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The transformation of relief representation on topographic maps in Hungary: from hachures to contour lines / Lazlo Zentai in Cartographic journal (the), vol 55 n° 2 (May 2018)  

Public [article]  inCartographic journal (the) > vol 55 n° 2 (May 2018) . - pp 150 - 158 Titre : The transformation of relief representation on topographic maps in Hungary: from hachures to contour lines Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Lazlo Zentai, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 150 - 158 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartographie étrangère [Termes IGN] 1:25.000 [Termes IGN] carte ancienne [Termes IGN] carte militaire [Termes IGN] carte topographique [Termes IGN] courbe de niveau [Termes IGN] dix-huitième siècle [Termes IGN] dix-neuvième siècle [Termes IGN] hachure [Termes IGN] Hongrie [Termes IGN] représentation du relief [Termes IGN] vingtième siècle Résumé : (Auteur) Although the maps of the Third and Fourth Military Surveys of the Austria–Hungarian Empire were classified, after its dissolution the new countries had access to the topographic maps covering their own territories. Lehmann’s slope hachures were used for representing relief, both at the survey scale and the derived scales. Contour lines were used to plan the hachures, which were the primary method of relief representation; therefore, most of the contour lines were removed from the final map. Following the political and administrative changes, a new organization, the independent Military Mapping Group was established in Hungary in 1919. After developing it into an institute, Hungary started a new topographic survey revising the former Austro-Hungarian 1:25 000 scale topographic maps. The revision changed the relief representation from hachures to contour lines and the language of the map lettering from German to Hungarian. Numéro de notice : A2018-258 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/00087041.2018.1433475 Date de publication en ligne : 09/07/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2018.1433475 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90331 [article]

Exemplaires(1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
030-2018021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Using hachures to construct a 3D doline model automatically / Nai Yang in Cartographica, vol 50 n° 2 (Summer 2015)  

Public [article]  inCartographica > vol 50 n° 2 (Summer 2015) . - pp 86 - 93 Titre : Using hachures to construct a 3D doline model automatically Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Nai Yang, Auteur ; Lin Wan, Auteur ; G. Zheng, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 86 - 93 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Rédaction cartographique [Termes IGN] effondrement de terrain [Termes IGN] grotte [Termes IGN] hachure [Termes IGN] représentation cartographique 3D Résumé : (auteur) All types of relief features are usually represented by a unified digital terrain model on 3D topographic maps. Few studies have considered the differences in relief characteristics and terrain complexity. Hachures are often used to construct the relief symbols on 2D topographic maps, but they are less used on 3D topographic maps. This article uses hachures to construct a 3D doline model and divides them into three types: outlines, ridge lines, and break lines. We present the extraction method for doline outlines, consider the rules of visual perception under different illumination conditions, and study the mathematical models for representing the morphological characteristics of the doline with regard to the following aspects: width, arrangement density, and grey value of hachures. Finally, we introduce a process for 3D modelling of dolines on the basis of the above discussion. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model achieves a good 3D visual representation of dolines. Furthermore, the proposed model can also be used as a reference for the creation of 3D models of other negative relief features. Numéro de notice : A2015-273 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3138/cart.50.2.2793 En ligne : http://www.utpjournals.press/doi/full/10.3138/cart.50.2.2793 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=76386 [article]

Exemplaires(1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
031-2015021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Design principles for Swiss-style rock drawing / Bernhard Jenny in Cartographic journal (the), vol 51 n° 4 (November 2014)  

Public [article]  inCartographic journal (the) > vol 51 n° 4 (November 2014) . - pp 360-371 Titre : Design principles for Swiss-style rock drawing Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Bernhard Jenny, Auteur ; Jürg Gilgen, Auteur ; Roman Geisthövel, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 360-371 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Rédaction cartographique [Termes IGN] dessin assisté par ordinateur [Termes IGN] dessin automatique [Termes IGN] dessin cartographique [Termes IGN] hachure [Termes IGN] rocher [Termes IGN] spécification [Termes IGN] style cartographique [Termes IGN] Swisstopo Résumé : (Auteur) Swiss-style rock drawing uses shaded hachures to show the characteristic forms and the third dimension of rocks and cliffs. Rock faces, trenches, gullies, faults and other rock features relevant for orientation and navigation in mountainous areas are shown as seen from the ground instead of from an orthogonal perspective. The density and dimensions of hachures change with the exposure to a source of illumination to generate a shading effect that highlights the terrain’s three-dimensionality. The generation of rock drawings in Swiss style is time-intensive and requires an eye for the artistic rendering of the terrain’s third dimension as well as an understanding of different rock types and their morphology. Design principles have not yet been documented in a detailed and comprehensive manner and only rudimentary algorithms exist for the digital generation of simplified representations. This paper discusses the defining characteristics and specific design principles of Swiss-style rock drawing based on figures and unpublished documentation from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography swisstopo. We identify three main types of hachure-based rock drawing and discuss graphical elements for the most common type. We also discuss the combination of rock drawings with contour lines, their generalisation and the drawing process. Numéro de notice : A2014-645 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000052 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000052 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75091 [article]

Exemplaires(1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
030-2014041	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Morphometric mapping of topography by flowline hachures / Timofey Samsonov in Cartographic journal (the), vol 51 n° 1 (February 2014)  

Public [article]  inCartographic journal (the) > vol 51 n° 1 (February 2014) . - pp 63 - 74 Titre : Morphometric mapping of topography by flowline hachures Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Timofey Samsonov, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 63 - 74 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Rédaction cartographique [Termes IGN] automatisation [Termes IGN] géomorphométrie [Termes IGN] hachure [Termes IGN] rédaction cartographique [Termes IGN] représentation du relief Résumé : (Auteur) Hachuring is a classic method of cartographic relief presentation that origins from perspective sketching of the surface. Hachuring was developed into strict and mathematically grounded planimetric method during the eighteenth century. Established by Lehmann in 1799, topographic hachures flourished during the first half of the nineteenth century and then were gradually replaced by contours. Today, hachures are still popular in presentation of anthropogenic relief on archaeological and topographic maps. Some elements of hachuring can be found in geomorphometric and hydrometeorological mapping, where flowlines and arrows are used to show the intensity and direction of the flow on the surface, or its aspect and slope. The study aims to reveal the potential of hachuring in further development as surface presentation method. Automated implementation of all original requirements for hachure construction is provided for the first time by new algorithm using vector flowlines. Then an advanced hachuring technique called ‘slope and aspect hachuring’ is presented which depicts slope, aspect and flow direction of the surface simultaneously. Slope and aspect hachuring is compared to traditional area colours to reveal its advantages and shortcomings in sight of morphometric mapping. Some applications of the method and directions of future research are suggested in concluding part. Numéro de notice : A2014-129 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000036 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000036 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=33034 [article]

Exemplaires(1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
030-2014011	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Real-time rendering of water surfaces with cartography-oriented design / Amir Semmo (2013)    

Public Titre : Real-time rendering of water surfaces with cartography-oriented design Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Amir Semmo, Auteur ; Jan Eric Kyprianidis, Auteur ; Matthias Trapp, Auteur ; Jürgen Döllner, Auteur Editeur : New York [Etats-Unis] : Association for computing machinery ACM Année de publication : 2013 Conférence : CAe@Expressive 2013, 9th international symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging 19/07/2013 21/07/2013 Anaheim Californie - Etats-Unis Proceedings ACM Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] hachure [Termes IGN] rendu (géovisualisation) [Termes IGN] surface de l'eau [Termes IGN] temps réel [Vedettes matières IGN] Géovisualisation Résumé : (auteur) More than 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans, seas, and lakes, making water surfaces one of the primary elements in geospatial visualization. Traditional approaches in computer graphics simulate and animate water surfaces in the most realistic ways. However, to improve orientation, navigation, and analysis tasks within 3D virtual environments, these surfaces need to be carefully designed to enhance shape perception and land-water distinction. We present an interactive system that renders water surfaces with cartography-oriented design using the conventions of mapmakers. Our approach is based on the observation that hand-drawn maps utilize and align texture features to shorelines with non-linear distance to improve figure-ground perception and express motion. To obtain local orientation and principal curvature directions, first, our system computes distance and feature-aligned distance maps. Given these maps, waterlining, water stippling, contour-hatching, and labeling are applied in real-time with spatial and temporal coherence. The presented methods can be useful for map exploration, landscaping, urban planning, and disaster management, which is demonstrated by various real-world virtual 3D city and landscape models. Numéro de notice : C2013-007 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Communication DOI : 10.1145/2487276.2487277 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1145/2487276.2487277 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89571

Documents numériques

en open access Real-time rendering of water surfaces ... - postprint Adobe Acrobat PDF

The representation of topographic information on maps: The depiction of relief / P. Collier in Cartographic journal (the), vol 40 n° 1 (June 2003)  

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Topographic relief depiction by hachure's with computer and plotter / P. Yoeli in Cartographic journal (the), vol 22 n° 2 (December 1985)  

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Basic cartography for students and technicians, 1. Vol 1 / R.W. Anson (1984)

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Histoire de la cartographie des montagnes / Georges Alinhac in Bulletin d'information de l'Institut géographique national, n° 48 (juillet 1983) 

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Cartographic relief presentation / Eduard Imhof (1982)

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Modifications of the Choropleth technique to communicate correlation / Mark Monmonier in Annuaire international de cartographie, n° 18 (1978)

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Choropleth mapping on the microfilm platter : an attempt to improve the graphic quality of automated maps / M. Jeffery in Annuaire international de cartographie, n° 15 (1975)

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Cartographie / Robert Saint-Arnaud (1971)

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Eléments de cartographie, Deuxième fascicule. Cours / J. Millot (1970)

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Eléments de cartographie, Premier fascicule. Cours / J. Millot (1969)

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