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Filtermethoden zur fehlertoleranten kinematischen Positionsbestimmung / J.G. Wang (1997)
Titre : Filtermethoden zur fehlertoleranten kinematischen Positionsbestimmung Titre original : Filtering methods for error-tolerant kinematic positioning Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : J.G. Wang, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Universität der Bundeswehr Année de publication : 1997 Collection : Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Geodäsie, ISSN 0173-1009 num. 52 Importance : 135 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] compensation
[Termes IGN] erreur systématique
[Termes IGN] filtre de Kalman
[Termes IGN] GPS en mode cinématique
[Termes IGN] positionnement cinématique
[Termes IGN] varianceIndex. décimale : 30.61 Systèmes de Positionnement par Satellites du GNSS Résumé : (Auteur) The estimation process, the Kalman filter, is probably the most common optimal filtering technique for estimating the state of a linear system. In this thesis filtering methods for error-tolerant kinematic positioning are systemtic researched. This includes such topics as, statistical tests, the identification of gross errors in the observations, the identification of sensor systematic errors, the estimation of variance components and robust estimation in the Kalman filter.
With respect to theory, the analysis of reliability was incorporated into the theory of the Kalman filter as one of the most important parts on the quality control of a linear system. The method developed by Foerstner [19791 on the a-posteriori estimation of variance components was used for each type of observation and for all factors of the process noise in the Kalman filter. The difference between the FM-smoothing [Mayne, 1966; Fraser 1967] and the RTS-smoothing [Rauch, Tung, Striebel, 1965] was illuminated by objective functions and with the help of some examples. For the identification of gross errors a method was developed which makes use of additional parameters in the estimation process. The initialisation of these additional parameters can be introduced into the system as pseudo-observations, with expection zero and the very large variance. The robust method developed by Li [1983] was also realized in the Kalman filter.
With regard to the application of the Kalman filter to kinematic surveying, three models presented in this thesis were evaluated in the context of quality control with respect to accuracy, reliability, predictive residual errors, corrections of the observations and curvature of the filtered trajectories. Furthermore, statistical tests, methods for identification and compensation of gross errors in observations and methods for identification and compensation of sensor systematic errors and robust Kalman filter were investigated. All methods described in this thesis are put into practice with the help of simulated examples and were compared under the aspects mentioned above.
Chapter 1 gives an introduction to this thesis.
In Chapter 2 the fundamental principles of optimal linear filtering in discrete time is briefly introduced at first. Then the Kalman filter algorithm is derived using a least-squares approach. Afterwards it goes into the quality control in the Kalman filter. Especially the importance of the redundancies of the various kinds of observations is emphasized. The method of the a-posteriori estimation of variance components [Foerstner, 19791 will be used in the Kalman filter in this Chapter.
Chapter 3 presents the necessary fundamentals of kinematics
Chapter 4 is devoted to the establishment and evaluation of system models for kinematic positioning. The main aspects of Chapter 2 are realized for the filtering of land vehicle trajectories and are discussed in detail by three simulated examples. This performance analysis is very important for the practical application of the Kalman filter on kinematic positioning of land vehicle trajectories.
The next three Chapters, Chapter 5, 6 and 7, form two important parts of this thesis. The first one deals with the identification and compensation of gross errors in observations in Chapters 5 and 7. The second one deals with the identification and compensation of sensor systematic errors.
On one hand, the statistical tests and the recognizability of gross errors in observations are put up for the Kalman filter in Chapter 5. On the other hand, three proceedings are described for the identification and compensation of gross errors in the observations.
Chapter 6 concerns itself with the identification and compensation of sensor systematic errors. The considered systematic errors are constant, constant with a leap and time varying sensor systematic errors. The recognizability of the constant systematic error is also investigated in this Chapter.
Chapter 7 goes back to the handling of gross observation errors but only relating to robust Kalman filter. Two kinds of robust Kalman filter are described in detail. The first kind are the one-step methods, which are used directly in real time. The scaled-contaminated model and the methods which uses score functions based on the Bayes' theorem belong to this kind of robust Kalman filter. The second kind are the methods based on the weight or variance iteration of observations, which flow from the adjustment into the Kalman filter and are used in post processing. As examples, two algorithms are constructed with the Huber-function and the Hampel-function respectively. Besides, the robust method based on the a-posteriori estimation of variance components of observations, which was developed by Li [1983], is realized in the Kalman filter in this Chapter.
In Chapter 8, a strategy is presented for a comprehensive post processing of data from the kinematic surveying of land vehicle trajectory.
Chapter 9 summarizes the thesis.Numéro de notice : 61553 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=60949 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 61553-01 30.61 Livre Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible Geodetic Activities, Juneau Icefield, Alaska, 1981-1996 / W.M. Welsch (1997)
Titre : Geodetic Activities, Juneau Icefield, Alaska, 1981-1996 Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : W.M. Welsch, Éditeur scientifique ; M. Lang, Éditeur scientifique ; M.M. Miller, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Munich : Universität der Bundeswehr Année de publication : 1997 Collection : Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Geodäsie, ISSN 0173-1009 num. 50 Importance : 268 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] Alaska (Etats-Unis)
[Termes IGN] glacier
[Termes IGN] glaciologie
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] photogrammétrie terrestre
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPSIndex. décimale : 30.02 Géodésie - travaux divers Numéro de notice : 63938 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=61237 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 63938-01 30.02 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible GIS-basierte Quantifizierung der Denudation im Zentralen Kenia Rift / S. Rössner (1997)
Titre : GIS-basierte Quantifizierung der Denudation im Zentralen Kenia Rift Titre original : [Quantification basée sur le SIG de la dénudation du rift central au Kenya] Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : S. Rössner, Auteur Editeur : Munich : Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Année de publication : 1997 Collection : DGK - C Sous-collection : Dissertationen num. 475 Importance : 111 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-7696-9515-1 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] données géologiques
[Termes IGN] érosion
[Termes IGN] géologie locale
[Termes IGN] Kenya
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain
[Termes IGN] point de vérification
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS
[Termes IGN] rift
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographique
[Termes IGN] variabilitéRésumé : (Auteur) In this work a GIS-based approach for quantification of average surface lowering (denudation) was developed. The goal in using a GIS (Geographic Information System) was to explore the methodological opportunities of a GIS in order to obtain spatially high-resolution denudation rates which form the basis for investigations of the regional variability of denudation and its relationship to other landscape-forming factors.
Such a spatially differentiated view of denudation requires a landscape frame of reference which allows direct quantification of the amount of eroded material in the source area of denudation. Within the Bahati-Kinangop Plateau (Central Kenya Rift) this condition is fulfilled for a 700 sq. km. area, where the highest topography is formed by relict elements of a dated erosional surface. These relict parts of the present relief are used to reconstruct the pre-erosional surface at the time when the plateau came into existence (about 3 Ma ago). The elevation difference between the pre-erosional and the present relief represents the amount of denudation since plateau formation. Thus, present topography is a direct measure of the long-term avarage intensity of denudation during the last 3 Ma in this area.
Calculation of denudation rates using the elevation difference method consisted of several steps. It included the derivation of modelling assumptions which were needed for reconstruction of the initial plateau surface based on the geological-tectonic evolution of the area. Additionally, the analogous geo-scientific and topographic data had to be integrated into a digital database in order to perform a quantification of denudation rates within a GIS.
Due to the close morphological relationship between inital and present surfaces, the generation of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the present surface formed the starting point of the GIS-based data analysis. This DEM was obtained from contours of the 1:50.000 topographic maps by creating a triangulated irregular network (TIN) forming the basis for a regular raster interpolation. In order to achieve an average height accuracy in the range of half of an equidistance, a control point based approach was developed. It assess the height accuracy of the DEM in relation to map control points as well as to the real surface as determined by relative GPS measurements in the field.
The reconstruction of the initial plateau surface is based on a combined analysis of topographic and geological information within the GIS which resulted in 96 relict surface elements representing the input information for digital modelling of the pre-erosional relief. Plausibility checks showed that the generated initial surface is in overall accordance to the modelling assumptions. The denudation rates which were derived from the elevation differences between the two DEMs vary between 1 and 20 m/Ma in about 75 % of the study area. The most deeply eroded areas are characterized by rates between 45 and 100 m/Ma and are limited to 5 % of the area. The relict parts of the relief with denudation rates between 0 and 1 m/Ma occupy about 5 % of the area. These results compare well with rates typical for tectonically stable highland areas of Africa.
This GIS-based approach allows assessment of denuation rates in a well understood and reliable way. The results are characterized by a high spatial resolution which has not been obtained so far by other methods used for quantification of denudation. These high resolution rates offer the opportunity of a differentiated regional analysis. As long-term avarage rates they reflect the natural intensity of denudation. Such information are of special value in this area of present intense farming, because they can be used for estimating the influence of human landuse on the intensity of denudation.
(Auteur)In this work a GIS-based approach for quantification of average surface lowering (denudation) was developed. The goal in using a GIS (Geographic Information System) was to explore the methodological opportunities of a GIS in order to obtain spatially high-resolution denudation rates which form the basis for investigations of the regional variability of denudation and its relationship to other landscape-forming factors.
Such a spatially differentiated view of denudation requires a landscape frame of reference which allows direct quantification of the amount of eroded material in the source area of denudation. Within the Bahati-Kinangop Plateau (Central Kenya Rift) this condition is fulfilled for a 700 sq. km. area, where the highest topography is formed by relict elements of a dated erosional surface. These relict parts of the present relief are used to reconstruct the pre-erosional surface at the time when the plateau came into existence (about 3 Ma ago). The elevation difference between the pre-erosional and the present relief represents the amount of denudation since plateau formation. Thus, present topography is a direct measure of the long-term avarage intensity of denudation during the last 3 Ma in this area.
Calculation of denudation rates using the elevation difference method consisted of several steps. It included the derivation of modelling assumptions which were needed for reconstruction of the initial plateau surface based on the geological-tectonic evolution of the area. Additionally, the analogous geo-scientific and topographic data had to be integrated into a digital database in order to perform a quantification of denudation rates within a GIS.
Due to the close morphological relationship between inital and present surfaces, the generation of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the present surface formed the starting point of the GIS-based data analysis. This DEM was obtained from contours of the 1:50.000 topographic maps by creating a triangulated irregular network (TIN) forming the basis for a regular raster interpolation. In order to achieve an average height accuracy in the range of half of an equidistance, a control point based approach was developed. It assess the height accuracy of the DEM in relation to map control points as well as to the real surface as determined by relative GPS measurements in the field.
The reconstruction of the initial plateau surface is based on a combined analysis of topographic and geological information within the GIS which resulted in 96 relict surface elements representing the input information for digital modelling of the pre-erosional relief. Plausibility checks showed that the generated initial surface is in overall accordance to the modelling assumptions. The denudation rates which were derived from the elevation differences between the two DEMs vary between 1 and 20 m/Ma in about 75 % of the study area. The most deeply eroded areas are characterized by rates between 45 and 100 m/Ma and are limited to 5 % of the area. The relict parts of the relief with denudation rates between 0 and 1 m/Ma occupy about 5 % of the area. These results compare well with rates typical for tectonically stable highland areas of Africa.
This GIS-based approach allows assessment of denuation rates in a well understood and reliable way. The results are characterized by a high spatial resolution which has not been obtained so far by other methods used for quantification of denudation. These high resolution rates offer the opportunity of a differentiated regional analysis. As long-term avarage rates they reflect the natural intensity of denudation. Such information are of special value in this area of present intense farming, because they can be used for estimating the influence of human landuse on the intensity of denudation.Numéro de notice : 28015 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=63362 Exemplaires(2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 28015-01 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible 28015-02 37.40 Livre Centre de documentation Géomatique Disponible Positionnement par satellites / Pascal Willis (1997)
Titre : Positionnement par satellites Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Pascal Willis , Auteur Editeur : Paris : Institut Géographique National - IGN (1940-2007) Année de publication : 1997 Collection : Publications du LAREG Sous-collection : Communications Conférence : CNIG 1997, Réunion nationale du Conseil National de l'Information Geographique 25/11/1997 25/11/1997 Paris France Importance : 15 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie
Présentation à la réunion plénière du Conseil National de l'Information Géographique (CNIG), Paris, 25 novembre 1997Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS
[Termes IGN] système de positionnement par satellitesIndex. décimale : 30.61 Systèmes de Positionnement par Satellites du GNSS Résumé : (Auteur) Synthèse des différents systèmes spatiaux pour la navigation et/ou le positionnement par sattelite. Numéro de notice : 18066 Affiliation des auteurs : LAREG (1991-2011) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Conférence invitée nature-HAL : ComSansActesPubliés-Unpublished DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=64415 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 18066-01 30.61 Tiré à part Centre de documentation Géodésie Disponible Présentation du LAREG au Groupe Géodésie du CST et aux Journées de la Recherche, Marne-la-Vallée, 11 mars 1997 / Claude Boucher (1997)
Titre : Présentation du LAREG au Groupe Géodésie du CST et aux Journées de la Recherche, Marne-la-Vallée, 11 mars 1997 Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Claude Boucher , Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Paris : Institut Géographique National - IGN (1940-2007) Année de publication : 1997 Collection : Publications du LAREG Sous-collection : Communications Conférence : Journées Recherche de l'IGN 1997 11/03/1997 13/03/1997 Champs-sur-Marne France Importance : 60 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale
[Termes IGN] Antarctique
[Termes IGN] DORIS
[Termes IGN] géoïde local
[Termes IGN] Global Navigation Satellite System
[Termes IGN] Global Orbitography Navigation Satellite System
[Termes IGN] GPS en mode cinématique
[Termes IGN] International Terrestrial Reference Frame
[Termes IGN] Jason
[Termes IGN] niveau moyen des mers
[Termes IGN] Nouvelle-Calédonie
[Termes IGN] Precise Range and Range Rate Equipment
[Termes IGN] réseau géodésique permanent
[Termes IGN] système de référence géodésiqueNuméro de notice : 18048 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Conférence invitée Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34845 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 18048-01 CG.97 Livre Centre de documentation Congrès Disponible Proceedings of the national technical meeting Navigation and positioning in the information age, January 14-16, 1997, Santa Monica, California / Institute of navigation (1997)PermalinkLe repère international de référence terrestre / Claude Boucher in XYZ, n° 70 (décembre 1997 - février 1998)PermalinkSensibilisation à l'utilisation du GPS en topométrie. Fascicule 1 GPS / Françoise Duquenne (1997)PermalinkUn système d'information géographique pour les camps de refugiés / D. Chaminade (1997)PermalinkTectonic interpretation of the Papua New Guinea region from repeat satellite measurements / K. Mobbs (1997)PermalinkEvolution du canevas géodésique national / Claude Luzet in XYZ, n° 69 (septembre - novembre 1996)PermalinkInternational Terrestrial Reference Frame / Claude Boucher in GPS world, vol 7 n° 9 (September 1996)PermalinkLe GPS à la portée de tous notamment en génie civil / Claude Boucher (18/06/1996)Permalink18th international congress ISPRS, Volume 1. Commission 1 Sensors, platforms and imagery / Karl Kraus (1996)Permalink18th international congress ISPRS, Volume 2. Technical Commission 2 Systems for data processing, analysis and representation / Karl Kraus (1996)Permalink