Descripteur
Termes IGN > sciences humaines et sociales > vie des organisations > gestion des risques
gestion des risquesVoir aussi |
Documents disponibles dans cette catégorie (940)
Ajouter le résultat dans votre panier
Visionner les documents numériques
Affiner la recherche Interroger des sources externes
Etendre la recherche sur niveau(x) vers le bas
Titre : Bridging the gap : The measure of urban resilience Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Grazia Brunetta, Éditeur scientifique ; Alessandra Faggian, Éditeur scientifique ; Ombretta Caldarice, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Bâle [Suisse] : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute MDPI Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 266 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-0365-0767-5 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Urbanisme
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] classification et arbre de régression
[Termes IGN] données localisées
[Termes IGN] espace vert
[Termes IGN] géovisualisation
[Termes IGN] ilot thermique urbain
[Termes IGN] Italie
[Termes IGN] logement
[Termes IGN] modèle de simulation
[Termes IGN] modèle dynamique
[Termes IGN] planification urbaine
[Termes IGN] prévention des risques
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] utilisation du sol
[Termes IGN] ville durableRésumé : (auteur) The concept of resilience has arisen as a “new way of thinking”, becoming a response to both the causes and effects of ongoing global challenges. As it strongly stresses cities’ transformative potential, resilience’s final purpose is to prevent and manage unforeseen events and improve communities’ environmental and social quality. Although the resilience theory has been investigated in depth, several methodological challenges remain, mainly related to the concept’s practical sphere. As a matter of fact, resilience is commonly criticised for being too ambiguous and empty of meaning. At the same time, turning resilience into practice is not easy to do. This will arguably be one of the most impactful global issues for future research on resilience. The Special Issue “Bridging the Gap: The Measure of Urban Resilience” falls under this heading, and it seeks to synthesise state-of-the-art knowledge of theories and practices on measuring resilience. The Special Issue collected 11 papers that address the following questions: “What are the theoretical perspectives of measuring urban resilience? What are the existing methods for measuring urban resilience? What are the main features that a technique for measuring urban resilience needs to have? What is the role of measuring urban resilience in operationalising cities’ ability to adapt, recover and benefit from shocks?” Note de contenu : 1- Modelling, measuring, and visualising community resilience: A systematic review
2- Indicators for monitoring urban climate change resilience and adaptation
3- The Multi-risk assessment approach as a basis for the territorial resilience
4- Mapping urban resilience for spatial slanning-A first attempt to measure the vulnerability of the system
5- Breaking the black-box of regional resilience: A taxonomy using a dynamic cumulative shift-share occupational approach
6- Dynamic models for exploring the resilience in territorial scenarios
7- Energy consumption models at urban scale to measure energy resilience
8- Resilience and sectoral composition change of Italian inner areas in response to the great recession
9- Mainstreaming energetic resilience by morphological assessment in ordinary land use planning. The case study of Moncalieri, Turin (Italy)
10- Supporting resilient urban planning through walkability assessment
11- Evaluating and planning green infrastructure: A strategic perspective for sustainability and resilienceNuméro de notice : 28676 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif DOI : 10.3390/books978-3-0365-0767-5 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-0767-5 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99959
Titre : Climate variability and change in the 21th Century Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : Stefanos Stefanidis, Éditeur scientifique ; Konstantia Tolika, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Bâle [Suisse] : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute MDPI Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 384 p. Format : 15 x 22 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-0365-0109-3 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] bassin hydrographique
[Termes IGN] Caucase
[Termes IGN] chaleur
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] climatologie
[Termes IGN] Côte d'Ivoire
[Termes IGN] cultures irriguées
[Termes IGN] gestion de l'eau
[Termes IGN] Guinée
[Termes IGN] image NPP-VIIRS
[Termes IGN] image Sentinel-OLCI
[Termes IGN] image Terra-MODIS
[Termes IGN] incendie
[Termes IGN] modèle hydrographique
[Termes IGN] précipitation
[Termes IGN] ressources en eau
[Termes IGN] sécheresse
[Termes IGN] série temporelleRésumé : (auteur) Water resources management should be assessed under climate change conditions, as historic data cannot replicate future climatic conditions. - Climate change impacts on water resources are bound to affect all water uses, i.e., irrigated agriculture, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower generation, and environmental flow (of streams and rivers) and water level (of lakes). - Bottom-up approaches, i.e., the forcing of hydrologic simulation models with climate change models’ outputs, are the most common engineering practices and considered as climate-resilient water management approaches. - Hydrologic simulations forced by climate change scenarios derived from regional climate models (RCMs) can provide accurate assessments of the future water regime at basin scales. - Irrigated agriculture requires special attention as it is the principal water consumer and alterations of both precipitation and temperature patterns will directly affect agriculture yields and incomes. - Integrated water resources management (IWRM) requires multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, with climate change to be an emerging cornerstone in the IWRM concept. Note de contenu : 1- Study on temporal variations of surface temperature and rainfall at Conakry Airport, Guinea: 1960–2016
2- Ushering in the new era of radiometric intercomparison of multispectral sensors with precision SNO analysis
3- The 10-year return levels of maximum wind speeds under frozen and unfrozen soil forest conditions in Finland
4- Characterization of meteorological droughts occurrences in Côte d’Ivoire: Case of the Sassandra watershed
5- Constraints to vegetation growth reduced by region-specific changes in seasonal climate
6- Influence of bias correction methods on simulated Köppen−Geiger climate zones in Europe
7- Analysis of climate change in the Caucasus region: End of the 20th–beginning of the 21st century
8- Assessing heat waves over Greece using the Excess Heat Factor (EHF)
9- Statistical analysis of recent and future rainfall and temperature variability in the Mono River watershed (Benin, Togo)
10- Multi-model forecasts of very-large fire occurences during the end of the 21st Century
11- Objective definition of climatologically homogeneous areas in the Southern Balkans based on the ERA5 data set
12- Time series analysis of MODIS-derived NDVI for the Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park, South Africa: Impact of recent intense drought
13- Selecting and downscaling a set of climate models for projecting climatic change for impact assessment in the upper indus basin (UIB)
14- Estimating the impact of artificially injected stratospheric aerosols on the global mean surface temperature in the 21th Century
15- A proposal to evaluate drought characteristics using multiple climate models for multiple timescales
16- Spatial and temporal rainfall variability over the mountainous central Pindus (Greece)
17- Intercomparison of univariate and joint bias correction methods in changing climate from a hydrological perspective
18- Projected changes in precipitation, temperature, and drought across California’s hydrologic regions in the 21st CenturyNuméro de notice : 28454 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Recueil / ouvrage collectif DOI : 10.3390/books978-3-0365-0109-3 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-0109-3 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=99023 Deep learning for wildfire progression monitoring using SAR and optical satellite image time series / Puzhao Zhang (2021)
Titre : Deep learning for wildfire progression monitoring using SAR and optical satellite image time series Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Puzhao Zhang, Auteur Editeur : Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 100 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-91-7873-935-6 Note générale : bibliographie
Doctoral Thesis in GeoinformaticsLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image mixte
[Termes IGN] Alberta (Canada)
[Termes IGN] apprentissage profond
[Termes IGN] bande C
[Termes IGN] Californie (Etats-Unis)
[Termes IGN] classification par réseau neuronal convolutif
[Termes IGN] Colombie-Britannique (Canada)
[Termes IGN] détection de changement
[Termes IGN] gestion des risques
[Termes IGN] image radar moirée
[Termes IGN] image Sentinel-SAR
[Termes IGN] incendie de forêt
[Termes IGN] série temporelle
[Termes IGN] surveillance forestière
[Termes IGN] Sydney (Nouvelle-Galles du Sud)
[Termes IGN] zone sinistréeRésumé : (auteur) Wildfires have coexisted with human societies for more than 350 million years, always playing an important role in affecting the Earth's surface and climate. Across the globe, wildfires are becoming larger, more frequent, and longer-duration, and tend to be more destructive both in lives lost and economic costs, because of climate change and human activities. To reduce the damages from such destructive wildfires, it is critical to track wildfire progressions in near real-time, or even real-time. Satellite remote sensing enables cost-effective, accurate, and timely monitoring on the wildfire progressions over vast geographic areas. The free availability of global coverage Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1/2 data opens the new era for global land surface monitoring, providing an opportunity to analyze wildfire impacts around the globe. The advances in both cloud computing and deep learning empower the automatic interpretation of spatio-temporal remote sensing big data on a large scale. The overall objective of this thesis is to investigate the potential of modern medium resolution earth observation data, especially Sentinel-1 C-Band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, in wildfire monitoring and develop operational and effective approaches for real-world applications. This thesis systematically analyzes the physical basis of earth observation data for wildfire applications, and critically reviews the available wildfire burned area mapping methods in terms of satellite data, such as SAR, optical, and SAR-Optical fusion. Taking into account its great power in learning useful representations, deep learning is adopted as the main tool to extract wildfire-induced changes from SAR and optical image time series. On a regional scale, this thesis has conducted the following four fundamental studies that may have the potential to further pave the way for achieving larger scale or even global wildfire monitoring applications. To avoid manual selection of temporal indices and to highlight wildfire-induced changes in burned areas, we proposed an implicit radar convolutional burn index (RCBI), with which we assessed the roles of Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR intensity and phase in SAR-based burned area mapping. The experimental results show that RCBI is more effective than the conventional log-ratio differencing approach in detecting burned areas. Though VV intensity itself may perform poorly, the accuracy can be significantly improved when phase information is integrated using Interferometric SAR (InSAR). On the other hand, VV intensity also shows the potential to improve VH intensity-based detection results with RCBI. By exploiting VH and VV intensity together, the proposed RCBI achieved an overall mapping accuracy of 94.68% and 94.17% on the 2017 Thomas Fire and the 2018 Carr Fire. For the scenario of near real-time application, we investigated and demonstrated the potential Sentinel-1 SAR time series for wildfire progression monitoring with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In this study, the available pre-fire SAR time series were exploited to compute temporal average and standard deviation for characterizing SAR backscatter behaviors over time and highlighting the changes with kMap. Trained with binarized kMap time series in a progression-wise manner, CNN showed good capability in detecting wildfire burned areas and capturing temporal progressions as demonstrated on three large and impactful wildfires with various topographic conditions. Compared to the pseudo masks (binarized kMap), CNN-based framework brought an 0.18 improvement in F1 score on the 2018 Camp Fire, and 0.23 on the 2019 Chuckegg Creek Fire. The experimental results demonstrated that spaceborne SAR time series with deep learning can play a significant role for near real-time wildfire monitoring when the data becomes available at daily and hourly intervals. For continuous wildfire progression mapping, we proposed a novel framework of learning U-Net without forgetting in a near real-time manner. By imposing a temporal consistency restriction on the network response, Learning without Forgetting (LwF) allows the U-Net to learn new capabilities for better handling with newly incoming data, and simultaneously keep its existing capabilities learned before. Unlike the continuous joint training (CJT) with all available historical data, LwF makes U-Net learning not dependent on the historical training data any more. To improve the quality of SAR-based pseudo progression masks, we accumulated the burned areas detected by optical data acquired prior to SAR observations. The experimental results demonstrated that LwF has the potential to match CJT in terms of the agreement between SAR-based results and optical-based ground truth, achieving a F1 score of 0.8423 on the Sydney Fire (2019-2020) and 0.7807 on the Chuckegg Creek Fire (2019). We also found that the SAR cross-polarization ratio (VH/VV) can be very useful in highlighting burned areas when VH and VV have diverse temporal change behaviors. SAR-based change detection often suffers from the variability of the surrounding background noise, we proposed a Total Variation (TV)-regularized U-Net model to relieve the influence of SAR-based noisy masks. Considering the small size of labeled wildfire data, transfer learning was adopted to fine-tune U-Net from pre-trained weights based on the past wildfire data. We quantified the effects of TV regularization on increasing the connectivity of SAR-based areas, and found that TV-regularized U-Net can significantly increase the burned area mapping accuracy, bringing an improvement of 0.0338 in F1 score and 0.0386 in IoU score on the validation set. With TV regularization, U-Net trained with noisy SAR masks achieved the highest F1 (0.6904) and IoU (0.5295), while U-Net trained with optical reference mask achieved the highest F1 (0.7529) and IoU (0.6054) score without TV regularization. When applied on wildfire progression mapping, TV-regularized U-Net also worked significantly better than vanilla U-Net with the supervision of noisy SAR-based masks, visually comparable to optical mask-based results. On the regional scale, we demonstrated the effectiveness of deep learning on SAR-based and SAR-optical fusion based wildfire progression mapping. To scale up deep learning models and make them globally applicable, large-scale globally distributed data is needed. Considering the scarcity of labelled data in the field of remote sensing, weakly/self-supervised learning will be our main research directions to go in the near future. Note de contenu : 1- Introduction
2- Literature review
3- Study areas and data
4- Metodology
5- Results and discussionNuméro de notice : 28309 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD Thesis : Geomatics : RTK Stockholm : 2021 DOI : sans En ligne : http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1557429 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=98130 Développement d’outils d’exploitation des archives photographiques aériennes de l’IGN pour caractériser l’évolution pluridécennale du littoral sur l’île de la Réunion / Adinane Oladjidé Ayichemi (2021)
Titre : Développement d’outils d’exploitation des archives photographiques aériennes de l’IGN pour caractériser l’évolution pluridécennale du littoral sur l’île de la Réunion Type de document : Mémoire Auteurs : Adinane Oladjidé Ayichemi, Auteur Editeur : Le Mans : Ecole Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes ESGT Année de publication : 2021 Importance : 87 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie
Mémoire présenté en vue d'obtenir le diplome d'Ingénieur CNAM Spécialité Géomètre et TopographeLangues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications photogrammétriques
[Termes IGN] catastrophe naturelle
[Termes IGN] détection de changement
[Termes IGN] géomorphologie locale
[Termes IGN] géoréférencement
[Termes IGN] image ancienne
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface
[Termes IGN] orthoimage
[Termes IGN] photographie aérienne
[Termes IGN] prévention des risques
[Termes IGN] Réunion, île de la
[Termes IGN] risque naturel
[Termes IGN] superposition d'imagesIndex. décimale : ESGT Mémoires d'ingénieurs de l'ESGT Résumé : (auteur) Pour anticiper l’ampleur des futures catastrophes naturelles, il est courant de revisiter les changements morphologiques liés aux événements passés enregistrés. La Réunion est une île très exposée aux risques naturels majeurs, notamment les cyclones et les mouvements de terrain, qui perturbent sa vie sociale et économique. Les photographies aériennes historiques offrent aujourd’hui une opportunité pour suivre et décrire l’évolution du paysage grâce à la photogrammétrique moderne. Nous exploitons les archives disponibles pour créer et analyser des modèles numériques de surface en vue de quantifier les effets cycloniques dans la rivière des Galets à la Réunion. Dans ce processus de chasse aux changements locaux, un enregistrement robuste des séquences de campagne et un géoréférencement précis sont des facteurs limitatifs clés. Le co-alignement des photographiques issues de deux différentes missions encadrant un cyclone est effectué afin de limiter les erreurs liées à la distorsion des modèles générés lorsqu’ils seront comparés. À l’aide de la carte des zones stéréo-optimales des missions, que nous avons créée, les régions les plus prioritaires ont été repérées pour identifiés des détails topographiques persistants. Ces détails sont relevés par GNSS pour géoréférencer nos modèles. Une évaluation de la qualité des modèles créés est effectuée afin de garantir dans quelle mesure ils sont exploitables pour détecter des changements morphologiques dans la zone d’intérêt. Note de contenu : 1- Contexte scientifique
2- Rapatriement des données brutes
3- Préparation des données nécessaires pour le calcul photogrammétrique
4- Création des MNS et orthophtos
ConclusionNuméro de notice : 28696 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Mémoire ingénieur ESGT Organisme de stage : Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières BRGM En ligne : https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/MEMOIRES-CNAM/dumas-03526338v1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=100467 Drought propagation and its impact on groundwater hydrology of wetlands: a case study on the Doode Bemde nature reserve (Belgium) / Buruk Kitachew Wossenyeleh in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, vol 21 n° 1 (January 2021)
[article]
Titre : Drought propagation and its impact on groundwater hydrology of wetlands: a case study on the Doode Bemde nature reserve (Belgium) Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Buruk Kitachew Wossenyeleh, Auteur ; Kaleb Asnake Worku, Auteur ; Boud Verbeiren, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : pp 39 - 51 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] Belgique
[Termes IGN] carte hydrographique
[Termes IGN] données météorologiques
[Termes IGN] eau souterraine
[Termes IGN] hydrogéologie
[Termes IGN] réserve naturelle
[Termes IGN] sécheresse
[Termes IGN] surveillance hydrologique
[Termes IGN] zone humideRésumé : (auteur) Drought can be described as a temporary decrease in water availability over a significant period that affects both surface and groundwater resources. Droughts propagate through the hydrological cycle and may impact vulnerable ecosystems. This paper investigates drought propagation in the hydrological cycle, focusing on assessing its impact on a groundwater-fed wetland ecosystem. Meteorological drought indices were used to analyze meteorological drought severity. Moreover, a method for assessing groundwater drought and its propagation in the aquifer was developed and applied. Groundwater drought was analyzed using the variable threshold method. Furthermore, meteorological drought and groundwater drought on recharge were compared to investigate drought propagation in the hydrological cycle. This research is carried out in the Doode Bemde wetland in central Belgium. The results of this research show that droughts are attenuated in the groundwater system. The number and severity of drought events on groundwater discharge were smaller than for groundwater recharge. However, the onset of both drought events occurred at the same time, indicating a quick response of the groundwater system to hydrological stresses. In addition, drought propagation in the hydrological cycle indicated that not all meteorological droughts result in groundwater drought. Furthermore, this drought propagation effect was observed in the wetland. Numéro de notice : A2021-133 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.5194/nhess-21-39-2021 Date de publication en ligne : 08/01/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-39-2021 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96994
in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences > vol 21 n° 1 (January 2021) . - pp 39 - 51[article]Dynamic mechanism of blown sand hazard formation at the Jieqiong section of the Lhasa–Shigatse railway / Shengbo Xie in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, vol 12 n° 1 (2021)PermalinkDynamics of inundation events in the rivers-estuaries-ocean continuum in Bengal delta : synergy between hydrodynamic modelling and spaceborne remote sensing / Md Jamal Uddin Kahn (2021)PermalinkFlood mapping from radar remote sensing using automated image classification techniques / Lisa Landuyt (2021)PermalinkImpact of forest disturbance on InSAR surface displacement time series / Paula M. Bürgi in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 59 n° 1 (January 2021)PermalinkModeling the risk of robbery in the city of Tshwane, South Africa / Nicolas Kemp in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 48 n° 1 (January 2021)PermalinkPermalinkPermalinkDoes recent fire activity impact fire-related traits of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus sylvestris L. in the French Mediterranean area? / Bastien Romero in Annals of Forest Science, vol 77 n° 4 (December 2020)PermalinkA framework for unsupervised wildfire damage assessment using VHR satellite images with PlanetScope data / Minkyung Chung in Remote sensing, vol 12 n° 22 (December-1 2020)PermalinkLarge-scale stochastic flood hazard analysis applied to the Po River / A. Curran in Natural Hazards, vol 104 n° 3 (December 2020)Permalink