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Termes IGN > environnement > écologie
écologie
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Bionomie, Influence du milieu. Science de l'environnement. >> Aspect de l'environnement, Biologie des populations, Catastrophe écologique, Écologie animale, Écologie végétale, Écosystème, Environnement, Habitat (écologie). >>Terme(s) spécifique(s) : Adaptation (biologie), Socialisme et écologie, Macroécologie, Autoécologie, Bioclimatologie, Biome, Éco-industrie, Écologie agricole, Écologie appliquée, Écologie chimique, Écologie moléculaire, Écologie spatiale, Écophysiologie, Géoécologie, Hétérogénéité écologique, Intégrité écologique, Paléoécologie, Radioécologie, Restauration écologique, Succession écologique. Equiv. LCSH : Ecology. Domaine(s) : 570. Voir aussi |
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Boreal peatland forests: ditch network maintenance effort and water protection in a forest rotation framework / Jenny Miettinen in Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol 50 n° 10 (October 2020)
[article]
Titre : Boreal peatland forests: ditch network maintenance effort and water protection in a forest rotation framework Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jenny Miettinen, Auteur ; Markku Ollikainen, Auteur ; Jukka Arovilita, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 1025 – 1038 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] aménagement forestier
[Termes IGN] entretien du réseau
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes IGN] forêt équienne
[Termes IGN] nutriment végétal
[Termes IGN] protection des eaux
[Termes IGN] réseau de drainage
[Termes IGN] sédiment
[Termes IGN] tourbière
[Vedettes matières IGN] SylvicultureRésumé : (auteur) Ditch network maintenance promotes forest growth in drained peatland forests but increases nutrient and sediment loads, which are detrimental to water quality. Society needs to balance the harvest revenue from improved forest growth against deteriorating water quality. We examine socially optimal even-aged forest management in drained peatlands when harvesting and ditch network maintenance cause nutrient and sediment loading. The means to reduce loading include establishing overland flow fields and abstaining from ditch network maintenance. We characterize this choice analytically in a rotation framework and examine, in a numerical model, the key factors affecting the choice of forest management and water protection measures. We choose a drained peatland forest site located in northeastern Finland in the vicinity of ecologically vulnerable forest headwater streams. On the given drained forest site, we find a set of parameters under which implementing ditch network maintenance is privately but not socially optimal. Numéro de notice : A2020-745 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1139/cjfr-2019-0339 Date de publication en ligne : 28/08/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0339 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96389
in Canadian Journal of Forest Research > vol 50 n° 10 (October 2020) . - pp 1025 – 1038[article]Challenges in flood modeling over data-scarce regions: how to exploit globally available soil moisture products to estimate antecedent soil wetness conditions in Morocco / El Mahdi El Khalk in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol 20 n° 10 (October 2020)
[article]
Titre : Challenges in flood modeling over data-scarce regions: how to exploit globally available soil moisture products to estimate antecedent soil wetness conditions in Morocco Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : El Mahdi El Khalk, Auteur ; Yves Tramblay, Auteur ; Christian Massari, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : pp 2591 - 2607 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] Advanced scatterometer
[Termes IGN] Atlas marocain
[Termes IGN] bassin hydrographique
[Termes IGN] crue
[Termes IGN] humidité du sol
[Termes IGN] image SMOS
[Termes IGN] inondation
[Termes IGN] Maroc
[Termes IGN] modèle hydrographique
[Termes IGN] modélisation
[Termes IGN] variation saisonnière
[Termes IGN] zone semi-arideRésumé : (auteur) The Mediterranean region is characterized by intense rainfall events giving rise to devastating floods. In Maghreb countries such as Morocco, there is a strong need for forecasting systems to reduce the impacts of floods. The development of such a system in the case of ungauged catchments is complicated, but remote-sensing products could overcome the lack of in situ measurements. The soil moisture content can strongly modulate the magnitude of flood events and consequently is a crucial parameter to take into account for flood modeling. In this study, different soil moisture products (European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, ESA-CCI; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity, SMOS; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère, SMOS-IC; Advanced Scatterometer, ASCAT; and ERA5 reanalysis) are compared to in situ measurements and one continuous soil-moisture-accounting (SMA) model for basins located in the High Atlas Mountains, upstream of the city of Marrakech. The results show that the SMOS-IC satellite product and the ERA5 reanalysis are best correlated with observed soil moisture and with the SMA model outputs. The different soil moisture datasets were also compared to estimate the initial soil moisture condition for an event-based hydrological model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN). The ASCAT, SMOS-IC, and ERA5 products performed equally well in validation to simulate floods, outperforming daily in situ soil moisture measurements that may not be representative of the whole catchment soil moisture conditions. The results also indicated that the daily time step may not fully represent the saturation state before a flood event due to the rapid decay of soil moisture after rainfall in these semiarid environments. Indeed, at the hourly time step, ERA5 and in situ measurements were found to better represent the initial soil moisture conditions of the SCS-CN model by comparison with the daily time step. The results of this work could be used to implement efficient flood modeling and forecasting systems in semiarid regions where soil moisture measurements are lacking. Numéro de notice : A2020-610 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.5194/nhess-20-2591-2020 Date de publication en ligne : 05/10/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2591-2020 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95974
in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences > vol 20 n° 10 (October 2020) . - pp 2591 - 2607[article]Forest clear-cuts as habitat for farmland birds and butterflies / Dafne Ram in Forest ecology and management, vol 473 ([01/10/2020])
[article]
Titre : Forest clear-cuts as habitat for farmland birds and butterflies Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dafne Ram, Auteur ; Åke Lindström, Auteur ; Lars B. Pettersson, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 9 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Aves
[Termes IGN] biodiversité
[Termes IGN] coupe rase (sylviculture)
[Termes IGN] foresterie
[Termes IGN] habitat animal
[Termes IGN] surface cultivée
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) The intensification of agriculture has resulted in more homogeneous landscapes and declines of many species associated with farmland or other semi-natural open habitats. In parallel, forestry has also intensified causing declines in many species associated with old-growth forests. While intensive forestry negatively affects forest species, it inadvertently creates new habitats such as clear-cuts, which attracts some farmland species. To understand the potential of clear-cuts as alternative habitat for farmland species, we need to know what makes clear-cuts attractive and whether they are suitable for reproduction and survival. We reviewed literature on the occurrence of farmland birds and butterflies in forest clear-cuts and synthesise the current knowledge on factors and characteristics affecting their occurrence.
Many farmland birds and butterflies do indeed use clear-cuts, and have been found in clear-cuts up to ten years after felling. Clear-cut characteristics of importance include age, size, retention structures, land-use history and landscape composition. However, direct measures of resource abundance such as food and hostplants are often lacking. In addition to the potential benefit of individual clear-cuts, the total clear-cut area in forested regions is often large. Together with the fact that clear-cuts may be occupied by farmland species for several years, the potential of clear-cuts as alternative habitat for farmland biodiversity is substantial. Clear-cuts with a history as meadows, the presence of species of conservation importance, or shorter distance to farmland could for example be motivations for focusing conservation efforts on farmland species instead of forest species. Gaining more knowledge on how farmland species use clear-cuts, and what characteristics they depend on, could help inform management guidelines. We are no advocates for forest clear-cuts, but given their ubiquity in forested landscapes, the potential of clear-cuts as alternative habitats for species suffering from loss of suitable farmland habitats is worth serious attention from a conservation perspective.Numéro de notice : A2020-621 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118239 Date de publication en ligne : 16/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118239 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96017
in Forest ecology and management > vol 473 [01/10/2020] . - 9 p.[article]Increasing Cervidae populations have variable impacts on habitat suitability for threatened forest plant and lichen species / James D.M. Speed in Forest ecology and management, vol 473 ([01/10/2020])
[article]
Titre : Increasing Cervidae populations have variable impacts on habitat suitability for threatened forest plant and lichen species Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : James D.M. Speed, Auteur ; Gunnar Austrheim, Auteur ; Mika Bendiksby, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 10 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Cervidae
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] flore forestière
[Termes IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes IGN] habitat forestier
[Termes IGN] lichen
[Termes IGN] Norvège
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Large herbivores play a key role in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Cervidae (deer) population densities and community structure have undergone drastic changes in many parts of the world over the past decades, often with deer populations increasing. Many studies show impacts of Cervidae on multiple ecosystem properties, including vegetation and biodiversity, at local spatial scales. At larger spatial scales, however, impacts of changing Cervidae populations on forest ecosystems are less known. Although both abiotic and biotic dimensions contribute to shaping species’ niches, abiotic variables are generally given prominence when modelling species habitats and ranges. This is despite biotic changes, including changes in trophic structure, being an important component of global environmental change. In this study, we examined the potential contribution of Cervidae densities to the habitat suitability for rare plant and lichen species across the temperate and boreal forests of Norway, where cervid densities have increased over the past 60 years. We also examined how these changes in herbivore communities may have shaped habitat suitability for rare lichens and plants and discuss the results in light of continuing shifts in herbivore assemblages. We ran habitat suitability models for 47 species of rare plants and lichens, which were selected based on herbivory reported as a criterion for placement on the national red list for species. Climate (temperature and precipitation), forest (forest type and productivity), soil pH and Cervidae densities (moose Alces alces, red deer Cervus elaphus and roe deer Capreolus capreolus) were used as independent variables. Densities of one or more of the three Cervidae species were inferred to be associated with the distribution of 14 (ten lichen, one bryophyte and three vascular plant species) of these 47 species. We found a range of habitat suitability associations with Cervidae densities, including positive, negative and hump-backed responses. Increases in Cervidae densities over the past 60 years may have led to different spatial trends in habitat suitability across the 14 species. Our results suggest that Cervidae densities are associated with the distribution of rare forest plant and lichen species differently at large spatial scales; experimental studies should test the causality of these associations. If causal, this implies that Cervidae management should find a balance between high and low densities to conserve several plant and lichen species. The preponderance of epiphytic lichens species, for which habitat suitability was associated with Cervidae densities, calls for field studies to focus on Cervidae impacts on forest lichens. Numéro de notice : A2020-622 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118286 Date de publication en ligne : 20/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118286 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96018
in Forest ecology and management > vol 473 [01/10/2020] . - 10 p.[article]Mapping wetland using the object-based stacked generalization method based on multi-temporal optical and SAR data / Yaotong Cai in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 92 (October 2020)
[article]
Titre : Mapping wetland using the object-based stacked generalization method based on multi-temporal optical and SAR data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Yaotong Cai, Auteur ; Xinyu Li, Auteur ; Meng Zhang, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : n° 102164 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image mixte
[Termes IGN] algorithme de généralisation
[Termes IGN] analyse d'image orientée objet
[Termes IGN] cartographie thématique
[Termes IGN] Chine
[Termes IGN] filtre de déchatoiement
[Termes IGN] image radar moirée
[Termes IGN] image Sentinel-MSI
[Termes IGN] image Sentinel-SAR
[Termes IGN] modélisation spatio-temporelle
[Termes IGN] Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
[Termes IGN] prairie
[Termes IGN] rétrodiffusion
[Termes IGN] série temporelle
[Termes IGN] zone humideRésumé : (auteur) Wetland ecosystems have experienced dramatic challenges in the past few decades due to natural and human factors. Wetland maps are essential for the conservation and management of terrestrial ecosystems. This study is to obtain an accurate wetland map using an object-based stacked generalization (Stacking) method on the basis of multi-temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. Firstly, the Robust Adaptive Spatial Temporal Fusion Model (RASTFM) is used to get time series Sentinel-2 NDVI, from which the vegetation phenology variables are derived by the threshold method. Subsequently, both vertical transmit-vertical receive (VV) and vertical transmit-horizontal receive (VH) polarization backscatters (σ0 VV, σ0 VH) are obtained using the time series Sentinel-1 images. Speckle noise inherent in SAR data, resulting in over-segmentation or under-segmentation, can affect image segmentation and degrade the accuracies of wetland classification. Therefore, we segment Sentinel-2 multispectral images to delineate meaningful objects in this study. Then, in order to reduce data redundancy and computation time, we analyze the optimal feature combination using the Sentinel-2 multispectral images, Sentinel-2 NDVI time series, phenological variables and other vegetation index derived from Sentinel-2 multispectral images, as well as time series Sentinel-1 backscatters at the object level. Finally, the stacked generalization algorithm is utilized to extract the wetland information based on the optimal feature combination in the Dongting Lake wetland. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of the object-based stacked generalization method are 92.46% and 0.92, which are 3.88% and 0.04 higher than that using the pixel-based method. Moreover, the object-based stacked generalization algorithm is superior to single classifiers in classifying vegetation of high heterogeneity areas. Numéro de notice : A2020-748 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.jag.2020.102164 Date de publication en ligne : 07/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102164 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96398
in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation > vol 92 (October 2020) . - n° 102164[article]See the forest and the trees: Effective machine and deep learning algorithms for wood filtering and tree species classification from terrestrial laser scanning / Zhouxin Xi in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 168 (October 2020)PermalinkThe effect of leaf-on and leaf-off forest canopy conditions on LiDAR derived estimations of forest structural diversity / Sophie Davison in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 92 (October 2020)PermalinkTowards dynamic forest trafficability prediction using open spatial data, hydrological modelling and sensor technology / Aura Salmivaara in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 93 n° 5 (October 2020)PermalinkTree species classification using structural features derived from terrestrial laser scanning / Louise Terryn in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 168 (October 2020)PermalinkUncertainty of forested wetland maps derived from aerial photography / Stephen P. Prisley in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 86 n° 10 (October 2020)PermalinkVegetation unit assignments: phytosociology experts and classification programs show similar performance but low convergence / Lise Maciejewski in Applied Vegetation Science, vol 23 n° 4 (October 2020)PermalinkWide-area near-real-time monitoring of tropical forest degradation and deforestation using Sentinel-1 / Dirk Hoekman in Remote sensing, vol 12 n° 19 (October-1 2020)PermalinkArctic tsunamis threaten coastal landscapes and communities – survey of Karrat Isfjord 2017 tsunami effects in Nuugaatsiaq, western Greenland / Mateusz C. Strzelecki in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol 20 n° 9 (September 2020)PermalinkClimate–growth relationships at the transition between Fagus sylvatica and Pinus mugo forest communities in a Mediterranean mountain / Chiara Calderano in Annals of Forest Science, vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020)PermalinkCO2 fertilization, transpiration deficit and vegetation period drive the response of mixed broadleaved forests to a changing climate in Wallonia / Louis de Wergifosse in Annals of Forest Science, vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020)Permalink