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Analysis of the effect of climate warming on paludification processes: Will soil conditions limit the adaptation of Northern boreal forests to climate change? A synthesis / Ahmed Laamrani in Forests, vol 11 n°11 (November 2020)  

Public [article]  inForests > vol 11 n°11 (November 2020) . - n° 1176 Titre : Analysis of the effect of climate warming on paludification processes: Will soil conditions limit the adaptation of Northern boreal forests to climate change? A synthesis Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ahmed Laamrani, Auteur ; Osvaldo Valeria, Auteur ; Abdelghani Chehbouni, Auteur ; Yves Bergeron, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : n° 1176 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Canada [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] paludification [Termes IGN] précipitation [Termes IGN] température au sol [Termes IGN] tourbe [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Northern boreal forests are characterized by accumulation of accumulation of peat (e.g., known as paludification). The functioning of northern boreal forest species and their capacity to adapt to environmental changes appear to depend on soil conditions. Climate warming is expected to have particularly pronounced effects on paludified boreal ecosystems and can alter current forest species composition and adaptation by changing soil conditions such as moisture, temperature regimes, and soil respiration. In this paper, we review and synthesize results from various reported studies (i.e., 88 research articles cited hereafter) to assess the effects of climatic warming on soil conditions of paludified forests in North America. Predictions that global warming may increase the decomposition rate must be considered in combination with its impact on soil moisture, which appears to be a limiting factor. Local adaptation or acclimation to current climatic conditions is occurring in boreal forests, which is likely to be important for continued ecosystem stability in the context of climate change. The most commonly cited response of boreal forest species to global warming is a northward migration that tracks the climate and soil conditions (e.g., temperature and moisture) to which they are adapted. Yet, some constraints may influence this kind of adaptation, such as water availability, changes in fire regimes, decomposer adaptations, and the dynamic of peat accumulation. In this paper, as a study case, we examined an example of potential effects of climatic warming on future paludification changes in the eastern lowland region of Canada through three different combined hypothetical scenarios based on temperature and precipitation (e.g., unchanged, increase, or decrease). An increase scenario in precipitation will likely favor peat accumulation in boreal forest stands prone to paludification and facilitate forested peatland expansion into upland forest, while decreased or unchanged precipitation combined with an increase in temperature will probably favor succession of forested peatlands to upland boreal forests. Each of the three scenarios were discussed in this study, and consequent silvicultural treatment options were suggested for each scenario to cope with anticipated soil and species changes in the boreal forests. We concluded that, despite the fact boreal soils will not constrain adaptation of boreal forests, some consequences of climatic warming may reduce the ability of certain species to respond to natural disturbances such as pest and disease outbreaks, and extreme weather events. Numéro de notice : A2020-759 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.3390/f11111176 Date de publication en ligne : 07/11/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111176 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96472 [article]

Monitoring crops water needs at high spatio-temporal resolution by synergy of optical / thermal and radar observations / Abdelhakim Amazirh (2019)  

Public Titre : Monitoring crops water needs at high spatio-temporal resolution by synergy of optical / thermal and radar observations Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Abdelhakim Amazirh, Auteur ; Abdelghani Chehbouni, Directeur de thèse ; Salah Er-Raki, Auteur Editeur : Toulouse : Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Année de publication : 2019 Importance : 240 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : bibliographie Thèse en vue de l’obtention du Doctorat de l'Université de Toulouse, Spécialité : Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales, Hydrologie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image mixte [Termes IGN] évapotranspiration [Termes IGN] gestion de l'eau [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] image Landsat [Termes IGN] image Landsat-8 [Termes IGN] image multibande [Termes IGN] image optique [Termes IGN] image radar [Termes IGN] image Sentinel-SAR [Termes IGN] image Terra-MODIS [Termes IGN] image thermique [Termes IGN] indice de végétation [Termes IGN] Marrakech [Termes IGN] modèle de transfert radiatif [Termes IGN] Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [Termes IGN] parcelle agricole [Termes IGN] ressources en eau [Termes IGN] stress hydrique [Termes IGN] température de surface [Termes IGN] zone semi-aride Index. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Résumé : (auteur) Optimizing water management in agriculture is essential over semi-arid areas in order to preserve water resources which are already low and erratic due to human actions and climate change. This thesis aims to use the synergy of multispectral remote sensing observations (radar, optical and thermal data) for high spatio-temporal resolution monitoring of crops water needs. In this context, different approaches using various sensors (Landsat-7/8, Sentinel-1 and MODIS) have been developed to provide information on the crop Soil Moisture (SM) and water stress at a spatio-temporal scale relevant to irrigation management. This work fits well the REC "Root zone soil moisture Estimates at the daily and agricultural parcel scales for Crop irrigation management and water use impact: a multi-sensor remote sensing approach" (http://rec.isardsat.com/) project objectives, which aim to estimate the Root Zone Soil Moisture (RZSM) for optimizing the management of irrigation water. Innovative and promising approaches are set up to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), RZSM, land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation water stress through SM indices derived from multispectral observations with high spatio-temporal resolution. The proposed methodologies rely on image-based methods, radiative transfer modelling and water and energy balance modelling and are applied in a semi-arid climate region (central Morocco). In the frame of my PhD thesis, three axes have been investigated. In the first axis, a Landsat LST-derived RZSM index is used to estimate the ET over wheat parcels and bare soil. The ET modelling estimation is explored using a modified Penman-Monteith equation obtained by introducing a simple empirical relationship between surface resistance (rc) and a RZSM index. The later is estimated from Landsat-derived land surface temperature (LST) combined with the LST endmembers (in wet and dry conditions) simulated by a surface energy balance model driven by meteorological forcing and Landsat-derived fractional vegetation cover. The investigated method is calibrated and validated over two wheat parcels located in the same area near Marrakech City in Morocco. In the next axis, a method to retrieve near surface (0-5 cm) SM at high spatial and temporal resolution is developed from a synergy between radar (Sentinel-1) and thermal (Landsat) data and by using a soil energy balance model. The developed approach is validated over bare soil agricultural fields and gives an accurate estimates of near surface SM with a root mean square difference compared to in situ SM equal to 0.03 m3 m-3. In the final axis a new method is developed to disaggregate the 1 km resolution MODIS LST at 100 m resolution by integrating the near surface SM derived from Sentinel-1 radar data and the optical-vegetation index derived from Landsat observations. The new algorithm including the S-1 backscatter as input to the disaggregation, produces more stable and robust results during the selected year. Where, 3.35 °C and 0.75 were the lowest RMSE and the highest correlation coefficient assessed using the new algorithm. Note de contenu : General Introduction 1- Bibliographic synthesis 2- Data & study sites description 3- Models & methods 4- Results & discussions Conclusions and perspectives Numéro de notice : 25694 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse française Note de thèse : Thèse de Doctorat : Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales, Hydrologie : Toulouse 3 : 2019 Organisme de stage : Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère CESBIO nature-HAL : Thèse DOI : sans En ligne : http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4412/ Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94759

Présentation d'un modèle de transfert couplé de masse et de chaleur dans le système sol-végétation-atmosphère pour les zones arides et semi-arides / Abdelghani Chehbouni (1992)

Public Titre : Présentation d'un modèle de transfert couplé de masse et de chaleur dans le système sol-végétation-atmosphère pour les zones arides et semi-arides Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Abdelghani Chehbouni, Auteur Editeur : Toulouse : Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier Année de publication : 1992 Importance : 163 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Thèse en vue d'obtenir le doctorat de l'université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse, spécialité télédétection spatiale Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] albedo [Termes IGN] atmosphère terrestre [Termes IGN] evaporation [Termes IGN] évapotranspiration [Termes IGN] indice de végétation [Termes IGN] modèle de transfert radiatif [Termes IGN] relations plante - sol [Termes IGN] sol [Termes IGN] télédétection spatiale [Termes IGN] zone aride [Termes IGN] zone semi-aride Index. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Numéro de notice : 23376 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse française Note de thèse : Thèse de doctorat : télédétection spatiale : Toulouse 3 : 1992 Organisme de stage : Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Télédétection Spatiale LERTS nature-HAL : Thèse DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45307

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