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Representation and discovery of building patterns: a three-level relational approach / Shihong Du in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 30 n° 5-6 (May - June 2016)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 30 n° 5-6 (May - June 2016) . - pp 1161 - 1186 Titre : Representation and discovery of building patterns: a three-level relational approach Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Shihong Du, Auteur ; Mi Shu, Auteur ; Chen-Chieh Feng, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 1161 - 1186 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] contrainte relationnelle [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique [Termes IGN] généralisation du bâti [Termes IGN] généralisation géométrique (de visualisation) [Termes IGN] modèle numérique du bâti [Termes IGN] relation sémantique [Termes IGN] relation spatiale [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) Building patterns exhibited collectively by a group of buildings are fundamental to understanding urban forms, classifying urban scenes, analyzing urban landscapes, and generalizing maps. The existing studies have used geometric homogeneity or regularity to represent and discover limited patterns for map generalization, or used interval and rectangle algebra to represent relations between spatial objects. These approaches, however, cannot illustrate how patterns are produced by using syntax or grammar (i.e. relations between buildings) to link words (i.e. buildings) into sentences (i.e. building patterns), making it impossible to represent and discover building patterns with diverse structures. This study presents a relation-based approach to formalize and discover arbitrary building patterns at three abstract levels. At the bottom level, a relative and local frame of reference is defined, and 169 basic relations are derived to represent relative positions between buildings. At the middle level, the 169 relations, qualitative angle description, and qualitative size are combined to formalize important semantic relations between two buildings, which include collinear, perpendicular, and parallel relations. At the top level, the relations at the bottom and middle levels are used to formalize three types of building patterns, including collinear patterns, the structured patterns with acceptable names, and other patterns of interest. Algorithms implementing the three levels of relations are presented and applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in discovering building patterns from databases and querying building patterns. The results indicate that the relational approach is generic to effectively represent and discover building patterns with arbitrary structures. In addition, it complements the existing geometric methods for recognizing building patterns, and the interval and rectangle algebra for representing building relations. Numéro de notice : A2016-298 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2015.1108421 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13658816.2015.1108421 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80884 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-2016032	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-2016031	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Empirical determination of geometric parameters for selective omission in a road network / Qi Zhou in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 30 n° 1-2 (January - February 2016)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 30 n° 1-2 (January - February 2016) . - pp 263 - 299 Titre : Empirical determination of geometric parameters for selective omission in a road network Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Qi Zhou, Auteur ; Zhilin Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 263 - 299 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée [Termes IGN] généralisation géométrique (de visualisation) [Termes IGN] Hong-Kong [Termes IGN] modèle empirique [Termes IGN] Nouvelle-Zélande [Termes IGN] réseau routier [Termes IGN] visualisation cartographique [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (auteur) Selective omission in a road network is a necessary operation for road network generalization. Most existing selective omission approaches involve one or two geometric parameters at a specific scale to determine which roads should be retained or eliminated. This study proposes an approach for determining the empirical threshold for such a parameter. The idea of the proposed approach is to first subdivide a large road network, and then to use appropriate threshold(s) obtained from one or several subdivisions to infer an appropriate threshold for the large one. A series of experiments was carried out to validate the proposed approach. Specifically, the road network data for New Zealand and Hong Kong at different scales (ranging from 1:50,000 to 1:250,000) were used as the experimental data, and subdivided according to different modes (i.e. administrative boundary data, a regular grid of different sizes, different update years, and different road network patterns). Not only geometric parameters, but also structural and hybrid parameters of existing selective omission approaches were involved in the testing. The experimental results show that although the most appropriate thresholds obtained from different subdivisions are not always the same, in most cases, the appropriate threshold ranges often overlap, especially for geometric parameters, and they also overlap with those obtained from the large road network data. This finding is consistent with the use of different subdivision modes, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Several issues involving the use of the proposed approach are also addressed. Numéro de notice : A2016-088 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2015.1085538 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1085538 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79873 [article]

Exemplaires(1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-2016011	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

An efficient parallel map visualization framework for large vector data / Mingqiang Guo in Geomatica, vol 69 n° 1 (March 2015)  

Public [article]  inGeomatica > vol 69 n° 1 (March 2015) . - pp 113 - 117 Titre : An efficient parallel map visualization framework for large vector data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Mingqiang Guo, Auteur ; Liang Wu, Auteur ; Zhong Xie, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 113 - 117 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] données vectorielles [Termes IGN] généralisation géométrique (de visualisation) [Termes IGN] visualisation de données [Termes IGN] web mapping Résumé : (auteur) Grâce au développement incroyable des technologies d'arpentage et de cartographie, le volume de données vectorielles est en expansion. Pour les travailleurs en cartographie et les autres scientifiques des SIG, la visualisation cartographique est l'une des fonctions les plus couramment utilisées des SIG. Mais il s'agit aussi d'un processus coûteux au niveau du temps lorsqu'il faut traiter des volumes importants de données vectorielles. Surtout dans un environnement de service cartographique Web, des nombres élevés d'utilisateurs simultanés peuvent entraîner des retards importants dans le traitement. Afin de s'attaquer à cette question, le présent article développe un cadre de visualisation parallèle efficace pour de grands jeux de données vectorielles en tirant profit des avantages et caractéristiques des cartes graphiques, en se concentrant sur la stratégie de stockage et de transfert. Les résultats de l'essai démontrent que cette nouvelle approche peut réduire les temps de calcul pour la visualisation de grandes cartes vectorielles. Numéro de notice : A2015-398 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.5623/cig2015-108 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.5623/cig2015-108 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=76878 [article]

A new stereo algorithm based on snakes / E. Simioni in Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS, vol 77 n° 5 (May 2011)  

Public [article]  inPhotogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, PERS > vol 77 n° 5 (May 2011) . - pp 495 - 507 Titre : A new stereo algorithm based on snakes Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : E. Simioni, Auteur ; G. Naletto, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp 495 - 507 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image [Termes IGN] appariement automatique [Termes IGN] appariement d'images [Termes IGN] généralisation géométrique (de visualisation) [Termes IGN] mission spatiale [Termes IGN] modèle numérique de terrain [Termes IGN] modèle stéréoscopique [Termes IGN] reconstruction d'objet [Termes IGN] surface (géométrie) Résumé : (Auteur) As part of the ongoing activities for the European space mission BepiColombo to Mercury, a new stereo-matching algorithm is here proposed: this algorithm uses deformable surfaces, or snakes, to find a dense disparity map. Subject to both external and internal forces, respectively represented by the similarity function and by smoothness constraints on the disparity map, a "deformable" disparity map evolves from an initial approximate state to an optimal one in which the algorithm has reached convergence. This algorithm is expected to provide one of the image matching tools for the Digital Terrain Model generation procedure that will be used by the BepiColombo stereo camera. To check the algorithm, tests have been performed on synthetic images derived from 3D models of geological features relevant to planetary science. The results show that it is possible to obtain an image measurement accuracy comparable to the one attainable with the Least Squares Matching algorithm. In addition, less object smoothing can be obtained since the object points are not derived by a large scale averaging over a terrain patch, as for example, in area-based methods; this means that more details of the terrain can be captured. Finally, because of the continuity constraint, this method is also expected to be robust in case of blunders in the reconstruction of the parallax field. Numéro de notice : A2011-170 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.14358/PERS.77.5.495 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.77.5.495 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30948 [article]

State-of-the-art of automated generalisation in commercial software / Jantien E. Stoter (2010) 

Public in EuroSDR-Project / Jantien E. Stoter (2010)     Titre : State-of-the-art of automated generalisation in commercial software Type de document : Chapitre/Contribution Auteurs : Jantien E. Stoter, Éditeur scientifique ; Blanca Baella, Auteur ; Connie Block, Auteur ; Dirk Burghardt, Auteur ; Cécile Duchêne , Auteur ; Maria Pla, Auteur ; Nicolas Regnauld , Auteur ; Guillaume Touya , Auteur ; et al., Auteur Editeur : Dublin : European Spatial Data Research EuroSDR Année de publication : 2010 Collection : EuroSDR official publication, ISSN 0257-0505 num. 58 Importance : pp 9 - 231 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative [Termes IGN] généralisation automatique de données [Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée [Termes IGN] généralisation géométrique (de visualisation) [Termes IGN] lisibilité perceptive [Termes IGN] logiciel de cartographie [Termes IGN] méthodologie [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique [Vedettes matières IGN] Généralisation Résumé : (Auteur) : This report presents the EuroSDR research project that studied the state-of-the-art of automated generalisation in commercial software in a collaboration between National Mapping Agencies (NMAs), research institutes and vendors. The aims of the study were to learn more about generic and specific map requirements of NMAs, to show possibilities and limitations of commercial generalisation software, and to identify areas for further developments based on latest research advances. The project consisted of three main steps: requirements analysis, testing, and evaluation. The requirement analysis (carried out between Oct 2006 till June 2007) resulted in four representative test cases, formalised and harmonised NMA map specifications for automated generalisation as well as an analysis of the defined specifications that shows the similarities and differences between map specifications of different NMAs. Between June 2007 and Spring 2008 tests were performed by project team members (from NMAs and research institutes) on out-of-the-box versions of four generalisation systems: ArcGIS (ESRI), Change/Push/Typify (University of Hanover), Radius Clarity (1Spatial) and axpand (Axes Systems).At the same time the vendors (except Axes systems) carried out tests with the same test cases with improved and/or customised versions of their systems. The tests resulted in 35 outputs consisting of 700 thematic layers, where it should be noted that the effort for one test was approximately 1 week. The evaluation, carried out between summer 2008 and spring 2009, consisted of an evaluation of meta aspects (based on information recorded by the testers) and of an evaluation of the generalised datasets themselves. The latter evaluation consisted of three parts that completed each other: a) automated constraint-based evaluation, b) evaluation which visually compared different outputs for one test case and c) a qualitative evaluation by cartographic experts. From the project results it can be concluded that all systems offer potentials for automated generalisation. However the results highlighted a few issues that identify areas for further development in both research and commercial systems. Although the results show that for many problems solutions do exist (e.g. building simplification), the algorithms are difficult to parameterise and a direct match between parameters and specifications was often missing. In addition none of the four test cases were fully solved by the out-of-the-box systems. While some problems are close to being solved (generalisation of individual buildings and roads), a few problems are far from being solved. Firstly it is impossible with the tested systems to apply different algorithms and/or parameter values in different contexts. This is either not supported or a measure to detect the appropriate contexts is missing. Another remaining generalisation software problem is operations that concern more than one object (e.g. network typification). Also, the generalisation of the topographic context in an integrated manner with the terrain is not appropriately covered in the tested systems. It should be noted that some of the missing functionalities were fixed in the vendors’ parallel tests (e.g. buildings elimination and displacement algorithms in ArcGIS and Radius Clarity). Although these results may seem disappointing, some final thoughts may help to put the results in the right context. Firstly the project had very high ambitions (i.e. many specifications were defined; the selection of test cases focused on known and complex problems; the ultimate aim of the generalisation process was high quality paper maps). Secondly, the project is well received by vendors to push internal developments. In addition it is not a surprise that out-of-the box versions are not capable of fulfilling NMA requirements, which is also shown by the fact that customised systems are used more satisfactory in practice. Consequently customisation of the systems should be further developed and should be one of the focuses in a future project. Note de contenu : 1. PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Previous research related to map specifications for automated map generalisation 1.3 Scope of the current study 1.4 Project set up 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Requirement analysis 2.2 The test process 2.3 Evaluation of system capabilities, test processes and constraint expressions 2.4 Evaluation of generalised outputs 3. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION 3.1 Outputs of the tests 3.2 Evaluation of the capabilities of the systems 3.3 Evaluation of test processes 3.4 Evaluation of constraint expressions 3.5 Automated evaluation of generalised outputs: results and conclusions 3.6 Evaluation by comparing generalised outputs: results and conclusions 3.7 Expert evaluation: results and conclusions 4. VENDORS' SOLUTIONS 4.1 Vendors' tests 4.2 Developments since 2007 and references to examples from practice 5. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Answers to research questions 5.2 Conclusions and further research 6. REFERENCES 7. APPENDICES Numéro de notice : H2010-003 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN+Ext (1940-2011) Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Chapître / contribution Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86301

Documents numériques

en open access H2010-003_ State-of-the-art of automated generalisation in commercial software Adobe Acrobat PDF

Three reuse examples of a generic deformation model in map generalisation / Julien Gaffuri (2009) 

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Automated map generalization with multiple operators: a simulated annealing approach / J. Mark Ware in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 17 n° 8 (december 2003)  

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Automatic generalisation project / Anne Ruas (2000)

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The development of phenomenological generalization within an object-oriented paradigm / D. Ormsby in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 26 n° 1 (January 1999)  

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Map generalization with a triangulated data structure / Christopher B. Jones in Cartography and geographic information systems, vol 22 n° 4 (December 1995)  

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