer Timescales 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Past Sea-Level Changes 4.3 Sea-Level Indicators 4.4 Geophysical Modeling of Variability in Relative Sea-Level History 4.5 Regional Case Studies 4.6 Discussion and Conclusions Acknowledgments References 5 Modern Sea-Level-Change Estimates 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Estimates from Proxy Sea-Level Records 5.3 Estimate of Global Sea-Level Change from Tide Gauges 5.4 Estimates of Global Sea-Level Change- from Satellite Altimetry 5.5 Recommendations - Acknowledgments - References 6 Ocean Temperature and Salinity Contributions to Global and Regional Sea-Level Change 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Direct Estimates of Steric Sea-Level Rise 6.5 Estimating Steric Sea-Level Change Using Ocean Syntheses 6.4 Inferring Steric Sea Level from Tine Variable Gravity and Sea Level 6.5 Modeling Steric Sea-Level Rise 6.6 Conclusions and Recommendations - Acknowledgments - References 7 Cryospheric Contributions to Sea Level Rise and Variability 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mass-Balance Techniques 7.3 lce Sheet Mass Balance 7.4 Mass Balance of Glaciers and lee Gaps 7.5 Glacier, lce-Cap, and Ice Sheet Modeling 7.6 Summary and Recommendations - References 8 Terrestrial Water-Storage Contributions to Sea-Level Rise and Variability 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Analysis Tools 8.3 Climate-Driven Changes of Terrestrial Water Storage 8.4 Direct Anthropogenic Changes of Terrestrial Water Storage 8.3 Synthesis 8.6 Recommendations - References 9 Geodetic Observations and Global Reference Frame Contributions to Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Global and Regional Reference Systems 9.3 Linking GPS to Tide Gauges and Title Gauge Benchmarks 9.4 Recommendations for Geodetic Observations - Acknowledgments - References 10 Surface Mass Loading on a Dynamic Earth: Complexity and Contamination in the Geodetic Analysis of Global Sea Level Trends 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Glacial Isostatic Adjustment 10.3 Sea Level, Sea Surface, and the Geoid 10.4 Rapid Melting and Sea-Level Fingerprints 10.5 Great Earthquakes 10.6 Final Remarks Acknowledgments - References 11 Past and Future Changes in Extreme Sea Levels and Waves 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Evidence for Changes in Extreme Sea Levels and Waves in the Recent Past 11.3 Mid-Latitude and Tropical Storms: Changes in the Atmospheric Drivers of Extreme Sea Level 11.4 Future Extreme Water Levels 11.5 Future Research Needs 11.6 Conclusions Acknowledgments - References 12 Observing Systems Needed to Address Sea-Level Rise and Variability 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Sustained, Systematic Observing Systems (Existing Capabilities) 12.3 Development of Improved Observing Systems (New Capabilities) 12.4 Summary - References 13 Sea Level Rise and Variability: Synthesis and Outlook for the Future 13.1 Historical Sea-Level Change 13.2 Why is Sea Level Rising? 13.3 The Regional Distribution of Sea-Level Rise 13.4 Projections of Sea-Level Rise for the 21st Century and Beyond 13.5 Changes in Extreme Events 13.6 Sea Level and Society - References Numéro de notice : 14185 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40507