Descripteur
Termes IGN > sciences naturelles > physique > optique > optique physique > radiométrie > rayonnement électromagnétique > propagation troposphérique
propagation troposphériqueSynonyme(s)effet troposphériqueVoir aussi |
Documents disponibles dans cette catégorie (190)
Ajouter le résultat dans votre panier
Visionner les documents numériques
Affiner la recherche Interroger des sources externes
Etendre la recherche sur niveau(x) vers le bas
Titre : On ground-based GPS tropospheric delay estimation : Vollständiger Abdruck der an der Fakultät für Bauingenieur- und Vermessungswesen der Universität der Bundeswehr München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.-Ing.) eingereichten Dissertation Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Torben Schüler, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Universität der Bundeswehr Année de publication : 2001 Importance : 364 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie
mémoire de docteur ingénieur de l'université de MunichLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] retard troposphériqueRésumé : (auteur) NAVSTAR GPS has become an important aid in navigation and precise space geodesy. Permanent tracking networks like the global IGS net of the International GPS Service for Geodynamics and regional densifications like the German Reference Frame GREF have become very valuable for many scientific applications. For parameter estimation in largescale networks, two major error sources have to be reduced, namely the orbit error of the GPS space vehicles and the propagation delay in the troposphere. In 1992, the IGS started to produce precise GPS orbits which became a standard product of high precision that virtually eliminated orbit uncertainties from the list of significant contributors to the overall error budget. The remaining problem is that of modeling wet delays with high precision. All conventional models have to fail in this task due to the impossibility of modeling wet delays solely from surface measurements like temperature and relative humidity. Actually, the non-hydrostatic component of the tropospheric propagation delay is highly influenced by the distribution of water vapor in the lower troposphere which cannot be sufficiently predicted with sole help of surface measurements. A work-around is to include atmospheric parameters as additional unknowns in the analysis of GPS data from permanent monitor stations that turns out to improve the quality of position estimates. Moreover, knowledge of zenith wet delays allows to obtain a highly interesting value for climatology and meteorology: integrated or precipitable water vapor being important for the energy balance of the atmosphere and holds share of more than 60% of the natural greenhouse effect. GPS can thereby contribute to the improvement of climate models and weather forecasting. This work outlines the application of ground-based GPS to climate research and meteorology without omitting the fact that precise GPS positioning can also highly benefit from using numerical weather models for tropospheric delay determination for applications where GPS troposphere estimation is not possible, for example kinematic and rapid static surveys. In this sense, the technique of GPS-derived tropospheric delays is seen as mutually improving both disciplines, precise positioning as well as meteorology and climatology. Chapters 1 to 4 constitute the theoretical part of this study with first introducing the reader to the importance of water vapor and tropospheric delays (Chapter 1) and outlining the principles of GPS data processing (Chapter 2) with special emphasis on tropospheric delay modeling (Chapter 3). Furthermore, a brief introduction to numerical weather models and extraction methods for needed data is given (Chapter 4) and approaches to combine both data sets - tropospheric delays from numerical weather fields and GPS delays - are described. Chapters 5 to 7 describe several experiments to validate and assess the quality of numerical weather model data (Chapter 5), GPS-derived troposphere propagation delays (Chapter 6) and combined solutions (Chapter 7). Finally, a summary of the application of ground-based GNSS for tropospheric delay estimation is given (Chapter 8). Note de contenu : 1- Introduction
2- Principles of GPS data processing
3- Modeling and estimating tropospheric propagation delays
4- Application of numerical weather models
5- Validation of numerical weather model data
6- GPS validation experiments
7- Quality assessment of TROPEX dataNuméro de notice : 14864 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : mémoire de docteur ingénieur : : Université de Munich : 2001 DOI : sans En ligne : https://athene-forschung.unibw.de/85240?id=85240 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75853
Titre : Solar spectrometry for determination of tropospheric water vapor Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Bernd Sierk, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Schweizerischen Geodatischen Kommission / Commission Géodésique Suisse Année de publication : 2001 Collection : Geodätisch-Geophysikalische Arbeiten in der Schweiz, ISSN 0257-1722 num. 62 Importance : 212 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-908440-04-8 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] absorption atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] campagne d'expérimentation
[Termes IGN] modèle de transfert radiatif
[Termes IGN] propagation troposphérique
[Termes IGN] rayonnement solaire
[Termes IGN] spectromètre
[Termes IGN] spectrométrie
[Termes IGN] traitement de données
[Termes IGN] troposphère
[Termes IGN] vapeur d'eauRésumé : (Auteur) This study reports the development of a new instrumental approach to ground based remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor. It is based on the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS)-technique using high-resolution absorption spectra of solar radiation in the visible and near infrared spectral region. The investigations include theoretical aspects of the measurement process, simulations for optimizing instrumental parameters, design and construction of the spectrometer system, as well as validation of the technique by comparisons with independent methods. The first step was the implementation of a numerical radiative transfer model which simulates the process of molecular line absorption in the troposphere. It computes theoretical transmission functions of the atmosphere by calculating superposed individual transitions on a line-by-line basis. The line parameters of the vibrationrotational transitions were taken from the molecular database HITRAN. The model was used for determining the specifications of the spectrometer system, such as the optimum spectral intervals for the DOAS measurements. On the basis of these simulations a dedicated DOAS system was developed, which comprises a Sun tracking telescope with integrated premonochromator and a highresolution Echelle grating spectrometer called SAMOS (Solar Atmospheric MOnitoring Spectrometer). The spectrometer prototype is characterized by a high spectral resolution of better then 2 picometers over the entire measurable range and an integrated absolute wavelength calibration based on simultaneous measurements of neon reference spectra. The algorithm for processing SAMOS spectra is based on a least squares fit of the radiative transfer model to the measured spectra by adjusting the parameter for the precipitable water vapor (PW). First results revealed offsets between retrievals from different spectral intervals, implying significant errors in the HITRAN line parameters. Therefore line strength parameters were estimated using a dataset of radiosonde soundings and simultaneous SAMOS measurements, which greatly enhanced the redundancy of the retrievals. The new instrument was deployed in several field campaigns with collocated water vapor radiometers (WVR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, in which the feasibility of the solar spectrometry technique was proven. The comparison of SAMOS results with PW estimates from GPS data yielded a statistical agreement within 1 kg/m. However, systematic deviations were observed which are likely to arise from inherent effects of the GPS meteorology technique. The accuracy analysis of the solar spectrometry approach revealed that the largest fraction of retrieval error arises from uncertainties in the line parameters. The low sensitivity to model assumptions on meteorological profiles enables accurate retrievals of PW, but was found to render the possibility of deriving vertical humidity profiles from SAMOS spectra impracticable. The new technique can contribute to the validation and calibration of GPS water vapor estimates for meteorological applications. Numéro de notice : 13176 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Autre URL associée : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004039907 Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-004039907 En ligne : https://www.sgc.ethz.ch/sgc-volumes/sgk-62.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54901 Réservation
Réserver ce documentExemplaires(2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13176-02 35.45 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible 13176-01 35.45 Livre Centre de documentation Télédétection Disponible The use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals in numerical weather prediction (NWP) / Lidia Cucurull Molina (2001)
Titre : The use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals in numerical weather prediction (NWP) Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Lidia Cucurull Molina, Auteur ; Antonio Rius, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Barcelone [Espagne] : Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, IEEC-CSIC Année de publication : 2001 Importance : 151 p. Note générale : bibliographie
Thèses présentées à l'Université de Physique de Barcelone pour obtenir le grade de docteur.Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] données GPS
[Termes IGN] données météorologiques
[Termes IGN] prévision météorologique
[Termes IGN] retard troposphérique zénithalNote de contenu : 1. Motivation
2. Introduction to NWP models
2.1. Basics of meteorological models
2.2. Data assimilation techniques
3. A new observational data source: GPS system
3.1. Timedelay effects on GPS signal
3.2. Modeling of the neutral atmospheric delay
4. The use of GPS to validate NWP models: atmospheric delays
4.1. The HIRLAM model: December 1996
4.2. The MM5 model: September 1999
4.3. The MASS model: September 1998
5. Variational assimilation of GPS-derived observations: 1D-VAR
5.1. 1D-VAR assimiliation of zenith total delay and surface pressure
5.2. Evaluation of the assimilation of ZTD observations
5.3. Assimilation of simulated ZTD observations
5.4. Evaluation of the assimilation of ZTD and Ps observations
5.5. Assimilation of real ZTD and Ps observations
6. Variational assimilation of GPS-derived observations: 4D-VAR
6.1. 4D-VAR assimilation of simulated precipitable water into a mesoscale model
6.2. 4D-VAR assimilation of zenith total delay observations into a mesoscale model
7. ConclusionsNuméro de notice : 19787 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Thèse de doctorat : Physique : Barcelone : 2001 Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85091 Documents numériques
en open access
The use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals in numerical weather prediction (NWP)Adobe Acrobat PDF Deutsche Beiträge zu GPS-Kampagnen des Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 1995-1998 / R. Dietrich (2000)
Titre : Deutsche Beiträge zu GPS-Kampagnen des Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 1995-1998 Titre original : [Contributions allemandes aux campagnes GPS du SCAR 1995-1998] Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : R. Dietrich, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 2000 Collection : DGK - B Sous-collection : Angewandte Geodäsie num. 310 Importance : 227 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-8590-9 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Navigation et positionnement
[Termes IGN] Antarctique
[Termes IGN] antenne GPS
[Termes IGN] Bernese
[Termes IGN] campagne GPS
[Termes IGN] centre de phase
[Termes IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre
[Termes IGN] GIPSY-OASIS
[Termes IGN] International Terrestrial Reference Frame
[Termes IGN] phase GPS
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS
[Termes IGN] propagation troposphérique
[Termes IGN] réseau altimétrique local
[Termes IGN] séisme
[Termes IGN] tectonique des plaquesIndex. décimale : 30.70 Navigation et positionnement Note de contenu : R. Dietrich, R. Dach, G. Engelhardt, J. Ihde, W. Korth, H. Kutterer, K. Lindner, M. Mayer, F. Menge, H. Miller, C. Müller, W. Niemeier, J. Perlt, M. Pohl, H. Salbach, H.-W. Schenke, T. Schöne, G. Seeber, A. Veit und C. Völksen : Ergebnisse der SCAR GPS Kampagnen-ITRF-Koordinaten und Geschwindigkeiten
T. Schöne, G. Udintsev, H. W. Schenke, M. Forberg und M. Pohl : Verlauf der Forschungsfahrt der „Akademik Boris Petrov" während GAP98
K. Lindner, M. Mayer, H. Kutterer und B. Heck : Die Vermarkung der Netzpunkte - eine Bestandsaufnahme
R. Dach, R. Dietrich, W. Korth und J. Perlt : Auswertestrategie und Ergebnisse der Auswertegruppe der TU Dresden für die SCAR GPS Kampagnen
X. Chen, M. Forberg, H. W. Schenke, M. Pohl, T. Schöne und C. Le Provost : Auswertung von Daten der SCAR-GPS-Kampagnen und Permanentstationen in der Antarktis und Umgebung
M. Mayer, K. Lindner, H. Kutterer und B. Heck : Eine Strategie zur Ermittlung hochgenauer Koordinaten und Bewegungsraten im ITRF96 unter Verwendung der Berner GPS-Software Version 4.0
G. Engelhardt, P. Gabenski und K. Vassileva : Zur Ableitung von Bewegungsparametern im Referenznetz Antarktis - Die Lösung des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie unter Nutzung der Berner GPS-Auswertesoftware
F. Menge und G. Seeber : Auswertung der SCAR GPS Kampagnen mit GEONAP
F. Menge, C. Völksen und G. Seeber : Analyse von SCAR GPS Epochen- und Permanent-stationsdaten aus der Antarktis mit GIPSY/OASIS-II
W. Niemeier, M. Rennen und H. Salbach : Bestimmung regionaler und globaler Deformationen im Bereich der Antarktischen Halbinsel
M. Mayer, K. Lindner, H. Kutterer und B. Heck : Deformationsanalyse zur Aufdeckung von Punkt- und Blockbewegungen im Bereich der Antarktischen Halbinsel
A. Veit und H. Miller : Geochemische Charakterisierung des pliozänen/pleistozänen Vulkanismus beiderseits der Bransfleld-Straße - Ein Beitrag zur plattentektonischen Situation an der Nordspitze der Antarktischen Halbinsel
C. Müller : Seismotektonik in den Bereichen der Antarktischen Halbinsel, des Scotia und Weddell Meeres
C. Müller : Seismische Anisotropie in Antarktika
F. Menge und G. Seeber : Untersuchungen und Beiträge zur Problematik der Phasenzentrumsvariationen von GPS Antennen
C. Depenthal, M. Mayer, H. Kutterer, K. Lindner und B. Heck : Einfluß der Atmosphäre auf GPS-Beobachtungen im Bereich der Antarktis
J. Howind, M. Böhringer, M. Mayer, H. Kutterer, K. Lindner und B. Heck : Korrelationsstudien bei GPS-Phasenbeobachtungen
M. Forberg, M. Pohl, H. W. Schenke und T. Schöne : GPS und Pegelmessungen in der Antarktis - Ein Beitrag zum einheitlichen Höhendatum
R. Dach : Auswirkungen von Auflastdeformationen durch Ozeangezeiten auf die GPS-Auswertung
W. Korth, J. Perlt und R. Dietrich : Ergebnisse geodätisch-glaziologischer Feldarbeiten während der Expedition 1998 in der Region der SchirmacheroaseNuméro de notice : 33070 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Rapport Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=42270 Réservation
Réserver ce documentExemplaires(2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 33070-02 30.70 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible 33070-01 30.70 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible
Titre : Elements of GPS precise point positioning Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Boonsap Witchayangkoon, Auteur ; Alfred Leick, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Maine [Etats-Unis] : University of Maine Année de publication : 2000 Importance : 286 p. Note générale : bibliographie
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in Spatial Information Science and Engineering)Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Navigation et positionnement
[Termes IGN] éphémérides de satellite
[Termes IGN] filtre de Kalman
[Termes IGN] géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] Global Orbitography Navigation Satellite System
[Termes IGN] Global Positioning System
[Termes IGN] horloge
[Termes IGN] International Terrestrial Reference Frame
[Termes IGN] marée océanique
[Termes IGN] orbite
[Termes IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis
[Termes IGN] propagation ionosphérique
[Termes IGN] propagation troposphérique
[Termes IGN] récepteur bifréquence
[Termes IGN] récepteur monofréquence
[Termes IGN] surcharge atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] surcharge océanique
[Termes IGN] tectonique des plaquesRésumé : (auteur) The International GPS Service (IGS) now regularly makes accurate GPS ephemeris and satellite clock information available over the Internet. The satellite coordinates are given in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). This thesis investigates Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using dual and single frequency pseudorange and carrier phase observations. Both the static and kinematic modes are investigated. The static PPP solution examples use six-hour data sets from four stations. The observations were made while Selective Availability (SA) was active and after it had been discontinued. The static solutions agree to within 10 cm with published coordinates or with solutions obtained from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) PPP Internet service. The kinematic solutions show a discrepancy of less than one meter, mostly around half a meter. For observations with low multipath, the research shows that single-frequency ionosphere-free PPP solutions are equivalent to the dual-frequency solutions. In case of single-frequency observations the pseudorange dominates the solution. Using a priori tropospheric information does not seem to improve dual-frequency PPP solutions as compared to the case when the vertical tropospheric delay is estimated as part of the Kalman filter solution. However, a priori tropospheric information seems to provide benefits to single-frequency kinematic PPP. The Saastamoinen model is used when computing the zenith tropospheric delay. In all cases, the Neill's mapping function is applied. The studies show high correlation between receiver clock and the up coordinate. The troposphere has a high negative correlation with receiver clock and the up coordinate. However, the troposphere is more correlated with the receiver clock than the up component. All solutions incorporate corrections for solid earth tides, relativity, and satellite antenna phase center offsets. Corrections have not been applied for the phase wind-up angle. The widelane and ionospheric functions are used to detect and fix cycle slips in a semigraphical manner. Since even a single cycle slip significantly falsifies PPP solutions, it is suggested that between-satellite carrier phases be used as another way of detecting slips (now since SA has been discontinued). The software consists mostly of highly modular Mathcad functions that form an excellent base for continued research of PPP. Note de contenu : 1. Introduction
1.1. Research goals
1.2. Motivation
1.3. Previous relevant works
1.4. Approach
1.5. Thesis organization
2. Background
2.1. The GPS system
2.2. The GLONASS system
2.3. Components of PPP
3. Geophysical models
3.1. Deformable Earth
3.2. Solid Earth tides
3.3. Ocean loading
3.4. Plate tectonic motion
3.5. Atmospheric tides
4. International terrestrial reference frame (ITRF)
4.1. General statements on reference frames
4.2. The ITRF
4.3. Transformation between ITRFs
4.4. Orientation and origin of the ITRF
4.5. The draft ITRF-2000 reference frame
4.6. GPS WGS-84
4.7. Agreement between WGS-84 and ITRF
5. Troposphere and ionosphere
5.1. Standard atmosphere
5.2. Troposhpere
5.3. Ionosphere
6. Precise IGS orbit and satellite clock
6.1. IGS orbital analysis and its products
6.2. The SP3 ephemeris
6.3. Lagrange interpolation
7. Mathematical implementations
7.1. Dilution of precision
7.2. Cycle slip detection and removal
7.3. Kalman filter
8. Numerical study and results
8.1. Data sets
8.2. A priori Kalman filter settings
8.3. Analysis Example
8.4. Experiments
9. Conclusions and recommendations
9.1. Conclusions
9.2. RecommendationsNuméro de notice : 19800 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD thesis : Spatial Information Science and Engineering : Maine : 2000 Organisme de stage : The University of Maine DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.academia.edu/583010/Elements_of_GPS_precise_point_positioning Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85126 Documents numériques
en open access
Elements of gps precise point positioningAdobe Acrobat PDF Untersuchung von GPS-Beobachtungen für kleinräumige geodätische Netze / R. Hollmann (2000)PermalinkModeling the neutral-atmospheric propagation delay in radiometric space techniques / Virgilio de Brito Mendes (1999)Permalink1998 Analysis center workshop proceedings, Darmstadt, February 9-11, 1998 / John M. Dow (1998)PermalinkMehrdimensionale Interpolation von Meteorologischen Feldern zur Berechnung der Brechungsbedingungen in der Geodäsie / Hans Arnold Hirter (1998)PermalinkUsing DORIS for determining the tropospheric delay : implications on climatology and meteorology / Pascal Willis (1998)PermalinkPermalinkSéminaire Géodésie Spatiale par méthode dynamique : applications au positionnement Doris, 1. Première partie [du] 4/4/1996 : Géodésie Spatiale par méthode dynamique / Pascal Willis (1996)PermalinkEstimation du délai troposphérique dans le traitement des données Doris / N. Bondarenco (1994)PermalinkIntroduction à la géodésie spatiale, 1. 1ère partie Méthodes modernes en positionnement géodésique / Pascal Willis (1994)PermalinkIntroduction à la géodésie spatiale : Méthodes modernes en positionnement géodésique, mai 1991 / Pascal Willis (1992)PermalinkPermalinkDetermination of surface reflectance and estimates of atmospheric optical depth and single scattering albedo from Landsat Thematic Mapper data / J.E. Conel in International Journal of Remote Sensing IJRS, vol 11 n° 5 (May 1990)PermalinkCombination of terrestrial and GPS data for Earth deformation studies / D.B. Grant (1990)PermalinkAtmospheric effects on geodetic space measurements / F.K. Brunner (1988)PermalinkEin neues Korrekturmodell für Mikrowellen-Entfernungsmessungen zu Satelliten / M. Rahnemoon (1988)PermalinkEffets de la troposphère sur les mesures de distance terre - satellite / H. Berrada-Baby (1987)PermalinkMethods to correct, for the tropospheric delay in satellite-Earth range measurements / Gunnar Elgered (04/11/1985)PermalinkAtmospheric corrections for remote sensing / E.M. Rollin (1985)PermalinkEffets de la troposphère sur les mesures de distance Terre - satellite, application au projet DORIS / P. Gole (1985)PermalinkSatellite-Earth range measurements : Correction of the excess path length due to atmospheric water vapour by ground based microwave radiometry / Gunnar Elgered (1985)Permalink