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How institutional cultures affect results: comparing two old-growth forest mapping projects / R.A. Norheim in Cartographica, vol 38 n° 3 - 4 (September 2001)  

Public [article]  inCartographica > vol 38 n° 3 - 4 (September 2001) . - pp 35 - 52 Titre : How institutional cultures affect results: comparing two old-growth forest mapping projects Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : R.A. Norheim, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : pp 35 - 52 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG [Termes IGN] analyse comparative [Termes IGN] carte de la végétation [Termes IGN] conception cartographique [Termes IGN] erreur systématique [Termes IGN] forêt [Termes IGN] méthode [Termes IGN] prise en compte du contexte [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique Résumé : (Auteur) This paper explores the institutional and geographic factors that affected the outcome of two old-growth forest mapping efforts undertaken in 1989-1990 in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The projects mapped old-growth forest stands within US National Forests that support the endangered northern spotted owl. The projects, conducted by the US Forest Service (the manager) and the Wilderness Society (a conservation organization), obtained old-growth acreage totals that differed by a factor of two. This difference was largely attributable to the organizational context of each project. Both were constrained by short time lines imposed by the US Congress and by impending litigation. Motivations for the two organizations, however, were very different: Congress compelled the Forest Service to do the mapping, whereas the Wilderness Society used the geographic information for conservation advocacy. The two organizations also varied by the level of financial resources allocated and the methods (remote sensing versus aerial photo interpretation) employed. In my comparison of the two projects, I examined the events leading up to the spotted owl controversy and investigated the nature of the institutions involved. To understand the methods of the projects, I obtained the published literature resulting from the two projects and interviewed the principals of each project. I then obtained the data sets, put them into a common format, performed a spatial overlay, and compared the results using confusion matrices and visual analysis. When the two data sets were compared directly, there was little pattern evident in the differences. This lack of pattern made it difficult to draw any conclusions about the relative accuracy of the studies. It is inappropriate to infer that the results of either project were better; however, it is critical to understand the causes of the disparate results. The research found that merely by providing an alternate set of maps of old growth, the Wilderness Society "won" by casting doubt on the maps produced by the Forest Service. I also identified several institutional factors that affected the projects' outputs, namely budget, technology, staffing, study area, and institutional agendas and requirements. It is hoped that an understanding of these factors and disparate project results will help users of the two data sets understand their inherent biases and appropriate usage. Numéro de notice : A2001-184 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3138/4618-2K34-3752-4616 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3138/4618-2K34-3752-4616 Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=26407 [article]

Exemplaires(1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
031-01021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

PPGIS in community development planning: framing the organizational context / S. Elwood in Cartographica, vol 38 n° 3 - 4 (September 2001)  

Public [article]  inCartographica > vol 38 n° 3 - 4 (September 2001) . - pp 19 - 33 Titre : PPGIS in community development planning: framing the organizational context Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Elwood, Auteur Année de publication : 2001 Article en page(s) : pp 19 - 33 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Systèmes d'information géographique [Termes IGN] communauté urbaine [Termes IGN] Milwaukee [Termes IGN] outil d'aide à la décision [Termes IGN] participation du public [Termes IGN] SIG participatif [Termes IGN] ville Résumé : (Auteur) This article examines the local variability of public participation GIS (PPGIS) by urban community revitalization organizations, arguing that this variability is in part shaped by a variety of organizational factors. Existing research has shown PPGIS production to be highly context dependent, identifying an ever-growing set of key elements of this context, including a variety of locally available resources for GIS access and use as well as organizational capacities and characteristics. Contributing to current efforts to expand the conceptual basis of PPGIS research, this article argues that the conceptualization of organizational context must be expanded beyond internal capacities to include organizational networks with local actors, institutions, and resources ; organizational knowledge and stability ; and organization mission and priorities, all of which shape its activities and relationships, as well as the utility of available GIS resources. This broadened conception of organizational context enables a stronger explanation of the influencing role of organizations in PPGIS, as well as of local variability in PPGIS. These arguments are developed from comparative case study research with six Milwaukee, WI community revitalization organizations engaged in PPGIS within a city-wide participatory planning initiative. Numéro de notice : A2004-165 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3138/R411-50G8-1777-2120 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3138/R411-50G8-1777-2120 Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=26692 [article]

Exemplaires(1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
031-01021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible