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Optimization approaches for generalization and data abstraction / Monika Sester in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005) . - pp 871 - 897 Titre : Optimization approaches for generalization and data abstraction Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Monika Sester, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 871 - 897 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] carte de Kohonen [Termes IGN] déplacement d'objet géographique [Termes IGN] données localisées numériques [Termes IGN] extraction automatique [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée [Termes IGN] jeu de données localisées [Termes IGN] méthode des moindres carrés [Termes IGN] optimisation (mathématiques) [Termes IGN] représentation des détails topographiques [Termes IGN] typification [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) The availability of methods for abstracting and generalizing spatial data is vital for understanding and communicating spatial information. Spatial analysis using maps at different scales is a good example of this. Such methods are needed not only for analogue spatial data sets but even more so for digital data. In order to automate the process of generating different levels of detail of a spatial data set, generalization operations are used. The paper first gives an overview on current approaches for the automation of generalization and data abstraction, and then presents solutions for three generalization problems based on optimization techniques. Least-Squares Adjustment is used for displacement and shape simplification (here, building groundplans), and Self-Organizing Maps, a Neural Network technique, is applied for typification, i.e. a density preserving reduction of objects. The methods are validated with several examples and evaluated according to their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, a scenario describes how these methods can be combined to automatically yield a satisfying result for integrating two data sets of different scales. Numéro de notice : A2005-405 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810500161179 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810500161179 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27541 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

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079-05082	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Amalgamation in cartographic generalization using Kohonen's feature nets / M.K. Allouche in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005) . - pp 899 - 914 Titre : Amalgamation in cartographic generalization using Kohonen's feature nets Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M.K. Allouche, Auteur ; Bruno Moulin, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 899 - 914 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] carte de Kohonen [Termes IGN] déformation géométrique [Termes IGN] densité des points [Termes IGN] données multiéchelles [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée [Termes IGN] reconnaissance de formes [Termes IGN] représentation multiple [Termes IGN] triangulation de Delaunay [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) Empirical observations of the way cartographers deal with generalization problems lead to the hypothesis that they first detect patterns of anomalies in the cartographic data set and then eliminate anomalies by transforming the data. Automatically identifying patterns of anomalies on the map is a difficult task when using GIS functions or traditional algorithmic approaches. Techniques based on the use of neural networks have been widely used in artificial intelligence in order to solve pattern-recognition problems. In this paper, we explore how Kohonen-type neural networks can be used to deal with map generalization applications in which the main problem is to identify high-density regions that include cartographic elements of the same type. We also propose an algorithm to replace cartographic elements located in a region by its surrounding polygon. The use of this type of neural network permitted us to generate different levels of grouping according to the chosen zoom-scale on the map. These levels correspond to a multiple representation of the generalized cartographic elements. As an illustration, we apply our approach to the automatic replacement of a group of houses represented as a set of very close points in the original data set, by a polygon representing the corresponding urban area in the generalized map. Numéro de notice : A2005-406 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810500161211 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810500161211 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27542 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-05081	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-05082	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Building displacement over a ductile truss / M. Bader in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005) . - pp 915 - 936 Titre : Building displacement over a ductile truss Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Bader, Auteur ; Mathieu Barrault , Auteur ; Robert Weibel, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 915 - 936 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] algorithme STA [Termes IGN] contrainte d'intégrité [Termes IGN] déplacement d'objet géographique [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée [Termes IGN] graphe [Termes IGN] intégrité des données [Termes IGN] itération [Termes IGN] objet cartographique [Termes IGN] optimisation (mathématiques) [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) Displacement, an operation of cartographic generalization, resolves congestion and overlap of map features that is caused by enlargement of map symbols to ensure readability at reduced scales. Algorithms for displacement must honour spatial context, avoid creating secondary spatial conflicts, and retain spatial patterns and relations such as alignments and relative distances that characterize the original map features. We present an algorithm for displacement of buildings based on optimization. While existing approaches directly displace the individual buildings, our algorithm first forms a truss of elastic beams to capture important spatial patterns and preserve them during displacement. The algorithm proceeds in two phases. The first phase analyses spatial relationships to construct a truss as a weighted graph. The truss is initially based on the minimum spanning tree connecting the building centroids, with beam stiffness determined by spatial relationships. The second phase iteratively deforms the truss to minimize energy until a user-defined distance is achieved. At each iteration, it computes forces on the truss, calculates truss deformations, and adjusts all build positions simultaneously. A prototype has been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. The results are cartographically pleasing ; in particular, spatial relationships between buildings are preserved. Numéro de notice : A2005-407 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810500161237 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810500161237 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27543 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-05081	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-05082	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Cartographic generalization of roads in a local and adaptive approach: A knowledge acquistion problem / Sébastien Mustière in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005) . - pp 937 - 955 Titre : Cartographic generalization of roads in a local and adaptive approach: A knowledge acquistion problem Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Sébastien Mustière , Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 937 - 955 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] acquisition de connaissances [Termes IGN] algorithme d'apprentissage [Termes IGN] algorithme de filtrage [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] apprentissage dirigé [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée [Termes IGN] moteur d'inférence [Termes IGN] objet géographique linéaire [Termes IGN] réseau routier [Termes IGN] système expert [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) This paper presents a local and adaptive approach to road generalization, where different algorithms may be successively applied to each part of a road. The specific problem addressed is how to acquire and formalize cartographic knowledge in order to guide the application of the algorithms during the process. Our approach requires toolboxes of algorithms to transform and analyse the data, as well as an engine to chain them together. First, we present the toolboxes used in our experiments for road generalization. Then, we present two different engines, as well as the knowledge-acquisition processes used to determine them. The first engine, named GALBE, is an empirically determined process, where the application of algorithms is mainly based on a single criterion: the coalescence. The second engine, which is more complex, uses multiple measures to describe the road. The choice of which algorithm to use given a particular set of measures is determined from examples using supervised learning techniques. Results obtained with both engines are presented. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2005-408 Affiliation des auteurs : COGIT (1988-2011) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658810509161245 Date de publication en ligne : 20/02/2007 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810509161245 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27544 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-05081	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-05082	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Real-time generalization of XML-encoded spatial data for the Web and mobile devices / L. Tiina Sarjakoski in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005) . - pp 957 - 973 Titre : Real-time generalization of XML-encoded spatial data for the Web and mobile devices Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : L. Tiina Sarjakoski, Auteur ; L. Lehto, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 957 - 973 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] appareil portable [Termes IGN] format SVG [Termes IGN] généralisation à la volée [Termes IGN] GML [Termes IGN] interface web [Termes IGN] internet [Termes IGN] interopérabilité [Termes IGN] temps réel [Termes IGN] XSLT [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) The increased use of the Web and the Mobile Internet as a platform for geospatial applications necessitates development of improved interoperability between. Computing systems and underscores the need to apply standardized network technologies in processes dealing with spatial data. The generalization approach applicable in network-based spatial data services may be based on different technologies, compared with traditional cartographic generalization. Here, the use of Extensible Markup Language (XML) techniques in data transformations, with special emphasis on cartographic generalization, is presented. The research presented in the paper is focused on the Extensible Style-sheet Language Transformation (XSLT) process as a means to generalize XML-encoded spatial data in real time. The prototype system for real-time generalization developed at the Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI) applies Geography Markup Language (GML) as spatial data encoding and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) images for map visualization. The data-access interface conforms with the Open GIS Consortium's (OGC) Web Feature Service specification. The implemented generalization operators include selection, building simplification and aggregation, and were processed during the request response dialogue in the network. The generalization process was tested on topographic datasets and results visualized on the Web and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Although XML-based computing processes are generally understood to yield poor performance ratings, the work shows that intelligent XSLT generalization processes can be introduced without degrading the performance of a mobile map service. Numéro de notice : A2005-409 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810500161260 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810500161260 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27545 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-05081	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-05082	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Scale-space for generalization of 3D buildings / Helmut Mayer in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005) . - pp 975 - 997 Titre : Scale-space for generalization of 3D buildings Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Helmut Mayer, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 975 - 997 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée [Termes IGN] généralisation du bâti [Termes IGN] géométrie [Termes IGN] méthode heuristique [Termes IGN] morphologie mathématique [Termes IGN] objet géographique zonal [Termes IGN] visualisation 3D [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) This paper presents a means for automatic generation of a level of detail (LOD) representation of three-dimensional (3D) building data, with the formally well-defined scale-spaces as the underlying theory. More specifically, we propose an approach that employs vector-based mathematical morphology and discrete curvature-space to generalize two-dimensional (2D) building outlines as well as 3D building surfaces. Scale-space events that are related to the semantics of objects are the major triggers of the generalization. The implemented approach preserves right angles. Additionally, more heuristic means to square buildings are presented. The test results have validated the approach. Numéro de notice : A2005-410 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810500161286 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810500161286 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27546 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-05081	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-05082	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible