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Piris Reis: His uniquness among cartographers and hydrographers of the Renaissance / Svat Soucek in Cartes & Géomatique, n° 216 (juin 2013)
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Titre : Piris Reis: His uniquness among cartographers and hydrographers of the Renaissance Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Svat Soucek, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp 135 - 145 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie ancienne
[Termes IGN] cartographe
[Termes IGN] Méditerranée, mer
[Termes IGN] navigation maritime
[Termes IGN] portulan
[Termes IGN] RenaissanceRésumé : (Auteur) Piri Reis (ca 1480-1553) was an Ottoman-Turkish corsair, admiral in the imperial navy, and, most importantly, author of portolan charts and sailing directions as well as of two world maps. His early life as a gazi-corsair, approximately from 1490 to 1510, was spent by the side of his uncle Kemal Reis, a renowned corsair with whom he criss-crossed the Mediterranean, gaining unparalleled knowledge of this sea. After the death of Kemal Reis in 1510, Piri Reis spent more time at the naval base of Gallipoli where he engaged in cartographic and hydrographic activities. He drew two world maps, the first in 1513 and the second in 1528. Neither exists in its complete state: that of 1513 was torn longitudinally in such a way that only its western third, showing the Atlantic fringe of Europe and Africa, the ocean, and the eastern fringe of the New World has survived, while the map's eastern two thirds are lost; that of 1528 shows only about one sixth of what a complete world map would be, but its state of preservation indicates that unlike its predecessor, it had not been mutilated but was left unfinished. Piri Reis also compiled the Kitabi Bahriye, a volume of portolan texts and charts for the Mediterranean (a preliminary, shorter version in 1520, and a definitive, longer one in 1526). The mariner slipped into obscurity after 1528, to reemerge in 1547 as commander of the Ottoman Suez fleet. In 1549 he recovered Aden, won in 1538 but lost again, for the empire. Three years later, however, he failed to conquer Portuguese-held Hormuz, and withdrew to Basra where he left the greater part of his squadron and returned with two galleys to Suez. Accusations surrounding the failure at Hormuz led to a death sentence by Suleyman the Magnificent, which was carried out at Cairo in 1553. Piri Reis's importance is anchored in several aspects that make his work and person unique. One is the intensely personal and specific nature of the manner in which he presents his work: he explains how, where, and why he drew the charts and wrote the texts. Another is the uniqueness of the works themselves. In order to produce the 1513 map, he used both Western (mainly Portuguese) and Oriental (presumably mainly Arab) sources. The Kitabi Bahriye has no equal as a comprehensive and detailed volume of portolan charts and texts covering the entire Mediterranean. Finally the personal lot of Piri Reis makes him unique when compared with his peers among Western cartographers and cosmographers. While most of them were employed by monarchs and companies eager to use their expertise, in this capacity he was ignored, before being executed by the monarch to whom he had dedicated the Kitabi Bahriye. Numéro de notice : A2013-436 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueNat DOI : sans En ligne : http://www.lecfc.fr/new/articles/216-article-11.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32574
in Cartes & Géomatique > n° 216 (juin 2013) . - pp 135 - 145[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 021-2013021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Le portulan arabe décrit par Al-'Umari / Jean-Charles Ducène in Cartes & Géomatique, n° 216 (juin 2013)
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Titre : Le portulan arabe décrit par Al-'Umari Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jean-Charles Ducène, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp 81 - 90 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie ancienne
[Termes IGN] Afrique du nord
[Termes IGN] Méditerranée, mer
[Termes IGN] portulan
[Termes IGN] rose des vents
[Termes IGN] source de donnéesRésumé : (Auteur) L'encyclopédiste mamelouke Ibn Fadl Allah al-'Umarî a utilisé comme source de sa description de la Méditerranée, un document cartographique arabe d'un certain Muhammad 'Abd Allah ibn Abi Nu'aym al-Ansâri al-Qurtubi al-Rais ; il désigne le document en question par le terme de "qunbâs" ("compas"). Bien que l'individu ne soit pas identifié, al-'Umarî explique que c'était un marin qui avait une grande expertise de la Méditerranée. En outre, al-'Umarî le mentionne aussi dans le chapitre qui traite des vents où il décrit une "rose des vents" qui se trouvait également sur le "qunbâs". Enfin, plusieurs éléments topographiques relatifs à l'Afrique du Nord montrent des analogies entre cette source et des ouvrages maritimes italiens de la même époque. Numéro de notice : A2013-432 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueNat DOI : sans En ligne : http://www.lecfc.fr/new/articles/216-article-7.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32570
in Cartes & Géomatique > n° 216 (juin 2013) . - pp 81 - 90[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 021-2013021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible The Pisana chart: Really a primitive portolan chart made in the 13th century ? / Ramon Josep Pujades i Bataller in Cartes & Géomatique, n° 216 (juin 2013)
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Titre : The Pisana chart: Really a primitive portolan chart made in the 13th century ? Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ramon Josep Pujades i Bataller, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp 17 - 32 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie ancienne
[Termes IGN] carte pisane
[Termes IGN] datation archéologique
[Termes IGN] portulan
[Termes IGN] treizième siècleRésumé : (Auteur) The Pisana Chart has been ascribed highly disparate dates since it was discovered by the scientific community in the first half of the 19th century. Over the course of the 20th century, however, the dating of the chart to the end of the 13th century, which I myself had considered valid until now, gradually became customary, although there were never sound reasons for that. As a result of this late 13th century dating, another, closely-related chart -the Cortona Chart- was dated to the early 14th century, and another chart that has recently surfaced -the so-called Lucca Chart- has also been presented as a chart created before 1327. This latter chart, moreover, is even more directly related to the Pisana Chart than the Cortona one because it shares many features with it, from the type of gothic script to a whole series of specific characteristics that they could not have shared by chance, and that reveal their derivation from a common model. The big problem is that the Lucca Chart, though also a product of low technical quality, has a much richer content than the rudimentary Pisana Chart. Upon analyzing it carefully, from its ornamentation to the cartographic design, we discover with surprise that it is full of very late elements. So late that some have never been documented until well into the 15th century. These discoveries force us to modify the traditional dating of the Pisana Chart as well, and to acknowledge that in this case as in so many others, we exaggerated the antiquity of the chart by identifying the rudimentary nature with primitivism. Numéro de notice : A2013-428 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueNat DOI : sans En ligne : http://www.lecfc.fr/new/articles/216-article-3.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32566
in Cartes & Géomatique > n° 216 (juin 2013) . - pp 17 - 32[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 021-2013021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Why the artificial shapes for the smaller islands on the portolan charts (1330-1600) help to clarify their navigational use / Tony Campbell in Cartes & Géomatique, n° 216 (juin 2013)
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Titre : Why the artificial shapes for the smaller islands on the portolan charts (1330-1600) help to clarify their navigational use Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Tony Campbell, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp 47 - 66 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie ancienne
[Termes IGN] carte marine
[Termes IGN] forme caractéristique
[Termes IGN] île
[Termes IGN] navigation maritime
[Termes IGN] portulan
[Termes IGN] précision des données
[Termes IGN] toponyme
[Termes IGN] toponyme nautiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Portolan charts have been studied for more than a century and a half, and intensively so in recent years. Yet several basic questions remain unanswered; indeed, some have never been asked. A detailed investigation, focusing in particular on the place-names, and the shapes of the medium and small islands, has been carried out over the past few years. This has made possible a new understanding of the charts' development and a fresh explanation of both their purpose and longevity. Portolan charts contain an unexpected mixture of surprising geometric accuracy and apparently frivolous invention. Their toponymy was static enough to include in 1600 three-quarters of the names that can be seen 300 years earlier. Yet at the same time they were dynamic enough to introduce many hundreds of new, and subsequently repeated, names over that period, and to discard hundreds of others. It will be demonstrated that the portolan charts -leaving aside their land-based roles as decorative mercantile or prestige objects - were an essential tool for sailors. Their uneven 'accuracy' can be explained in terms of three distinct shipboard uses: first, when on a long sea passage out of sight of land, second, when working from headland to headland along a coast, and third, when picking a way through an archipelago - particularly those in the Aegean Sea. The strange, clearly unnatural shapes given to many of the small and medium-sized islands, especially in the Aegean, have been barely noticed by previous commentators. It is suggested that these should be seen as 'mnemonic substitutions', simplifying work for the chart copyist and providing the medieval helmsman with an easy way to memorise the position of scores of islands. That these shapes were neither random nor restricted to a single chartmaking family or production centre, but were instead standardised and widely repeated, sometimes for centuries, provides evidence, in the author's view, that the 14th-century chart-makers had the imagination to create a convention-defying cartographic device. This was apparently without precedent, and not imitated elsewhere. It is ironical that the charts' continued relevance for merchant shipping can be attributed to the reverence with which every small hydrographical detail of the original workshop model was faithfully copied through perhaps ten generations, rather than to any adaptability in response to what we might have supposed were evolutionary pressures. Only the vital, and ever-changing toponymy contradicts that statement. Numéro de notice : A2013-430 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueNat DOI : sans En ligne : http://www.lecfc.fr/new/articles/216-article-5.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32568
in Cartes & Géomatique > n° 216 (juin 2013) . - pp 47 - 66[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 021-2013021 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Assessing reference dataset representativeness through confidence metrics based on information density / Giorgos Mountrakis in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 78 (April 2013)
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Titre : Assessing reference dataset representativeness through confidence metrics based on information density Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Giorgos Mountrakis, Auteur ; Bo Xi, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp 129 - 147 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité
[Termes IGN] carte d'occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] carte de confiance
[Termes IGN] classification dirigée
[Termes IGN] densité d'information
[Termes IGN] données localisées de référence
[Termes IGN] jeu de données localisées
[Termes IGN] representativitéRésumé : (Auteur) Land cover maps obtained from classification of remotely sensed imagery provide valuable information in numerous environmental monitoring and modeling tasks. However, many uncertainties and errors can directly or indirectly affect the quality of derived maps. This work focuses on one key aspect of the supervised classification process of remotely sensed imagery: the quality of the reference dataset used to develop a classifier. More specifically, the representative power of the reference dataset is assessed by contrasting it with the full dataset (e.g. entire image) needing classification. Our method is applicable in several ways: training or testing datasets (extracted from the reference dataset) can be compared with the full dataset. The proposed method moves beyond spatial sampling schemes (e.g. grid, cluster) and operates in the multidimensional feature space (e.g. spectral bands) and uses spatial statistics to compare information density of data to be classified with data used in the reference process. The working hypothesis is that higher information density, not in general but with respect to the entire classified image, expresses higher confidence in obtained results. Presented experiments establish a close link between confidence metrics and classification accuracy for a variety of image classifiers namely maximum likelihood, decision tree, Backpropagation Neural Network and Support Vector Machine. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that spatially-continuous reference datasets (e.g. a square window) have the potential to provide similar classification confidence as typically-used spatially-random datasets. This is an important finding considering the higher acquisition costs for randomly distributed datasets. Furthermore, the method produces confidence maps that allow spatially-explicit comparison of confidence metrics within a given image for identification of over- and under-represented image portions. The current method is presented for individual image classification but, with sufficient evaluation from the remote sensing community it has the potential to become a standard for reference dataset reporting and thus allowing users to assess representativeness of reference datasets in a consistent manner across different classification tasks. Numéro de notice : A2013-183 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.01.011 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.01.011 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=32321
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 78 (April 2013) . - pp 129 - 147[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 081-2013041 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Line segment confidence region-based string matching method for map conflation / Yong Huh in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 78 (April 2013)
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