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Modeling of the permittivity of holly leaves in frozen environments / Xiaokang Kou in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 6048 - 6057 Titre : Modeling of the permittivity of holly leaves in frozen environments Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Xiaokang Kou, Auteur ; Linna Chai, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 6048 - 6057 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] feuille (végétation) [Termes IGN] gelée [Termes IGN] ilex aquifolium [Termes IGN] modélisation [Termes IGN] propriété diélectrique [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] température de l'air [Termes IGN] teneur en eau de la végétation Résumé : (Auteur) The dielectric property of vegetation has a considerable effect on the characteristics of the microwave radiation of vegetation. In frozen environments, when the temperature is colder than normal, changes such as increased soluble sugar and decreased moisture content (MC) can occur in the vegetation. The dielectric property of vegetation, which is almost entirely controlled by its free and bound water content, will also change. To characterize the dielectric behavior of vegetation in frozen regions, a sensitive experiment was conducted on holly leaves with a high-performance coaxial probe over a frequency range from 0.5 to 40 GHz and a temperature range from 0°C to -20°C. Based on the measurements and the physical properties of the constituent substances of vegetation, a semiempirical dielectric model for holly leaves in low temperature environments was developed. In this model, a decrease in MC, which causes a reduction in the complex permittivity, was described as an increase in the ice content. The complex permittivity of bound water was measured using a saturated sucrose solution at -6.5°C. The research will provide a reference for the dielectric property study of the vegetation in frozen environments. Numéro de notice : A2015-769 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2431495 Date de publication en ligne : 01/06/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2431495 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78823 [article]

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Superpixel-based graphical model for remote sensing image mapping / Guangyun Zhang in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 5861 - 5871 Titre : Superpixel-based graphical model for remote sensing image mapping Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Guangyun Zhang, Auteur ; Xiuping Jia, Auteur ; Jiankun Hu, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 5861 - 5871 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] classification contextuelle [Termes IGN] classification pixellaire [Termes IGN] décomposition du pixel [Termes IGN] image multibande [Termes IGN] modèle sémantique de données [Termes IGN] segmentation d'image Résumé : (Auteur) Object-oriented remote sensing image classification is becoming more and more popular because it can integrate spatial information from neighboring regions of different shapes and sizes into the classification procedure to improve the mapping accuracy. However, object identification itself is difficult and challenging. Superpixels, which are groups of spatially connected similar pixels, have the scale between the pixel level and the object level and can be generated from oversegmentation. In this paper, we establish a new classification framework using a superpixel-based graphical model. Superpixels instead of pixels are applied as the basic unit to the graphical model to capture the contextual information and the spatial dependence between the superpixels. The advantage of this treatment is that it makes the classification less sensitive to noise and segmentation scale. The contribution of this paper is the application of a graphical model to remote sensing image semantic segmentation. It is threefold. 1) Gradient fusion is applied to multispectral images before the watershed segmentation algorithm is used for superpixel generation. 2) A probabilistic fusion method is designed to derive node potential in the superpixel-based graphical model to address the problem of insufficient training samples at the superpixel level. 3) A boundary penalty between the superpixels is introduced in the edge potential evaluation. Experiments on three real data sets were conducted. The results show that the proposed method performs better than the related state-of-the-art methods tested. Numéro de notice : A2015-770 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2423688 Date de publication en ligne : 08/06/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2423688 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78826 [article]

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A moving weighted harmonic analysis method for reconstructing high-quality SPOT VEGETATION NDVI time-series data / Gang Yang in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 6008 - 6021 Titre : A moving weighted harmonic analysis method for reconstructing high-quality SPOT VEGETATION NDVI time-series data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Gang Yang, Auteur ; Huanfeng Shen, Auteur ; Liangpei Zhang, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 6008 - 6021 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image optique [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] analyse harmonique [Termes IGN] Chine [Termes IGN] filtrage numérique d'image [Termes IGN] image SPOT-Végétation [Termes IGN] Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [Termes IGN] occupation du sol [Termes IGN] série temporelle [Termes IGN] surveillance de la végétation Résumé : (Auteur) Global or regional environmental change is of wide concern. Extensive studies have indicated that long-term vegetation cover change is one of the most important factors reflecting environmental change, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time-series data sets have been widely used in vegetation dynamic change monitoring. However, the significant residual effects and noise levels impede the application of NDVI time-series data in environmental change research. This study develops a novel and robust filter method, i.e., the moving weighted harmonic analysis (MWHA) method, which incorporates a moving support domain to assign the weights for all the points, making the determination of the frequency number much easier. Additionally, a four-step process flow is designed to make the data approach the upper NDVI envelope, so that the actual change in the vegetation can be detected. A total of 487 test pixels selected from SPOT VEGETATION 10-day MVC NDVI time-series data from January 1999 to December 2001 were used to illustrate the effectiveness of the new method by comparing the MWHA results with the results of another four existing methods. Finally, the long-term SPOT VEGETATION 10-day maximum-value compositing (MVC) NDVI time series for China from April 1998 to May 2014 was reconstructed by the use of the proposed method, and a test region in China was utilized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed MWHA method. All the results indicate that the reconstructed high-quality NDVI time series fits the actual growth profile of the vegetation and is suitable for use in further remote sensing applications. Numéro de notice : A2015-771 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2431315 Date de publication en ligne : 02/06/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2431315 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78827 [article]

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Automatic orthorectification of high-resolution optical satellite images using vector roads / Aleš Marsetič in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 6035 - 6047 Titre : Automatic orthorectification of high-resolution optical satellite images using vector roads Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Aleš Marsetič, Auteur ; Krištof Oštir, Auteur ; Mojca Kosmatin-Fras, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 6035 - 6047 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image optique [Termes IGN] capteur en peigne [Termes IGN] chaîne de traitement [Termes IGN] colinéarité [Termes IGN] élément d'orientation externe [Termes IGN] estimation de position [Termes IGN] extraction de données [Termes IGN] géoréférencement [Termes IGN] image RapidEye [Termes IGN] modélisation géométrique de prise de vue [Termes IGN] orthorectification automatique [Termes IGN] système de coordonnées Résumé : (Auteur) This paper presents a completely automatic processing chain for orthorectification of optical pushbroom sensors. The procedure is robust and works without manual intervention from raw satellite image to orthoimage. It is modularly divided in four main steps: metadata extraction, automatic ground control point (GCP) extraction, geometric modeling, and orthorectification. The GCP extraction step uses georeferenced vector roads as a reference and produces a file with a list of points and their accuracy estimation. The physical geometric model is based on collinearity equations and works with sensor-corrected (level 1) optical satellite images. It models the sensor position and attitude with second-order piecewise polynomials depending on the acquisition time. The exterior orientation parameters are estimated in a least squares adjustment, employing random sample consensus and robust estimation algorithms for the removal of erroneous points and fine-tuning of the results. The images are finally orthorectified using a digital elevation model and positioned in a national coordinate system. The usability of the method is presented by testing three RapidEye images of regions with different terrain configurations. Several tests were carried out to verify the efficiency of the procedure and to make it more robust. Using the geometric model, subpixel accuracy on independent check points was achieved, and positional accuracy of orthoimages was around one pixel. The proposed procedure is general and can be easily adapted to various sensors. Numéro de notice : A2015-772 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2431434 Date de publication en ligne : 01/06/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2431434 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78828 [article]

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Modeling and simulation of glacier avalanche: a case study of Gayari sector glaciers Hazards assessment / Muhammad Ashan Mahboob in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 5824 - 5834 Titre : Modeling and simulation of glacier avalanche: a case study of Gayari sector glaciers Hazards assessment Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Muhammad Ashan Mahboob, Auteur ; Javed Iqbal, Auteur ; Iqra Atif, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 5824 - 5834 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique [Termes IGN] Afghanistan [Termes IGN] ArcGIS [Termes IGN] effondrement de terrain [Termes IGN] énergie cinétique [Termes IGN] estimation statistique [Termes IGN] glacier [Termes IGN] modélisation 3D [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique Résumé : (Auteur) Glacier avalanches are natural hazards that could damage infrastructures and threaten lives in high-altitude mountainous terrains. On April 7, 2012, a massive ice avalanche struck a Pakistani base at Gayari sector, Saltoro Valley, and buried/killed 148 soldiers and civilians. Keeping in view the catastrophe, a study was designed with the objectives to: 1) model and simulate the Gayari sector glacier avalanche incident in terms of height, extent, velocity, pressure, and momentum; 2) generate hazard risk assessment of possible other glacier avalanches in the Saltoro Valley through modeling and simulation; and 3) suitability analysis of current camp sites and recommendation of new safe camps sites locations in the Saltoro valley. To simulate the Gayari sector glacier event and other Glacier possible avalanches, a physical process-based rapid mass movements (RAMMS) was used. The RAMMS has two main components, i.e., Voellmy-Salm (VS) model and random kinetic energy, which deals with variables such as avalanche height and the mean avalanche velocity during the course of simulation. The suitability analysis of current camp sites were achieved using weighted overlay analysis with different constraints in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. The RAMMS model simulation of the Gayari avalanche event predicted a maximum velocity of 74 ms -1, generating a pressure of 5074 kPa and attaining a height of 45 m, whereas the predicted debris volume on the ground was 3.8145 million m 3. A good agreement was found between actual debris height and extent, as compared with the RAMMS model output. The RAMMS model simulated all the potential tributary glacier avalanches of Saltoro valley very well. The weighted overlay analyses in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst revealed that the existing camp sites are safe and were not threatened by the glacier avalanche hazard. However, it was recommended that the Gayari camp should not be constructed at the same location and should be relocated to the proposed safe camp sites identified in this research study. The proposed methodology developed in the current study could be applied in the Siachen conflict zone for avalanche hazard/risk analysis of all the camp sites located in the valley. Numéro de notice : A2015-773 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2419171 Date de publication en ligne : 15/06/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2419171 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78829 [article]

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Multitemporal fluctuations in L-Band Backscatter from a japanese forest / Manabu Watanabe in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 5799 - 5813 Titre : Multitemporal fluctuations in L-Band Backscatter from a japanese forest Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Manabu Watanabe, Auteur ; Takeshi Motohka, Auteur ; Tomohiro Shiraishi, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 5799 - 5813 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] bande L [Termes IGN] biomasse forestière [Termes IGN] coefficient de rétrodiffusion [Termes IGN] constante diélectrique [Termes IGN] données multitemporelles [Termes IGN] forêt [Termes IGN] image ALOS [Termes IGN] image radar moirée [Termes IGN] Japon Résumé : (Auteur) The temporal variations (diurnal and annual) in arboreal (εTree) and bare soil (εSoil) dielectric constants and their correlation with precipitation were examined for several trees in Japan. A significant (1 σ (standard deviation) and 2 σ) εTree increase is observed after rainfall at 89.8% and 90.5% probability. However, rainfall does not always induce significant εTree increases. Rainfall of more than 5 mm/day can induce 1 σ εTree Tree increase at a 59.6% probability. In order to examine whether the increase in εTree affects the L-band σ0 variation in a forest, the four-year temporal variation of the L-band backscattering coefficient (σ0) was estimated from observations by the Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar. Observed maximum absolute deviations from the mean over the forest area were 1.0 and 1.2 dB for σHH0 and σHV0, respectively, and 4.0 and 3.0 dB over open land. σ0 and rainfall correlations show that εTree and σForest0 are proportional to precipitation integrated over seven or eight days; εSoil and σOpen land0 are proportional to precipitation integrated over three days. This finding indicates that εTree variations influence σForest areas0. A stronger correlation between σHV0 and precipitation is observed in several sites with low σHV0, where less biomass is expected, and several sites with high σHV0, where more biomass is expected. A weaker correlation between σHV0 and precipitation is observed for several sites with high σ- sub>HV0. These differences may be explained by the different contributions of double bounce scattering and potential transpiration, which is a measure of the ability of the atmosphere to remove water from the surface through the processes of transpiration. The two other results were as follows: 1) The functional relation between aboveground biomass and σ0 showed dependence on precipitation data, this being an effect connected with seasonal changes of the εTree. This experiment reinforces the fact that the dry season is preferable for retrieval of woody biomass from inversion of the functional dependence of SAR backscatter and for avoiding the influence of rainfall. 2) The complex dielectric constant for a tree trunk, which is measured between 0.2 and 6 GHz, indicates that free water is dominant in the measured tree. Numéro de notice : A2015-774 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2415832 Date de publication en ligne : 05/06/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2415832 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78832 [article]

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Simulation of the SuperSAR multi-azimuth synthetic aperture radar imaging system for precise measurement of three-dimensional earth surface displacement / Hyung-Sup Jung in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 6196 - 6206 Titre : Simulation of the SuperSAR multi-azimuth synthetic aperture radar imaging system for precise measurement of three-dimensional earth surface displacement Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Hyung-Sup Jung, Auteur ; Zhong Lu, Auteur ; Andrew Shepherd, Auteur ; Tim Wright, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 6196 - 6206 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre [Termes IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] image radar moirée Résumé : (Auteur) The SuperSAR imaging system, a novel multi-azimuth synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system capable of detecting Earth surface deformation in three dimensions from a single satellite platform, has recently been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of detecting precise 3-D surface displacement measurements with the SuperSAR imaging system using a point target simulation. From this simulation, we establish both a relationship between the interferometric SAR phase and the across-track displacement and a relationship between the multiple-aperture interferometry phase and the along-track displacement based on the SuperSAR imaging geometry. The theoretical uncertainties of the SuperSAR measurement are analyzed in the across- and along-track directions, and the theoretical accuracy of the 3-D displacement measurement from the SuperSAR system is also investigated according to both the decorrelation and the squint and look angles. In the case that the interferometric coherence is about 0.8 and that five effective looks are employed, the theoretical 2-D measurement precision values are about 3.67 and 6.35 mm in the across- and along-track directions, respectively, and the theoretical 3-D measurement precision values for 3-D displacement are about 4.05, 4.56, and 3.45 mm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. The result of this study demonstrates that the SuperSAR imaging system is capable of measuring the 3-D surface displacement in all directions with subcentimeter precision. Numéro de notice : A2015-804 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2435776 Date de publication en ligne : 01/07/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2435776 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78835 [article]

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High-latitude ionospheric irregularity drift velocity estimation using spaced GPS receiver carrier phase time–frequency analysis / Jun Wang in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 6099 - 6113 Titre : High-latitude ionospheric irregularity drift velocity estimation using spaced GPS receiver carrier phase time–frequency analysis Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jun Wang, Auteur ; Yu T. Morton, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 6099 - 6113 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement du signal [Termes IGN] gradient ionosphèrique [Termes IGN] mesurage de phase [Termes IGN] phase GPS [Termes IGN] temps-fréquence Résumé : (Auteur) The conventional spaced-receiver approach uses amplitude scintillations to estimate equatorial ionospheric irregularity drift velocities. This approach is less applicable at high latitudes where there is a lack of substantial amplitude scintillations. This paper presents a method to estimate ionosphere irregularity horizontal drift velocities based on GPS signal carrier phase measurements. Joint time-frequency analysis of the carrier phase measurements using an adaptive periodogram technique generates time-varying spectrograms of ionospheric irregularity-induced phase fluctuations. Cross correlation of the spectrograms between antenna pairs provides time lag information on propagating radio signals through the same ionospheric structure. The time lag information is combined with known positions of the receiver array, satellite orbits, and assumed irregularity altitude to infer ionospheric irregularity horizontal drift velocity. This paper presents the methodology and demonstrates its feasibility using data collected by a GPS receiver array at Gakona, Alaska. The potential error sources of this method are also analyzed. Numéro de notice : A2015-776 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2432014 Date de publication en ligne : 01/07/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2432014 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78880 [article]

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Improving soil moisture profile prediction with the particle Filter-Markov chain Monte Carlo method / Hongxiang Yan in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 53 n° 11 (November 2015) . - pp 6134 - 6147 Titre : Improving soil moisture profile prediction with the particle Filter-Markov chain Monte Carlo method Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Hongxiang Yan, Auteur ; Caleb M. DeChant, Auteur ; Hamid Moradkhani, Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 6134 - 6147 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] image Aqua-AMSR [Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo par chaînes de Markov Résumé : (Auteur) Satellite soil moisture estimates have received increasing attention over the past decade. This paper examines the applicability of estimating soil moisture states and soil hydraulic parameters through two particle filter (PF) methods: The PF with commonly used sampling importance resampling (PF-SIR) and the PF with recently developed Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (PF-MCMC) methods. In a synthetic experiment, the potential of assimilating remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture measurements into a 1-D mechanistic soil water model (HYDRUS-1D) using both the PF-SIR and PF-MCMC algorithms is analyzed. The effects of satellite temporal resolution and accuracy, soil type, and ensemble size on the assimilation of soil moisture are analyzed. In a real data experiment, we first validate the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) soil moisture products in the Oklahoma Little Washita Watershed. Aside from rescaling the remotely sensed soil moisture, a bias correction algorithm is implemented to correct the deep soil moisture estimate. Both the ascending and descending AMSR-E soil moisture data are assimilated into the HYDRUS-1D model. The synthetic assimilation results indicated that, whereas both updating schemes showed the ability to correct the soil moisture state and estimate hydraulic parameters, the PF-MCMC scheme is consistently more accurate than PR-SIR. For real data case, the quality of remotely sensed soil moisture impacts the benefits of their assimilation into the model. The PF-MCMC scheme brought marginal gains than the open-loop simulation in RMSE at both surface and root-zone soil layer, whereas the PF-SIR scheme degraded the open-loop simulation. Numéro de notice : A2015-777 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2432067 Date de publication en ligne : 02/06/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2015.2432067 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=78883 [article]

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