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Shallow geological structures triggered during the Mw 6.4 Meinong earthquake, southwestern Taiwan / Maryline Le Béon in Terrestrial Atmospheric Oceanic sciences journal, vol 28 n° 5 (October 2017)
[article]
Titre : Shallow geological structures triggered during the Mw 6.4 Meinong earthquake, southwestern Taiwan Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Maryline Le Béon, Auteur ; Mong-Han Huang, Auteur ; John Suppe, Auteur ; Shiuh-Tsann Huang, Auteur ; Erwan Pathier, Auteur ; Wen-Jeng Huang, Auteur ; Chien-Liang Chen, Auteur ; Bénédicte Fruneau , Auteur ; Stéphane Baize, Auteur ; Kuo-En Ching, Auteur ; Jyr-Ching Hu, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Projets : TOSCA / Article en page(s) : pp 663 - 681 Note générale : bibliographie
TOSCA project Tersol Glob-TaiwanLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications
[Termes IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre
[Termes IGN] données GPS
[Termes IGN] faille géologique
[Termes IGN] image radar moirée
[Termes IGN] interféromètrie par radar à antenne synthétique
[Termes IGN] séisme
[Termes IGN] TaïwanRésumé : (auteur) The Meinong earthquake generated up to ~10 cm surface displacement located 10 - 35 km west of the epicenter and monitored by InSAR and GPS. In addition to coseismic deformation related to the deep earthquake source, InSAR revealed three sharp surface displacement gradients. One of them is extensional and is inconsistent with the westward interseismic shortening of ~45 mm yr-1 in this region. The gradient sharpness suggests slip triggering on shallow structures, some of which were not well documented before. To characterize these shallow structures, we investigated potential surface ruptures in the field. Sets of ~NS tension cracks distributed over 25 - 300 m width, with cumulative extension in the same order as InSAR observations, were found along 5.5 km distance along the extensional gradient and are interpreted as surface rupture. We build two E-W regional balanced cross-sections, based on surface geology, subsurface data, and coseismic and interseismic geodetic data. From the Coastal Plain to the east edge of the coseismic deformation area, we propose a series of three active west-dipping backthrusts: the Houchiali fault, the Napalin-Pitou backthrust, and the Lungchuan backthrust. They all root on the 3.5 - 4.0 km deep Tainan detachment located near the base of the 3-km-thick Gutingkeng mudstone. Further east, the detachment would ramp down to ~7 km depth. Coseismic surface deformation measurements suggest that, in addition to the deeper (15 - 20 km) main rupture plane, mostly the ramp, the Lungchuan backthrust, and the Tainan detachment were activated during or right after the earthquake. Local extension is considered as transient deformation at the west edge of the shallow main slip zone. Numéro de notice : A2017-888 Affiliation des auteurs : UPEM-LASTIG+Ext (2016-2019) Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.3319/TAO.2017.03.20.02 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2017.03.20.02 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91876
in Terrestrial Atmospheric Oceanic sciences journal > vol 28 n° 5 (October 2017) . - pp 663 - 681[article]Survie des semis de ligneux pionniers dans les lits fluviaux : approche in et ex situ des facteurs de contrôle abiotiques et biologiques des espèces Populus nigra et Salix alba / Coraline Lise Wintenberger in Géomorphologie, vol 23 ([01/10/2017])
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Titre : Survie des semis de ligneux pionniers dans les lits fluviaux : approche in et ex situ des facteurs de contrôle abiotiques et biologiques des espèces Populus nigra et Salix alba Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Coraline Lise Wintenberger, Auteur ; Stéphane Rodrigues, Auteur ; Philippe Jugé, Auteur ; Marc Villar, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] crue
[Termes IGN] érosion hydrique
[Termes IGN] Loire (bassin)
[Termes IGN] Populus nigra
[Termes IGN] Salix albaRésumé : (auteur) La survie des semis de ligneux pionniers aux contraintes exercées lors des épisodes de crue subséquents à leur recrutement dépend des contraintes hydro-sédimentaires exercées mais également de leur capacité à résister à ces contraintes. L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre à fine résolution spatio-temporelle les conditions de survie des semis des espèces Populus nigra et Salix alba aux crues survenant après leur recrutement. Une double approche in et ex situ a été conduite permettant (i) de caractériser les contraintes exercées sur les semis au cours des épisodes de crue et (ii) d’analyser leur capacité de résistance aux contraintes. L’approche in situ s’est focalisée sur une barre sédimentaire de centre de chenal localisée en Loire moyenne. Des mesures de topographie, bathymétrie, courantométrie et granulométrie ont permis de caractériser l’intensité, l’évolution temporelle et la répartition spatiale des forces de traînée impliquées dans l’arrachage des semis, des processus d’érosion-dépôt respectivement responsables de l’excavation et de l’enfouissement des semis. Les résultats montrent que la dynamique hydro-sédimentaire spécifique de la barre sédimentaire colonisée a une influence sur la répartition de la survie des semis. L’approche ex situ a permis de caractériser la diversité de croissance du système racinaire et de la partie aérienne des semis en fonction du substrat ainsi que les forces nécessaires à l’arrachage des semis et leur résistance à l’enfouissement. La confrontation des mesures réalisées ex situ avec les contraintes exercées in situ permettent d’affiner la compréhension de la répartition de la survie des semis sur la barre forcée. Numéro de notice : A2017-523 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.4000/geomorphologie.11789 En ligne : http://geomorphologie.revues.org/11789 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86541
in Géomorphologie > vol 23 [01/10/2017][article]Activités néotectoniques et mouvements de terrain dans le Prérif (Secteur de l'autoroute Fès-Taza, Nord Maroc) / Hassan Tabbyaoui in Géologues, n° 194 (septembre 2017)
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Titre : Activités néotectoniques et mouvements de terrain dans le Prérif (Secteur de l'autoroute Fès-Taza, Nord Maroc) Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Hassan Tabbyaoui, Auteur ; Benoit Deffontaines , Auteur ; Fatima El Hammichi, Auteur ; Abdel-Ali Chaouni, Auteur ; Samuel Magalhaes, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Maroc
[Termes IGN] mouvement de terrain
[Termes IGN] tectoniqueNuméro de notice : A2017-894 Affiliation des auteurs : UPEM-LASTIG+Ext (2016-2019) Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueNat DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91939
in Géologues > n° 194 (septembre 2017)[article]Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: patterns, mechanisms, and open questions / Wolfgang W. Weisser in Basic and Applied Ecology, vol 23 (September 2017)
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Titre : Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment: patterns, mechanisms, and open questions Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Wolfgang W. Weisser, Auteur ; Christiane Roscher, Auteur ; Sebastian Meyer, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie
[Termes IGN] azote
[Termes IGN] biomasse
[Termes IGN] carbone
[Termes IGN] écosystème
[Termes IGN] gaz à effet de serre
[Termes IGN] nutriment végétal
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] potassium
[Termes IGN] puits de carbone
[Termes IGN] richesse floristique
[Termes IGN] sol
[Termes IGN] stabilitéRésumé : (auteur) In the past two decades, a large number of studies have investigated the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, most of which focussed on a limited set of ecosystem variables. The Jena Experiment was set up in 2002 to investigate the effects of plant diversity on element cycling and trophic interactions, using a multi-disciplinary approach. Here, we review the results of 15 years of research in the Jena Experiment, focussing on the effects of manipulating plant species richness and plant functional richness. With more than 85,000 measures taken from the plant diversity plots, the Jena Experiment has allowed answering fundamental questions important for functional biodiversity research.
First, the question was how general the effect of plant species richness is, regarding the many different processes that take place in an ecosystem. About 45% of different types of ecosystem processes measured in the ‘main experiment’, where plant species richness ranged from 1 to 60 species, were significantly affected by plant species richness, providing strong support for the view that biodiversity is a significant driver of ecosystem functioning. Many measures were not saturating at the 60-species level, but increased linearly with the logarithm of species richness. There was, however, great variability in the strength of response among different processes. One striking pattern was that many processes, in particular belowground processes, took several years to respond to the manipulation of plant species richness, showing that biodiversity experiments have to be long-term, to distinguish trends from transitory patterns. In addition, the results from the Jena Experiment provide further evidence that diversity begets stability, for example stability against invasion of plant species, but unexpectedly some results also suggested the opposite, e.g. when plant communities experience severe perturbations or elevated resource availability. This highlights the need to revisit diversity-stability theory.
Second, we explored whether individual plant species or individual plant functional groups, or biodiversity itself is more important for ecosystem functioning, in particular biomass production. We found strong effects of individual species and plant functional groups on biomass production, yet these effects often occurred mostly in addition to, but not instead of, effects of plant species richness.
Third, the Jena Experiment assessed the effect of diversity on multitrophic interactions. The diversity of most organisms responded positively to increases in plant species richness, and the effect was stronger for above- than for belowground organisms, and stronger for herbivores than for carnivores or detritivores. Thus, diversity begets diversity. In addition, the effect on organismic diversity was stronger than the effect on species abundances.
Fourth, the Jena Experiment aimed to assess the effect of diversity on N, P and C cycling and the water balance of the plots, separating between element input into the ecosystem, element turnover, element stocks, and output from the ecosystem. While inputs were generally less affected by plant species richness, measures of element stocks, turnover and output were often positively affected by plant diversity, e.g. carbon storage strongly increased with increasing plant species richness. Variables of the N cycle responded less strongly to plant species richness than variables of the C cycle.
Fifth, plant traits are often used to unravel mechanisms underlying the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship. In the Jena Experiment, most investigated plant traits, both above- and belowground, were plastic and trait expression depended on plant diversity in a complex way, suggesting limitation to using database traits for linking plant traits to particular functions.
Sixth, plant diversity effects on ecosystem processes are often caused by plant diversity effects on species interactions. Analyses in the Jena Experiment including structural equation modelling suggest complex interactions that changed with diversity, e.g. soil carbon storage and greenhouse gas emission were affected by changes in the composition and activity of the belowground microbial community. Manipulation experiments where particular organisms, e.g. belowground invertebrates, were excluded from plots in split-plot experiments, supported the important role of the biotic component for element and water fluxes.
Seventh, the Jena Experiment aimed to put the results into the context of agricultural practices in managed grasslands. The effect of increasing plant species richness from 1 to 16 species on plant biomass was, in absolute terms, as strong as the effect of a more intensive grassland management, using fertiliser and increasing mowing frequency. Potential bioenergy production from high-diversity plots was similar to that of conventionally used energy crops. These results suggest that diverse ‘High Nature Value Grasslands’ are multifunctional and can deliver a range of ecosystem services including production-related services.
A final task was to assess the importance of potential artefacts in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships, caused by the weeding of the plant community to maintain plant species composition. While the effort (in hours) needed to weed a plot was often negatively related to plant species richness, species richness still affected the majority of ecosystem variables. Weeding also did not negatively affect monoculture performance; rather, monocultures deteriorated over time for a number of biological reasons, as shown in plant-soil feedback experiments.
To summarize, the Jena Experiment has allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the functional role of biodiversity in an ecosystem. A main challenge for future biodiversity research is to increase our mechanistic understanding of why the magnitude of biodiversity effects differs among processes and contexts. It is likely that there will be no simple answer. For example, among the multitude of mechanisms suggested to underlie the positive plant species richness effect on biomass, some have received limited support in the Jena Experiment, such as vertical root niche partitioning. However, others could not be rejected in targeted analyses. Thus, from the current results in the Jena Experiment it seems likely that the positive biodiversity effect results from several mechanisms acting simultaneously in more diverse communities, such as reduced pathogen attack, the presence of more plant growth promoting organisms, less seed limitation, and increased trait differences leading to complementarity in resource uptake. Distinguishing between different mechanisms requires careful testing of competing hypotheses. Biodiversity research has matured such that predictive approaches testing particular mechanisms are now possible.Numéro de notice : A2017-352 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.baae.2017.06.002 Date de publication en ligne : 26/06/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2017.06.002 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85690
in Basic and Applied Ecology > vol 23 (September 2017)[article]Comparison of landslide susceptibility mapping based on statistical index, certainty factors, weights of evidence and evidential belief function models / Kai Cui in Geocarto international, vol 32 n° 9 (September 2017)
[article]
Titre : Comparison of landslide susceptibility mapping based on statistical index, certainty factors, weights of evidence and evidential belief function models Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Kai Cui, Auteur ; Dong Lu, Auteur ; Wei Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 935 - 955 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] aléa
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] cartographie des risques
[Termes IGN] Chine
[Termes IGN] effondrement de terrain
[Termes IGN] inventaire
[Termes IGN] pondération
[Termes IGN] risque naturel
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] théorie de Dempster-Shafer
[Termes IGN] vulnérabilitéRésumé : (Auteur) The main aim of this study was to produce landslide susceptibility maps using statistical index (SI), certainty factors (CF), weights of evidence (WoE) and evidential belief function (EBF) models for the Long County, China. Firstly, a landslide inventory map, including a total of 171 landslides, was compiled on the basis of earlier reports, interpretation of aerial photographs and supported by extensive field surveys. Thereafter, all landslides were randomly separated into two data sets: 70% landslides (120 points) were selected for establishing the model and the remaining landslides (51 points) were used for validation purposes. Eleven landslide conditioning factors, such as slope aspect, slope angle, plan curvature, profile curvature, altitude, distance to faults, distance to roads, distance to rivers, lithology, NDVI and land use, were considered for landslide susceptibility mapping in this study. Then, the SI, CF, WoE and EBF models were used to produce the landslide susceptibility maps for the study area. Finally, the four models were validated using area under the curve (AUC) method. According to the validation results, the EBF model (AUC = 78.93%) has a higher prediction accuracy than the SI model (AUC = 77.72%), the WoE model (AUC = 77.62%) and the CF model (AUC = 77.72%). Similarly, the validation results also indicate that the EBF model has the highest training accuracy of 80.25%, followed by SI (79.80%), WoE (79.71%) and CF (79.67%) models. Numéro de notice : A2017-457 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.0/10106049.2016.1195886 Date de publication en ligne : 16/06/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org108/10.0/10106049.2016.1195886 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86382
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