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Titre : Effects of geographic information quality on soil erosion prediction Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Karika Kunta, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 2009 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 103 Importance : 153 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906467-84-9 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité
[Termes IGN] ArcGIS
[Termes IGN] érosion
[Termes IGN] infrastructure nationale des données localisées
[Termes IGN] métadonnées
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] modèle physique
[Termes IGN] modèle RUSLE
[Termes IGN] montagne
[Termes IGN] partage de données localisées
[Termes IGN] pente
[Termes IGN] prédiction
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Termes IGN] ruissellement
[Termes IGN] Suisse
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] Thaïlande
[Termes IGN] VBARésumé : (Auteur) (Auteur) Soil erosion is one of the most serious problems in the mountainous areas. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are widely applied to predict soil erosion, as all factors on soil erosion can be extracted by spatial analysis. Therefore, the quality of spatial data plays a great role on the prediction and the most appropriated data should be used for input data to the model.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of GIS data quality for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. Different quality of GIS data input for two catchments in Switzerland and a catchment in Thailand are applied to the calculation. A programmed Visual Basic Application (VBA) extension on ArcGIS 9.2 and the geostatistics analysis are used for the calculation.
Moreover, the study aims to improve the soil erosion prediction, experienced from the study, using GIS technology. In order to achieve the aim, the study recommends, different methods : the use of GIS database of different soil-scales, the soil GIS data sharing, the Web-based GIS soil data and the soil erosion metadata model.
From the study, the developed algorithm (VBA application) is implemented on ArcGIS 9.2 Interface and has shown to be a good tool for the RUSLE model in the study areas. The results of the study present that in the heterogeneous slope area, the finer Digital Elevation Model (DEM) yields more accurate the soil erosion values. In contrast, in the flatter area, coarse DEM derives similar results to the finer ones. The finer OEMs are expensive, therefore it should be used as necessary.
Also, the channelization results using different methods, which combine DEM and a Vector River Network (VRN), are completed. The results show that the VRN is very effective to identify the channels starting points. The study highly recommends to combine the VRN with the DEM for channelization in all cases.
Furthermore, the soil erosion metadata model is established conforming to the ISO 19115. It is found that the basic GIS data (DEM, Vector River Network, etc.) can apply to ISO 19115, but specific metadata (soil types, cropping types, etc.) is needed to identify the particular data. Altogether, the GIS data transfer, the interoperability in GIS, a unique standard for soil classifications, Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) and the soil erosion metadata model should be completed for all soil data in order to share all data from different sources or organizations. The methodologies will support all users to access the most appropriate GIS data and then obtain the more accurate soil erosion.Note de contenu : Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Motivation and problem statement of thesis
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Structure of the thesis
1.5 Basic definitions
Chapter 2 Soil Erosion
2.1 Soil Erosion .
2.1.1 Soil Erosion Types
2.1.2 Principal soil erosion factors
2.2 Soil erosion models
2.2.1 Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model
2.2.2 Revised Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE)
Chapter 3 Geographic Information System and Soil Erosion
3.1 Geographic information system and soil erosion .
3.1.1 Applications of GIS on soil erosion
3.1.2 Development of data model in ArcGIS
3.1.3 ArcObjects in ArcGIS and soil erosion
3.1.4 Geographic Resources Analysis Support System with soil erosion
3.1.5 Slope Length factor calculation with VBA
3.2 Soil GIS data sharing .
3.2.1 Spatial Data Infrastructure .
3.2.2 Interoperability in GIS and standards
3.3 Metadata on soil erosion
3.3.1 Development of metadata for National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Thailand
3.3.2 Metadata on soil erosion and soil data in Europe
3.3.3 Metadata standards
Chapter 4 GIS Application for Soil Erosion Model
4.1 GIS application on soil erosion
4.1.1 Slope Length Calculation
4.1.2 Overall Slope Length calculation process .
4.1.3 Iteration of accumulative Slope Length .
4.1.4 Channelization .
4.1.5 Conclusion of the calculation
4.2 Study areas
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Study Areas in Switzerland
4.2.3 Study area in Thailand
4.3 Application results and discussions
4.3.1 Results in study areas of Switzerland
4.3.2 Results in the Study Area of Chiang Rai province, Thailand
4.3.3 The comparison of results in Thailand and Switzerland
4.4 Conclusion
Chapter 5 GIS Data Quality and Soil Erosion
5.1 Different quality of GIS soil database
5.1.1 World Soils and Terrain Digital Database
5.1.2 The Australian Soil Resource Information System
5.1.3 Thailand soil information system
5.2 Soil GIS data sharing: Thai example
5.2.1 Interoperability in GIS in Thailand
5.3 Web-based GIS soil data
5.3.1 Water Erosion Prediction Project-Climate Assessment Tool
5.3.2 Mapping services in the european soil portal .
Chapter 6 Metadata on Soil and Soil Erosion
6.1 Data model of soil erosion
6.1.1 GIS data model for RUSLE
6.1.2 Required Data for RUSLE
6.2 Soil erosion metadata model
6.2.1 Soil erosion Required Metadata model
6.2.2 ISO 19115 conformity
6.3 Conclusion
Chapter 7 Conclusion and Discussion
7.1 Summary of results
7.2 Outlooks
References
Vita .
AcknowledgementsNuméro de notice : 15506 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005810385 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62739 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15506-01 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible Estimating sea floor dynamics in the southern North Sea to improve bathymetric survey planning / L. Dorst (2009)
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Titre : Estimating sea floor dynamics in the southern North Sea to improve bathymetric survey planning Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : L. Dorst, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2009 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 69 Importance : 220 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-311-2 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bathymétrie
[Termes IGN] bathymétrie
[Termes IGN] covariance
[Termes IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre
[Termes IGN] fond marin
[Termes IGN] géodynamique
[Termes IGN] géostatistique
[Termes IGN] interpolation
[Termes IGN] krigeage
[Termes IGN] marée océanique
[Termes IGN] morphogenèse
[Termes IGN] nivellement indirect
[Termes IGN] Nord, mer du
[Termes IGN] océanographie dynamique
[Termes IGN] port
[Termes IGN] relèvement
[Termes IGN] Rotterdam (Pays-Bas)
[Termes IGN] sable
[Termes IGN] vagueIndex. décimale : 32.10 Bathymétrie Résumé : (Auteur) Safe nautical charts require a carefully designed bathymetric survey policy, especially in shallow sandy seas that potentially have dynamic sea floor patterns. Bathymetric resurveying at sea is a costly process with limited resources, though. A pattern on the sea floor known as tidal sand waves is clearly present in bathymetric surveys, endangering navigation in the Southern North Sea because of the potential dynamics of this pattern. An important factor in an efficient resurvey policy is the type and size of sea floor dynamics. The uncertainties of measurement and interpolation associated with the depth values enable the statistical processing of a time series of surveys, using deformation analysis. Currently, there is no procedure available that satisfies the Royal Netherlands Navy requirements. Therefore, a deformation analysis procedure is designed, implemented and tested in such a way that the procedure works on bathymetric data and satisfies the Royal Netherlands Navy requirements. Also, it is necessary to develop a procedure that translates the results into changes of the resurvey policy, taking into account their confidence intervals.
To describe the sea floor statistically, we assume the sea floor to consist of a spatial trend function (or characterization) and a residual function (or dispersion). Such a description is called a representation. The covariances between positions are expressed in a covariance function, based on the residual function. The covariance function is used by Kriging, an interpolation procedure that propagates the variances and covariances of the data points to variances of the interpolated values. This approach is used widely for spatial analyses, like the interpolation of a bathymetric data set.
The method that we propose uses Kriging to produce a time series of grids of depth values and their variances. Subsequently, it uses deformation analysis, a statistical procedure based on testing theory. Our application of deformation analysis is particularly aimed at the detection of dynamics in areas with tidal sand waves, resulting in parameter estimates for the sea floor dynamics, and their uncertainty. We apply the method to sea floor representations both with and without a sand wave pattern. A test scenario is set up, consisting of a survey of an existing area in the Southern North Sea, for which dynamics are simulated. The results show that the proposed method detects different types of sea floor dynamics well, leading to satisfactory estimates of the corresponding parameters.
We show results for the anchorage area Maas West near the Port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands first. The area is divided into 18 sub-areas. The results show that a sand wave pattern is detected for most of the sub-areas, and a shore-ward migration is detected for a majority of them. The estimated migration rates of the sand waves are up to 7.5 m/yr, with a 95% confidence interval that depends on the regularity of the pattern. The results are in confirmation with previously observed migration rates for the Southern North Sea, and with an idealized process-based model.
Thereafter, we analyze several other areas for which a time series of surveys is available in the bathymetric, archives of the Netherlands Hydrographic Service, to study the spatial variations in sea floor dynamics. We present results for several sand wave areas and a single flat area. In some of those areas, dredging takes place, to guarantee minimum depths. The results indicate sand wave migration in areas close to the coast, and bed level changes of the order of decimeters. The dominant wavelength of the sand waves varies. We compare our results to literature of the same sand wave areas, in which we find similar migration rates, and different wavelengths.
By formulating four indicators, recommendations are made for the resurvey policy on the Belgian and Netherlands Continental Shelf. These indicators follow from the estimates for sea floor dynamics. We present a concept for the shallowest likely depth surface, on which we base two of the indicators. The other two indicators act as a warning: they quantify the potentially missed dynamics, which makes the procedure more robust in case of complicated morphology. We show clear differences in recommended resurvey frequency between the five analyzed regions.
We conclude that the designed method is able to use a time series of bathy-metric surveys for the estimation of sea floor dynamics in a satisfactory way. Those dynamics may be present on the scale of the sea floor, it may be a local effect, or it may be due to a tidal sand wave pattern. Also, the results are successfully reduced to a set of four indicators, used to improve a resurvey policy. Based on these conclusions, we formulate recommendations on the extrapolation of the results in space and time, on potential adaptations to the designed procedure, and on implementation of the procedure.Note de contenu : Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Nautical charting
1.2 Survey plan design
1.3 Detection of sea floor dynamics
1.4 Tidal sand waves
1.5 The uncertainty of depth measurements
1.6 Problem formulation
1.7 Research question and subquestions
1.8 Research strategy and outline
2 Bathymetric applications of Geostatistics
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Depth as a trend and its residuals
2.3 Covariance functions
2.4 Kriging
2.5 Conclusion
3 Estimating sea floor dynamics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The method for the estimation of sea floor dynamics
3.3 Specification of a test scenario
3.4 Analysis results of a dynamic sea floor
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Conclusion
3.A Error characteristics
3.B Transformation of the sand wave parameters
3.C The application of statistical estimation and testing
4 The analysis of migrating tidal sand waves
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The application of deformation analysis
4.3 Results of the deformation analysis
4.4 Discussion of results
4.5 Conclusion
4.A Overview of used surveys
4.B Quantification of measurement errors
4.B.1 Covariance function of the error
4.B.2 Variances of the SEES surveys
4.B.3 Variances of the MBES survey
5 Spatial variations in sea floor dynamics
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Deformation analysis
5.3 The Selected Track region: little dynamics
5.4 The Noordhinder region: comparison with other methods
5.5 The region West of IJmuiden: sand wave migration
5.6 The region North of Terschelling: a flat sea floor
5.7 Discussion
5.8 Conclusion
5.A Overview of used surveys
6 Application to the resurvey policy
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Background: Hydrographic practice
6.3 Method: indicators of sea floor dynamicsNuméro de notice : 15495 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/69Dorst.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62737 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15495-01 32.10 Livre Centre de documentation Topographie Disponible Facteurs de risques de chablis dans les peuplements forestiers : les leçons tirées des tempêtes de 1999 / Francis Colin (2009)
Titre : Facteurs de risques de chablis dans les peuplements forestiers : les leçons tirées des tempêtes de 1999 Type de document : Chapitre/Contribution Auteurs : Francis Colin, Auteur ; Isabelle Vinkler, Auteur ; Philippe Riou-Nivert, Auteur ; Jean-Pierre Renaud , Auteur ; Jean-Christophe Hervé (1961-2017)
, Auteur ; Jérôme Bock, Auteur ; Benjamin Piton
, Auteur
Editeur : Versailles : Quae Année de publication : 2009 Importance : pp 177 - 228 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] dommage forestier causé par facteurs naturels
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] sol forestier
[Termes IGN] tempête
[Termes IGN] tempête Lothar de 1999
[Termes IGN] vent
[Vedettes matières IGN] Economie forestièreNuméro de notice : H2009-006 Affiliation des auteurs : IFN+Ext (1958-2011) Thématique : FORET Nature : Chapître / contribution DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96005
Titre : La forêt redécouverte Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Claude Leroy, Auteur Editeur : Paris : Belin Année de publication : 2009 Importance : 732 p. Format : 17 x 25 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-2-7011-4886-1 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] biochimie
[Termes IGN] botanique
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] feuille (végétation)
[Termes IGN] forêt
[Termes IGN] saison
[Termes IGN] solRésumé : (Editeur) Qu'est-ce qu'une forêt ? Pourquoi les feuilles changent-elles de couleur ? Quelles sont les différences entre un arbre et un arbuste ? Pourquoi les champignons sont-ils indispensables à la survie des forêts ? Que se passe-t-il à l'intérieur d'un bourgeon ? Quel monde microscopique vit dans une vieille souche ? Autant de questions que le promeneur se pose lors d'une sorte en forêt. À travers seize grands thèmes (les herbes, les feuilles, les bourgeons, l'écologie, les activités humaines...) et grâce à de nombreux schémas explicatifs et photos, l'auteur répond à toutes ces questions et à bien d'autres. Les connaissances les plus actuelles sur la biologie végétale sont passées au crible, depuis l'arbre en tant qu'individu jusqu'aux réactions chimiques au sein de la feuille quand elles expliquent ses changements de couleur, en passant par l'organisation de la vie en forêt. Écologie, botanique, physiologie, biochimie sont les grandes disciplines auxquelles cet ouvrage fait référence pour expliquer la forêt. Note de contenu : - Qu'est-ce qu'une forêt ?
- À propos...
- Des arbres
- Des arbustes, des arbrisseaux et des lianes
- Des herbes
- Des feuilles
- Des fleurs
- Des bourgeons et du développement
- Des fruits et des graines
- Des fougères et des mousses
- Des champignons
- Des algues et des lichens
- De la reproduction et de la dissémination
- Des végétaux et des saisons
- Du sol
- Des interrelations
- De l'écologie
- De l'hommeNuméro de notice : 20970 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=63185 Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 20970-01 48.00 Livre Centre de documentation Végétation - Forêt Disponible
Titre : Geomorphology of desert environments Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Anthony J. Parsons, Auteur ; Athol D. Abrahams, Auteur Editeur : Berlin, Heidelberg, Vienne, New York, ... : Springer Année de publication : 2009 Importance : 831 p. Format : 21 x 27 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-4020-5719-9 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomorphologie
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] climat aride
[Termes IGN] désert
[Termes IGN] dune
[Termes IGN] écosystème
[Termes IGN] érosion
[Termes IGN] hydrographie
[Termes IGN] roche
[Termes IGN] sédiment
[Termes IGN] vent de sable
[Termes IGN] zone arideRésumé : (éditeur) About one-third of the Earth's land surface experiences a desert climate, and this area supports approximately 15% of the planet's population. This percentage continues to grow, and with this growth comes the need to acquire and apply an understanding of desert geomorphology. Such an understanding is vital in managing scarce and fragile resources and in mitigating natural hazards. This authoritative reference book is comprehensive in its coverage of the geomorphology of desert environments, and is arranged thematically. It begins with an overview of global deserts, proceeds through treatments of weathering, hillslopes, rivers, piedmonts, lake basins, and aeolian surfaces, and concludes with a discussion of the role of climatic change. Written by a team of international authors, all of whom are active in the field, the chapters cover the spectrum of desert geomorphology. Note de contenu : 1- Introduction
2- Weathering
3- Hillslopes
4- Rivers
5- Piedmonts
6- Lake Basins
7- Aeolian Surfaces
8- Climatic ChangeNuméro de notice : 25829 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Nature : Monographie En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5719-9 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95151 Geostastical modeling of sedimentological parameters using multi-scale terrain variables: application along the Belgian part of the North sea / Els Verfaillie in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 23 n° 1-2 (january 2009)
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