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WinBasin: using improved algorithms and the GIS technique for automated watershed modelling analysis from digital elevation models / W. Lin in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n° 1-2 (february 2008)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n° 1-2 (february 2008) . - pp 47 - 69 Titre : WinBasin: using improved algorithms and the GIS technique for automated watershed modelling analysis from digital elevation models Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : W. Lin, Auteur ; W. Chou, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 47 - 69 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] bassin hydrographique [Termes IGN] données vectorielles [Termes IGN] géomorphologie locale [Termes IGN] ligne de partage des eaux [Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique Résumé : (Auteur) WinBasin is a GIS-based watershed analysis system that can automatically calculate depressionless flow directions, delineate watersheds/sub-watersheds, extract realistic drainage networks, and calculate geomorphological indices and hydrological responses from digital elevation models. Several improved algorithms coupled with GIS techniques were proposed for automated watershed analysis. First, different from depression fill-up treatment methods, the depression watershed method coupled with the improved fuzzy c-mean algorithm allows the depression outlet location and flow directions to be determined. Second, by using the GIS-based point-and-click interface coupled with outlet-tracing and headwater-tracing algorithms, watersheds with user-specified outlets and realistic drainage networks can be easily extracted based on the derived flow directions. The analysed results can be exported to vector format for linkage with other GIS software. Third, the geomorphological indices and hydrological responses (width function and geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph) in a watershed can also be instantly derived based on the proposed algorithms and the GIS technique. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2008-104 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701300121 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701300121 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29099 [article]

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3D topography / F. Penninga (2008)  

Public Titre : 3D topography : a simplicial complex-based solution in a spatial DBMS Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : F. Penninga, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2008 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 66 Importance : 192 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-304-4 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique [Termes IGN] algorithme du simplexe [Termes IGN] base de données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] milieu urbain [Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées [Termes IGN] objet géographique 3D [Termes IGN] système de gestion de base de données [Termes IGN] tétraèdre [Termes IGN] Triangulated Irregular Network [Termes IGN] visualisation 3D Index. décimale : 32.00 Topographie - généralités Résumé : (Auteur) Current topographic products are limited to a real world representation in only two dimensions, with at best some additional point heights and contour lines. Modelling the real world in two dimensions implies a rather drastic simplification of three di-mensional real world elements. By representing these elements in two dimensions, loss of information is inevitable. Due to this simplification, accuracy of analysis results is limited and a meaningful, insightful representation of complex situations is hard to obtain. Environmental issues like high concentrations of particulate matter along highways in urban areas, the effects of noise and odour propagation and risk analysis of liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks are random examples of current issues in 3D urban planning in which more precision is required than 2D analyses can offer. In a time with increasing attention for these kind of environmental and sustainability issues, limitations of 2D models become real problematic and trigger the demand for 3D topography. The development of 3D topography is also supply-driven, especially by the increasing availability of high density laser scan data. Height data becomes available with point densities -multiple height points per square meter- that were previously unthinkable with traditional photogrammetric stereo techniques. Direct 3D data ac-quisition by terrestrial laser scanning is emerging, thus providing detailed measure-ments of facades, tunnels and even indoor topography. The fast developments in this field are partly triggered by the emerging popularity of personal navigation devices, which will use 3D models in the future to simplify user interpretation of the (map) display. Objective and research question The objective of this research is to develop a data structure that is capable of han-dling large data volumes and offers support for loading, updating, querying, analysis and especially validation. To achieve this, a triangular approach will be used, due to its advantages in maintaining consistency, its robustness and editability. This tri-angular approach creates a network of triangles (in 2D) or tetrahedrons (in 3D), in which topographic features are represented by sets of triangles or tetrahedrons. Such a network is an example of an irregular tessellation, in which the real world is de--composed into smaller (triangle/tetrahedron-shaped) building blocks. The resulting networks are called TINs (Triangular Irregular Networks) or TENs (TEtrahedronised irregular Networks). The presence of boundaries of topographic features are ensured by the use of constraints, preventing the deletion of crucial boundary edges and trian-gles. Algorithms exist to calculate these constrained triangulations and constrained tetrahedronisations of topographic data. In this research a two-step approach will be adopted. First one has to decide how real-world objects should be modelled into features, secondly one needs to store these features in such a way that the requirements in terms of querying, analysis and validation are met. An obvious step in dealing with large volumes of geographically referenced data, is to use a spatial database. This objective is expressed in the main research question: How can a 3D topographic representation be realised in a feature-based triangular data model? Note that the term 'triangular' is used here in general dimension, so both triangle-and tetrahedron-based models will be considered. As mentioned before, a two-step approach will be adopted to achieve a solution to the main research question. In accordance with the two steps, two key questions can be distinguished: How to develop a conceptual model that describes the real world phenomena (the topographic features), regarding the general purpose-characteristic of to-pographic data sets? How to implement this conceptual model, i.e. how to develop a suitable DBMS data structure? The results of this research will be summarised according to this two-step approach. A conceptual data model for 3D topography One of the basic assumptions within this research is the use of triangular data models. As a result, topographic features will be described as sets of triangles and these fea-tures will be connected by triangles as well, thus creating one triangular network. This research explored two different approaches to triangular modelling of 3D topography. The first one is a very pragmatic hybrid approach that combines a 2.5D* sur-face with 3D objects for those cases where 2.5D modelling is not sufficient. In terms of triangular data structures, this approach combines a TIN with several TENs. These irregular data structures not only allow varying point density (de-pending on local model complexity), but extend this irregularity into varying even model dimensionality, thus offering the ultimate fit-for-purpose approach. Unfortunately, connecting TIN and TEN networks appeared to be very difficult at design level and during prototype implementation. The second approach avoids these problems, since it is a full 3D approach using only a TEN. Two fundamental observations are of great importance: Physical objects have by definition a volume. In reality, there are no point, line or polygon objects; only point, line or polygon representations exist (at a certain level of abstraction/generalisation). The real world can be considered a volume partition: a set of nonoverlap-ping volumes that form a closed (i.e. no gaps within the domain) modelled space. Objects like 'earth' or 'air' are thus explicitly included in the model. In topographic data models, planar features like walls or roofs are obviously very useful. They can be part of the volumetric data model as 'derived features', i.e. these features depend on the relationship between volume features. For example, the earth surface is the boundary between air and earth features, while a wall or a roof are the result of adjacent building and air features. In terms of UML, these planar features are modelled as association classes. As a result, planar features are lifetime dependent from the association between two volume features. Among the advantages of the full volumetric approach are its explicit inclusion of air and earth (often subject of analysis), its extensibility (geology, air traf-fic/telecommunication corridors, etc.) and its strong mathematical definition (full connectivity enables the use of topology for query, analysis and validation). As a re-sult, topographic features will be modelled in a TEN. Each feature will be represented by a set of tetrahedrons. A data structure for 3D topography The newly developed data structure has three important characteristics: It has a solid mathematical foundation. Operators and definitions from the mathematical field of Poincare simplicial homology (part of algebraic topology) are used to handle simplexes^, the basic elements in a triangular data structure. Simplexes are well defined, ordered and constructed of simplexes of lower di-mension. The boundary operator can be used to derive these less dimensional *See section 2.2 for an overview of often-used dimension indicators tA simplex can loosely be defined as the simplest shape in a dimension, in which simplest refers to minimising the number of points required to define such a shape, for instance a point, a line, a triangle and a tetrahedron. See section 4.1 for a proper mathematical definition simplexes. Based on the ordering of simplexes, one can determine orientation, a useful concept in GIS. Another important concept from simplicial homology is the simplicial complex, since such a set of connected simplexes will be used to model 3D topographic features. It is developed as a spatial database data structure. Applying definitions and operators from simplicial homology enables one to store a TEN in a relatively compact way. The new simplicial complex-based method requires only explicit storage of tetrahedrons, while simplexes of lower dimensions (triangles, edges, nodes), constraints (which guarantee feature boundary presence) and topologi-cal relationships can be derived in views. Using functions to derive views from a table is typical database functionality. In this implementation, simplexes are en-coded by their vertices, similar to the annotation in simplicial homology. These simplex encodings are extended with a feature identifier, indicating which to-pographic feature is (partly) represented by this simplex. So, a tetrahedron is encoded as 83 =< vq, Vi, V2,v^, fid >. Two variants in simplex encoding have been developed: coordinate concatenation and identifier concatenation. The concept of coordinate concatenation is to concatenate x, y and z coordinates as node identifiers and to concatenate the resulting unique node codes to describe simplexes of higher dimension. The alternative approach, identifier concatena-tion, uses separate (meaningless) node identifiers to encode simplexes to reduce the number of coordinate repetitions, since a specific node will be part of multi-ple tetrahedrons. This approach requires an additional node table to store node geometries. It is an editable data structure, which is a crucial prerequisite to be a feasible approach for topographic data storage. Incremental updates are required, since complete rebuilds of the TEN structure will be time-consuming due to the ex-pected data volumes. Whereas most existing update algorithms for constrained tetrahedronisations use node insertions, followed by edge reconstruction, this research presents edge insertion operators. Nine exhaustive and mutually exclusive cases are distinguished, based on the location in the TEN of the inserted edge's nodes. These operators guarantee the constrained edge's presence in the structure. Existing operators might fail to recover these edges, due to the pres-ence of nearby constrained edges, which would typically happen in topographic data sets. Conclusions This dissertation presents a new topological approach to data modelling, based on a tetrahedral network. Operators and definitions from the field of simplicial homology are used to define and handle this structure of tetrahedrons. Simplicial homology provides a solid mathematical foundation for the data structure and offers full control over orientation of simplexes and enables one to derive substantial parts of the TEN structure efficiently, instead of explicitly storing all primitives. DBMS characteristics as the usage of views, functions and function-based indexes are extensively used to realise this potential data reduction. A proof-of-concept implementation was created and tests with several data sets show that the prevailing view that tetrahedrons are more expensive in terms of storage when compared to polyhedrons, is not correct when using the proposed approach. Storage requirements for 3D objects in tetrahe-dronised form (excluding the space in between these objects) and 3D objects stored as polyhedrons, are in the same order of magnitude. A TEN has favourable characteristics from a computational point of view. All elements of the tetrahedral network consist by definition of flat faces, all elements are convex and they are well defined. Validation of 3D objects is also simplified by tetrahedronisation. Furthermore, a full volumetric approach enables future integra-tion of topography with other 3D data like geological layers, polluted regions or air traffic and telecommunication corridors. The price of this full volumetric approach in terms of storage space is high (about 75% of the tetrahedrons models air or earth); nevertheless this approach is likely to become justifiable due to current developments towards sustainable urban development and increased focus on environmental issues. Now the innovative aspects of the proposed method has to be identified. Neither the idea to use a TEN data structure for 3D data nor the idea to use simplexes (in terms of simplicial homology) in a DBMS implementation is new. However, the proposed approach reduces data storage and eliminates the need for explicit updates of both topology and simplexes of lower dimension. By doing so, the approach tackles common drawbacks as TEN extensiveness and laboriousness of maintaining topology. Furthermore, applying simplicial homology offers full control over orientation of sim-plexes, which is a significant advantage, especially in 3D. In addition to this aspect, the mathematical theory of simplicial homology offers a solid theoretical foundation for both the data structure and data operations. Integrating these concepts with database functionality results in a new innovative approach to 3D data modelling. An often raised objection to a TEN approach is its presumed complexity. Obviously, a l:n relation exists between features and their tetrahedron representations. However, as long as a user handles only features (as polyhedrons) and implemented algorithms translate these polyhedrons into operations on the TEN, one can over-come the perceived complexity. Furthermore, the prevailing view that tetrahedrons are more expensive in terms of storage than polyhedrons has been falsified in this research. Overall, the simplicial complex-based modelling approach provides a provable correct modelling method. The use of tetrahedrons is justified by the mathematical benefits and the acceptable storage requirements. Obviously, including air and earth within the model comes at a price, but -as stated earlier- this approach is likely to become justifiable, due to current sustainability and environmentally-driven developments. The decision to develop the data structure as a database structure contributes to the overall feasibility, since a database will become indispensable due to the expected data volumes. Note de contenu : Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Objective and main research question 1.3 Research scope and limitations 1.4 Contribution of the work 1.5 Outline 2 Research background 2.1 Problem domain: Towards 3D topography 2.2 Defining dimensions in the range 2D-3D 2.3 Deriving requirements for the conceptual data model and structure from the problem 2.4 Managing 3D data: related research on 3D data structures 2.5 Triangular data structures and algorithms 2.6 Relevant database concepts I Conceptual modelling of 3D Topography 3 Two triangular data models for 3D topography 3.1 Approach 1: an integrated 2.5D/3D model 3.2 Approach 2: a full 3D data model 3.3 The choice for the full 3D approach II A Data structure for 3D Topography 4 Theoretical foundations: Poincare simplicial homology 4.1 Mathematical description of simplexes 4.2 Orientation of simplexes 4.3 Combining simplexes: simplicial complexes 4.4 Operations on simplexes and simplicial complexes 5 A simplicial complex-based solution for 3D topography 5.1 Representing topographic features in a TEN 5.2 Early ideas: three TEN-based data structures for the full 3D approach 5.3 Preferred solution: applying simplicial homology to the TEN 5.4 Implementing the data structure in a DBMS environment 5.5 Summary 6 Updating features in the Data Structure 6.1 Incremental update: feature insertion 6.2 Incremental update: feature deletion 6.3 Quality improvement of TEN structure 6.4 Initial bulk loading and bulk rebuild III Evaluation and conclusions 7 Evaluation and discussion 7.1 Evaluation material: three different data sets 7.2 Evaluating bulk tetrahedronisation process 7.3 Evaluating storage requirements 7.4 Evaluating initial visualisation tools 7.5 Discussing requirements for 3D data sets with correct topology 7.6 Identifying future developments 8 Conclusions 8.1 Results. 8.2 Main conclusions 8.3 Discussion 8.4 Future research Numéro de notice : 15361 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : sans Accessibilité hors numérique : Non accessible via le SUDOC En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/index.php/en/publicatiesgb/publications-on-geodesy/item/250 [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62703

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Advances in photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences / Z. Li (2008)

Public Titre : Advances in photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences : 2008 ISPRS Congress book, Beijing, 3 - 11 July 2008 Type de document : Actes de congrès Auteurs : Z. Li, Éditeur scientifique ; J. Chen, Éditeur scientifique ; Emmanuel P. Baltsavias, Éditeur scientifique Editeur : Londres : Taylor & Francis Année de publication : 2008 Collection : ISPRS Book Series num. 7 Conférence : ISPRS 2008, 21st ISPRS world congress 03/07/2008 11/07/2008 Pékin Chine OA ISPRS Archives Importance : 527 p. Format : 18 x 25 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-415-47805-2 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Photogrammétrie [Termes IGN] acquisition de données [Termes IGN] analyse de données [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] mission spatiale [Termes IGN] modélisation 3D [Termes IGN] modélisation spatio-temporelle [Termes IGN] télédétection aérienne [Termes IGN] visualisation 3D Résumé : (Editeur) Publié à l'occasion du 21e Congrès de la Société Internationale de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection (SIPT) à Pékin, en Chine en 2008, cet ouvrage est une compilation de 34 contributions de 62 chercheurs actifs dans l'ISPRS. Il couvre l'état de l'art en photogrammétrie, en télédétection spatiale et en sciences de l'information géographique. Il est divisé en six parties : -introduction, -capteurs, plates-formes et systèmes d'acquisition de données, -traitement et analyse des données, -modélisation, gestion et visualisation des données, -applications, -formation et coopération. Il donne un aperçu complet des progrès accomplis dans ces domaines depuis le 20e Congrès de la SIPT, qui a eu lieu en 2004 à Istanbul, en Turquie. Le volume sera précieux, non seulement aux scientifiques et aux chercheurs, mais aussi aux étudiants universitaires et aux praticiens. Note de contenu : Part I - Introduction Chapter 1 Historical development of ISPRS, John Trinder & Lawrence Fritz Chapter 2 Scientific-Technological developments of photogrammetry and remote sensing between 2004 and 2008, Armin Gruen Part II - Sensors, platforms and data acquisition systems Chapter 3 Spaceborne digital imaging sensors and systems, Gordon Petrie Chapter 4 Airborne digital imaging sensors and systems, Gordon Petrie & Kenneth Smillie Chapter 5 Close-range photogrammetry sensors, Hans-Gerd Maas Chapter 6 LIDAR: Airborne and terrestrial sensors, Aloysius Wehr Chapter 7 Land mobile mapping systems, Naser El-Sheimy Chapter 8 Small satellite missions, Rainer Sandau Chapter 9 Unmanned aerial vehicles for photogrammetry and remote sensing, Jurgen Everaerts Part III - Data processing and analysis Chapter 10 Remote sensing signatures: Measurements, modelling and applications, Shunlin Liang, Michael Schaepman & Mathias Kneubühler Chapter 11 Geometric modelling of linear CCDs and panoramic imagers, Karsten Jacobsen Chapter 12 DSM generation and deformation measurement from SAR data, Michele Crosetto & Paolo Pasquali Chapter 13 Early stages of LIDAR data processing, Norbert Pfeifer & Jan Böhm Chapter 14 Pan-Sharpening for improved information extraction, Yun Zhang Chapter 15 Object extraction and attribution from hyperspectral images, Freek van der Meer, Harald van der Werff, Mark van der Meijde, Frank van Ruitenbeek, Chris Hecker & Steven de Jong Chapter 16 Automated extraction of roads, buildings, and vegetation from multi-source data, Helmut Mayer, Stefan Hinz & Uwe Stilla Chapter 17 Processing of multitemporal data and change detection, Haigang Sui, Qiming Zhou, Jianya Gong & Guorui Ma Part IV - Data modelling, management and visualization Chapter 18 Spatio-Temporal modelling, Wolfgang Kainz & Xinming Tang Chapter 19 Multi-scale modelling and representation of geospatial data, Zhilin Li Chapter 20 Multiple representation databases, Monika Sester Chapter 21 Dynamic GIS, Christopher M. Gold, Darka Mioc & François Anton Chapter 22 Semantic integration of heterogeneous geospatial information, Marinos Kavouras & Margarita Kokla Chapter 23 3D Data modelling and visualization, Sabry El-Hakim Part V - Applications Chapter 24 Spatial data infrastructures and clearinghouses, Costas Armenakis Chapter 25 Web mapping/GIS services and applications, Songnian Li Chapter 26 Updating geospatial databases from images, Christian Heipke, Peter A. Woodsford & Markus Gerke Chapter 27 Applications in cultural heritage documentation, Petros Patias, Pierre Grussenmeyer & Klaus Hanke Chapter 28 Natural disaster management: Activities in support of the UN system, Piero Boccardo & Fabio Giulio Tonolo Chapter 29 Environmental sensing and human health, Stanley A. Morain & Amelia M. Budge Chapter 30 Industrial applications of photogrammetry, Thomas Luhmann & Stuart Robson Chapter 31 Medical applications, Nicola D’apuzzo & Harvey Mitchell Chapter 32 Forestry applications, Barbara Koch & Matthias Dees Part VI - Education and cooperation Chapter 33 Educational developments and outreach, Kohei Cho, Gerhard König & Joachim Höhle Chapter 34 International cooperation and capacity building, Ian Dowman & Shunji Murai Numéro de notice : 20097 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Actes DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=34935

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Analyse spatiale des activités socio-économiques dans Londres et sa banlieue / Guillaume Olive (2008)

Public Titre : Analyse spatiale des activités socio-économiques dans Londres et sa banlieue Type de document : Mémoire Auteurs : Guillaume Olive, Auteur Editeur : Champs-sur-Marne : Ecole nationale des sciences géographiques ENSG Année de publication : 2008 Importance : 117 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Rapport de projet pluridisciplinaire, cycle des ingénieurs diplômés de l'ENSG 2ème année (IT2) Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] carte thématique [Termes IGN] centre urbain [Termes IGN] données maillées [Termes IGN] données socio-économiques [Termes IGN] géomatique web [Termes IGN] Londres [Termes IGN] MapBasic [Termes IGN] MapInfo [Termes IGN] PERL [Termes IGN] visualisation cartographique [Termes IGN] zone urbaine Index. décimale : PROJET Mémoires : Rapports de projet - stage des ingénieurs de 2e année Résumé : (Auteur) Le stage que j'ai réalisé au sein de l'University Collège London (UCL) prenait part au projet Successful Suburban Town Centres (SSTC), réalisé en collaboration entre le département de la géomatique, dans lequel je me trouvais, et le département architecture. Son but était de développer, grâce aux Systèmes d'Information Géographique, une vision de l'expansion de 26 centres-villes se trouvant dans la banlieue de Londres à l'aide de plusieurs cartes de différentes périodes allant du début du 19ème siècle à maintenant. Ses cartes devaient comprendre plusieurs données, comme le lieu des différentes données économiques et sociales dans ces centres ou l'emplacement des immeubles et des infrastructures selon la période étudiée. Ces cartes informatiques étaient par la suite ajoutées à la visualisation sur internet sur le site consacré au projet. Note de contenu : Introduction 1. Création des cartes pour chaque période du SIG historique 1.1. Données de base 1.2. Processus pour la création d'une couche unique 1.2.1. Fin du 19ème et milieu du 20ème siècle 1.2.2. Début du 19ème siècle 1.2.3. Photographie aérienne du milieu du 20ème siècle 1.3. Couche pour connaître l'année de chaque partie d'une carte 2. Superposition des différentes données d'activité sur chaque carte 2.1. Données de base 2.2. Affichage sur la carte et analyses thématiques 2.2.1. Affichage des infrastructures 2.2.2. Affichages des zones d'activités 2.2.3. Affichage des possesseurs de voitures/ 2.3. Ajout de la syntaxe spatiale 2.3.1. Définition 2.3.2. La syntaxe spatiale dans le SIG historique 2.4. Visualisation des bâtiments 3. Visualisation finale 3.1. Préparation des images 3.2. Affichage sur le profil du projet Conclusion Numéro de notice : 13708 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Mémoire de projet pluridisciplinaire Organisme de stage : University College of London Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=50104

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Analyse et traitement d'ondes Lidar pour la cartographie et la reconnaissance de formes : application au milieu urbain / Clément Mallet (2008) 

Public Titre : Analyse et traitement d'ondes Lidar pour la cartographie et la reconnaissance de formes : application au milieu urbain Titre original : Lidar waveform analysis and processing for cartography and pattern recognition: application to urban areas Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Clément Mallet , Auteur ; Adrien Chauve , Auteur ; Frédéric Bretar, Auteur Editeur : Orsay, Chambéry : Association Française de l'Intelligence Artificielle AFIA Année de publication : 2008 Conférence : RFIA 2008, 16e conférence Reconnaissance des Formes et Intelligence Artificielle 22/01/2008 25/01/2008 Amiens France OA ISPRS Archives Importance : pp 693 - 702 Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes IGN] classification dirigée [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] forme d'onde [Termes IGN] milieu urbain [Termes IGN] onde électromagnétique [Termes IGN] reconnaissance de formes [Termes IGN] segmentation [Termes IGN] semis de points [Termes IGN] signal laser Résumé : (Auteur) Toute onde lidar rétrodiffusée par la surface terrestre contient des informations sur les cibles atteintes ayant contribué à la forme de l’onde. Les systèmes lidar capables de numériser l’intégralité des signaux retour sont apparus récemment et permettent le traitement a posteriori de ces profils altimétriques. Nous présentons dans cet article une méthode d’analyse puis de traitement des ondes lidar dans un contexte de cartographie automatique. Tout d’abord, nous montrons que l’analyse fine des ondes permet une densification des nuages de points 3D. Dans un second temps, le traitement a posteriori des signaux conduit à leur modélisation sous forme paramétrique. Nous proposons alors une méthode de reconnaissance de formes appliquée au milieu urbain. Une classification supervisée par Séparateurs à Vaste Marge est ainsi employée pour prendre en compte les caractéristiques des échos extraits lors de la phase de traitement. Les résultats montrent que la segmentation d’une zone urbaine en classes bâti, végétation, sol naturel et sol artificiel est possible à partir des ondes lidar seulement. Numéro de notice : 13576 Affiliation des auteurs : MATIS (1993-2011) Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Communication DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=64263

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