Descripteur
Termes IGN > sciences naturelles > sciences de la vie > biologie > botanique > phytogéographie
phytogéographie
Commentaire :
écologie végétale. >> inventaire de la végétation, distribution géographique, acclimatation (botanique), phytogéographie, introduction (botanique), migration (botanique), plante endémique, réintroduction (botanique), plante allochtone. >>Terme(s) spécifique(s) : limite de la végétation. Equiv. LCSH : Phytogeography. Domaine(s) : 570; 580. |
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Dynamics of fungal community composition, decomposition and resulting deadwood properties in logs of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris / Tobias Arnstadt in Forest ecology and management, vol 382 (15 December 2016)
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Titre : Dynamics of fungal community composition, decomposition and resulting deadwood properties in logs of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Tobias Arnstadt, Auteur ; Björn Hoppe, Auteur ; Harald Kellner, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 129 - 142 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Allemagne
[Termes IGN] bois mort
[Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica
[Termes IGN] Fungi
[Termes IGN] habitat d'espèce
[Termes IGN] habitat forestier
[Termes IGN] lignine
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris
[Termes IGN] richesse floristique
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) In forest ecosystems, deadwood is an important component that provides habitat and contributes to nutrient cycles, as well as to carbon and water storage. The change of wood constituents, nutrients and microbial species richness in the field over the whole time of decomposition has only rarely been studied, in particular not in relation to oxidative enzyme activities (mediating lignin degradation) and different forest management regimes.
To describe wood decomposition, we selected coarse woody debris (CWD) in form of 197 logs of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in forests with different management regimes across three regions in Germany. They were sampled and analyzed for wood density, water content, wood constituents (Klason and acid-soluble lignin, organic extractives, water-soluble lignin fragments), carbon, nitrogen and metals (Al, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn and Zn). Furthermore, the activities of oxidative enzymes like laccase, manganese peroxidase, and general peroxidase were measured. Since filamentous fungi (Basidiomycota, Ascomycota) are the major biological agents of wood decomposition, fungal species richness based on sporocarps and molecular fingerprints was recorded.
Higher forest management intensity had a negative effect on deadwood volume and in consequence on fungal species richness (sporocarps), but hardly to other analyzed variables. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the tree species for the concentrations of wood constituents and most nutrients as well as the activities of oxidative enzymes, although their course during decomposition was mostly similar among the tree species. We found that molecular species richness increased with the period of decomposition in contrast to the number of fruiting species, which was highest in the intermediate stage of decomposition. Both types of species richness increased with increasing volume of the CWD logs. Regarding the entire period of decomposition, white-rot fungi (WRF), based on identification of sporocarps, were the most abundant group of wood-decaying fungi in all three tree species. This corresponds well with the overall presence of laccase and peroxidases and the concomitant substantial loss of lignin, which points to the importance of these enzymes in deadwood decomposition. We found a continuous decomposition and decline of volume-related concentrations in wood constituents and nutrients with time of decomposition. Contrary to volume-related concentrations, the concentrations related to dry mass frequently increased.Numéro de notice : A2016-765 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.004 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.004 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=82401
in Forest ecology and management > vol 382 (15 December 2016) . - pp 129 - 142[article]A little disturbance goes a long way: 33-year understory successional responses to a thin tephra deposit / Dylan G. Fischer in Forest ecology and management, vol 382 (15 December 2016)
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Titre : A little disturbance goes a long way: 33-year understory successional responses to a thin tephra deposit Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dylan G. Fischer, Auteur ; Joseph A. Antos, Auteur ; William G. Grandy, Auteur ; Donald B. Zobel, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 236 - 243 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] association végétale
[Termes IGN] éruption volcanique
[Termes IGN] phytosociologie
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] richesse floristique
[Termes IGN] Saint-Helens, Mont
[Termes IGN] Washington (Etats-Unis ; état)
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Large volcanic eruptions can alter forest plant communities through a variety of mechanisms, including direct destruction of forests and changes to forest soils through tephra (aerially transported volcanic ejecta) deposits. While many studies have examined succession following direct destruction of forests, impacts to plant communities through tephra effects are less obvious, especially where the tephra depth is less than plant height. We used a 33-year experiment in an old growth forest that received shallow tephra deposition in the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (WA, USA), to examine plant communities. We determined if community differences between plots with and without tephra: (1) were detectable, and (2) changed over time. We found that plant communities differed significantly between plots with and without tephra after 33 years. Further, differences were stronger after 33 years than at two years following the eruption. Species richness increased over time in both plots with and without tephra, but live cover was largely stable after two years. Nevertheless, communities shifted in different directions over time, where the changes in species composition and abundance immediately following tephra deposition were inconsistent with net changes that occurred over 30 years afterwards. These results suggest that widespread and apparently minor deposits of tephra, usually interpreted to be of transient importance if any, may induce long-term modifications of understory plant communities. Numéro de notice : A2016-717 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.018 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.018 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=82192
in Forest ecology and management > vol 382 (15 December 2016) . - pp 236 - 243[article]The protective effect of forests against rockfalls across the French Alps: Influence of forest diversity / S. Dupire in Forest ecology and management, vol 382 (15 December 2016)
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Titre : The protective effect of forests against rockfalls across the French Alps: Influence of forest diversity Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Dupire, Auteur ; Franck Bourrier, Auteur ; Jean-Matthieu Monnet, Auteur ; S. Bigot, Auteur ; Laurent Borgniet, Auteur ; Frédéric Berger, Auteur ; Thomas Curt, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 269 - 279 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Alpes (France)
[Termes IGN] biodiversité végétale
[Termes IGN] composition floristique
[Termes IGN] éboulement
[Termes IGN] forêt alpestre
[Termes IGN] gradient de pente
[Termes IGN] longueur
[Termes IGN] pente
[Termes IGN] risque naturel
[Termes IGN] service écosystémique
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) The role of forests in the mitigation of natural hazards has been repeatedly demonstrated. The protective effect of mountain forests against rockfalls has especially been pointed out because it can constitute a natural and cost-effective protection measure in many situations. However, this particular ecosystem service may substantially differ according to the structure and the composition of the forest. Until now, the rockfall protection capability has always been studied at a local scale with only few forest types. Moreover, the comparison of the protective effect of the different forest types studied remains difficult because different methods and indicators were used. For the same reasons, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the influence of biological and structural diversities on the protection capabilities of forests from former works.
The aims of this study were (1) to quantitatively assess the protective effect of forests at the French Alps scale and build a classification based on the protection capability, (2) to compare the protective effect of the different forest types present in the French Alps and (3) to analyze the relations between the protective effect and the forest diversity in terms of stand structure and tree composition. For this purpose, the model Rockyfor3D was used to simulate the propagation of rocks on 3886 different forest plots spread over the whole French Alps. Quantitative indicators characterizing the protective effect of each forest plot were then calculated from the simulation results and used to perform the different analyses.
Our results emphasized the importance of taking into account the length of forest in the maximum slope direction for an accurate assessment of the protective effect. Thus, the minimum length of forest to get a reduction of 99% of the rockfall hazard was chosen as indicator to compare protective effect between forests. Using this indicator, half of the French Alpine forests presented a high level of protection after a short forested slope (190 m). A decreasing gradient in the protection capabilities was observed from forest types dominated by broadleaved species to those dominated by conifer species. Moreover, considering an equivalent proportion of conifers, stands dominated by shade-tolerant tree species showed better ability to reduce rockfall hazard. Finally, our study highlighted that a high biodiversity and a structural heterogeneity within the forest have a positive effect on the reduction of rockfalls hazard.Numéro de notice : A2016-766 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.020 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.020 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=82405
in Forest ecology and management > vol 382 (15 December 2016) . - pp 269 - 279[article]Comparison of methods used in European National Forest Inventories for the estimation of volume increment: towards harmonisation / Thomas Gschwantner in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)
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Titre : Comparison of methods used in European National Forest Inventories for the estimation of volume increment: towards harmonisation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Thomas Gschwantner, Auteur ; Adrian Lanz, Auteur ; Claude Vidal , Auteur ; Michal Bosela, Auteur ; Martin Vestman, Auteur ; Klemens Schadauer, Auteur ; Lucio di Cosmo, Auteur ; Jonas Fridman, Auteur ; Patrizia Gasparini, Auteur ; Andrius Kuliesis, Auteur ; Stein Michael Tomter, Auteur
Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 807 - 821 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] estimation statistique
[Termes IGN] harmonisation des données
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] volume en bois
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) The increment estimation methods of European NFIs were explored by means of 12 essential NFI features. The results indicate various differences among NFIs within the commonly acknowledged methodological frame. The perspectives for harmonisation at the European level are promising.
Context : The estimation of increment is implemented differently in European National Forest Inventories (NFIs) due to different historical origins of NFIs and sampling designs and field assessments accommodated to country-specific conditions. The aspired harmonisation of increment estimation requires a comparison and an analysis of NFI methods.
Aims : The objective was to investigate the differences in volume increment estimation methods used in European NFIs. The conducted work shall set a basis for harmonisation at the European level which is needed to improve information on forest resources for various strategic processes.
Methods : A comprehensive enquiry was conducted during Cost Action FP1001 to explore the methods of increment estimation of 29 European NFIs. The enquiry built upon the preceding Cost Action E43 and was complemented by an analysis of literature to demonstrate the methodological backgrounds.
Results : The comparison of methods revealed differences concerning the NFI features such as sampling grids, periodicity of assessments, permanent and temporary plots, use of remote sensing, sample tree selection, components of forest growth, forest area changes, sampling thresholds, field measurements, drain assessment, involved models and tree parts included in estimates.
Conclusion : Increment estimation methods differ considerably among European NFIs. Their harmonisation introduces new issues into the harmonisation process. Recent accomplishments and the increased use of sample-based inventories in Europe make perspectives for harmonised reporting of increment estimation promising.Numéro de notice : A2016--008 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0554-5 Date de publication en ligne : 02/05/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0554-5 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83833
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 807 - 821[article]Estimates of stem wood increments in forest resources: comparison of different approaches in forest inventory: consequences for international reporting: case study of European forests / Andrius Kuliesis in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)
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Titre : Estimates of stem wood increments in forest resources: comparison of different approaches in forest inventory: consequences for international reporting: case study of European forests Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Andrius Kuliesis, Auteur ; Stein Michael Tomter, Auteur ; Claude Vidal , Auteur ; Adrian Lanz, Auteur
Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 857 - 869 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) Quality and reliability of forest resource assessments depend on the ability of national forest inventories (NFIs) to supply necessary and high-quality data. Over the last decades and especially since the 1990s, the NFIs in European countries have been rapidly developing. Possibilities for obtaining reliable and accurate data on annual increment from different inventory types were evaluated, and sample-based inventories have been found to be superior to standwise inventories in providing reliable data. Simplified methods may be employed when increment cannot be directly estimated from inventory data. Numéro de notice : A2016--009 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0559-0 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0559-0 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83834
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 857 - 869[article]vol 73 n° 4 - December 2016 - Forest Inventories at the European level (Bulletin de Annals of Forest Science) / Jean-Michel Leban
PermalinkFrom inventory to consumer biomass availability - the ITOC model / Udo Mantau in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)
PermalinkOptimizing the bioindication of forest soil acidity, nitrogen and mineral nutrition using plant species / Paulina E. Pinto in Ecological indicators, vol 71 (December 2016)
PermalinkOverview of methods and tools for evaluating future woody biomass availability in European countries / Susana Barreiro in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)
PermalinkPlot location errors of National Forest Inventory: related factors and adverse effects on continuity of plot data / Haruki Nakajima in Journal of Forest Research, vol 21 n° 6 (December 2016)
PermalinkStatistical inference for forest structural diversity indices using airborne laser scanning data and the k-Nearest Neighbors technique / Matteo Mura in Remote sensing of environment, vol 186 (1 December 2016)
PermalinkThe effects of temporal differences between map and ground data on map-assisted estimates of forest area and biomass / Ronald E. McRoberts in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)
PermalinkThe role of European National Forest Inventories for international forestry reporting / Claude Vidal in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)
PermalinkTree diversity effect on dominant height in temperate forest / Patrick Vallet in Forest ecology and management, vol 381 (1 December 2016)
PermalinkL'inventaire forestier à façon : une réponse à des besoins locaux de connaissance de la ressource / Fabienne Benest in Forêt entreprise, n° 231 (novembre décembre 2016)
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