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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierThe role of European National Forest Inventories for international forestry reporting / Claude Vidal in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016)
Titre : The role of European National Forest Inventories for international forestry reporting Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Claude Vidal Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 793 - 806 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique)
[Termes IGN] harmonisation des données
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] ressources forestières
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) Despite agreements on definitions, the national data provided for international reporting are lacking comparability. To address this limitation the European National Forest Inventory Network has established criteria to harmonise definitions and to provide tools to transform national data into internationally comparable data.
Context : Forest reporting presents a series of challenges for countries, owing to diverse processes at international level such as the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA), Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol. Further challenges are faced at European level with Forest Europe and policy needs.
Aims : The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the national and international forest reporting processes and of the role of the National Forest Inventories (NFIs) and the long-associated challenges resulting from a lack of comparability in definitions used. In addition, there is a discussion on the role of the European National Forest Inventory Network (ENFIN) as a facilitator for enhancing harmonization and comparability of national data and the ancillary information required to monitor European forestry-related policies.
Methods : NFIs take part to international reporting processes as providers of information. They are correspondent to the FRA process, and then they know very well the context of harmonization. Participating in the ENFIN research projects, NFIs, and particularly authors, conducted a screening exercise on harmonization status at European and World level.
Results : This review article is a synthesis of the main findings of the abovementioned screening exercise. It highlights the main gaps in terms of comparability of result in international reporting. Thanks to ENFIN harmonization research project, it gives same ways of working as a possible benchmark for the rest of the world.
Conclusion : Based on the international reporting exercises, their interactions, and impacts on new forestry policy requirements, the need for a strengthened harmonization process can clearly be demonstrated. Due to European policy needs, research work within ENFIN has been initiated to develop tools for building comparable results at international level. This work is an important benchmark particularly for countries outside Europe from which to base future harmonization work.Numéro de notice : A2016--007 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0545-6 Date de publication en ligne : 18/04/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0545-6 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83832
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 793 - 806[article]
Titre : Comparison of methods used in European National Forest Inventories for the estimation of volume increment: towards harmonisation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Thomas Gschwantner, Auteur ; Adrian Lanz, Auteur ; Claude Vidal Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 807 - 821 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] estimation statistique
[Termes IGN] harmonisation des données
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] volume en bois
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) The increment estimation methods of European NFIs were explored by means of 12 essential NFI features. The results indicate various differences among NFIs within the commonly acknowledged methodological frame. The perspectives for harmonisation at the European level are promising.
Context : The estimation of increment is implemented differently in European National Forest Inventories (NFIs) due to different historical origins of NFIs and sampling designs and field assessments accommodated to country-specific conditions. The aspired harmonisation of increment estimation requires a comparison and an analysis of NFI methods.
Aims : The objective was to investigate the differences in volume increment estimation methods used in European NFIs. The conducted work shall set a basis for harmonisation at the European level which is needed to improve information on forest resources for various strategic processes.
Methods : A comprehensive enquiry was conducted during Cost Action FP1001 to explore the methods of increment estimation of 29 European NFIs. The enquiry built upon the preceding Cost Action E43 and was complemented by an analysis of literature to demonstrate the methodological backgrounds.
Results : The comparison of methods revealed differences concerning the NFI features such as sampling grids, periodicity of assessments, permanent and temporary plots, use of remote sensing, sample tree selection, components of forest growth, forest area changes, sampling thresholds, field measurements, drain assessment, involved models and tree parts included in estimates.
Conclusion : Increment estimation methods differ considerably among European NFIs. Their harmonisation introduces new issues into the harmonisation process. Recent accomplishments and the increased use of sample-based inventories in Europe make perspectives for harmonised reporting of increment estimation promising.Numéro de notice : A2016--008 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0554-5 Date de publication en ligne : 02/05/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0554-5 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83833
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 807 - 821[article]
Titre : Estimates of stem wood increments in forest resources: comparison of different approaches in forest inventory: consequences for international reporting: case study of European forests Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Andrius Kuliesis, Auteur ; Stein Michael Tomter, Auteur ; Claude Vidal Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 857 - 869 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) Quality and reliability of forest resource assessments depend on the ability of national forest inventories (NFIs) to supply necessary and high-quality data. Over the last decades and especially since the 1990s, the NFIs in European countries have been rapidly developing. Possibilities for obtaining reliable and accurate data on annual increment from different inventory types were evaluated, and sample-based inventories have been found to be superior to standwise inventories in providing reliable data. Simplified methods may be employed when increment cannot be directly estimated from inventory data. Numéro de notice : A2016--009 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0559-0 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0559-0 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83834
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 857 - 869[article]
Titre : From inventory to consumer biomass availability - the ITOC model Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Udo Mantau, Auteur ; Thomas Gschwantner, Auteur ; Alessandro Paletto, Auteur ; Marian L. Mayr, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 885 - 894 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] biomasse forestière
[Termes IGN] harmonisation des données
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (Auteur) The application of the ITOC model allows the estimation of available biomass potentials from forests on the basis of National Forest Inventory data. The adaptation of the model to country-specific situations gives the possibility to further enhance the model calculations. Numéro de notice : A2016--010 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0582-1 Date de publication en ligne : 09/11/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0582-1 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83840
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 885 - 894[article]
Titre : Improving the design of long-term monitoring experiments in forests: a new method for the assessment of local soil variability by combining infrared spectroscopy and dendrometric data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Emila Akroume, Auteur ; Bernd Zeller, Auteur ; Marc Buée, Auteur ; Philippe Santenoise, Auteur ; Laurent Saint André, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 1005 - 1013 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] dendrométrie
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] rayonnement infrarouge moyen
[Termes IGN] sol forestier
[Termes IGN] spectroscopie
[Termes IGN] surveillance forestière
[Termes IGN] variabilité
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (Auteur) Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy allows for the detection of local patterns of forest soil properties. In combination with dendrometric data, it may be used as a prospective tool for determining soil heterogeneity before setting up long-term forest monitoring experiments.
Context : Forest soils and stands generally exhibit higher spatial heterogeneity than other terrestrial ecosystems. This variability needs be taken into account before setting up long-term forest monitoring experiments to avoid multiple interactions between local heterogeneity and the factors tested in the experiment.
Aims : We hypothesized that raw near- and mid-infrared spectra can be used as an integrated proxy of a large set of soil properties. The use of this method, in combination with dendrometric data, should provide a quick and cost-effective tool for optimizing the design of experimental forest sites.
Methods : We assessed the local soil heterogeneity at 11 experimental sites in oak and beech stands, which belong to a new forest long-term ecological research (LTER) network. We used near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy in soil and litter samples. The spectra were subjected to principal components analyses (PCA) to determine the intra-site variability of the soil and litter layers.
Results : Based on mapped PCA coordinates and basic dendrometric data, it was possible to design the experiment and minimize the interactions between the treatment layout and the tested variables. The method was validated with chemical analyses of the soil. No interaction was detected at the set-up of the experiment between the treatment layout and chemical soil properties (C, N, C/N ratio, pH, CEC, Al, Mg, P2O5, Fe, Mn, Na, and K).
Conclusion : Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a useful tool for characterizing the overall heterogeneity of soil chemical properties. It can be used without any preliminary calibration. In combination with dendrometric data, it provides a reliable method for optimizing LTER plots in different types of ecosystems.Numéro de notice : A2016--012 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0572-3 Date de publication en ligne : 31/08/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0572-3 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83858
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 1005 - 1013[article]
Titre : Self-thinning in four pine species : an evaluation of potential climate impacts Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Pau Brunet-Navarro, Auteur ; Frank J. Sterck, Auteur ; Jordi Vayreda, Auteur ; Jordi Martinez-Vilalta, Auteur ; Godefridus M.J. Mohren, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 1025 - 1034 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] auto-éclaircie
[Termes IGN] Catalogne (Espagne)
[Termes IGN] changement climatique
[Termes IGN] diamètre des arbres
[Termes IGN] Pinus halepensis
[Termes IGN] Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata
[Termes IGN] Pinus nigra
[Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris
[Termes IGN] variabilité
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Self-thinning lines are species- and climate-specific, and they should be used when assessing the capacity of different forest stands to increase biomass/carbon storage.
Context : The capacity of forests to store carbon can help to mitigate the effects of atmospheric CO2 rise and climate change. The self-thinning relationship (average size measure ∼ stand density) has been used to identify the potential capacity of biomass storage at a given density and to evaluate the effect of stand management on stored carbon. Here, a study that shows how the self-thinning line varies with species and climate is presented.
Aims : Our main objective is thus testing whether species identity and climate affect the self-thinning line and therefore the potential amount of carbon stored in living biomass.
Methods : The Ecological and Forest Inventory of Catalonia was used to calculate the self-thinning lines of four common coniferous species in Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula (Pinus halepensis, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus uncinata). Quadratic mean diameter at breast height was chosen as the average size measure. The self-thinning lines were used to predict the potential diameter at a given density and study the effect of environmental variability.
Results : Species-specific self-thinning lines were obtained. The self-thinning exponent was consistent with the predicted values of −3/2 and −4/3 for mass-based scaling for all species except P. sylvestris. Species identity and climatic variability within species affected self-thinning line parameters.
Conclusion : Self-thinning lines are species-specific and are affected by climatic conditions. These relationships can be used to refine predictions of the capacity of different forest stands to increase biomass/carbon storage.Numéro de notice : A2016--013 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0585-y En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0585-y Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83859
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 1025 - 1034[article]
Titre : Editorial: “Forest Inventories at the European level” Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jean-Michel Leban Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 789 - 792 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique)
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierNuméro de notice : A2016--091 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtSansCL DOI : 1007/s13595-016-0586-x Date de publication en ligne : 10/10/2016 En ligne : http://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0586-x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84575
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 789 - 792[article]
Titre : Overview of methods and tools for evaluating future woody biomass availability in European countries Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Susana Barreiro, Auteur ; Mart-Jan Schelhaas, Auteur ; Gerald Kändler, Auteur ; Clara Antón-Fernández, Auteur ; Antoine Colin Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] biomasse forestière
[Termes IGN] disponibilité des données
[Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier national (données France)
[Termes IGN] modèle de simulation
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) Context : Knowledge of realistic and sustainable wood availability in Europe is highly relevant to define climate change mitigation strategies at national and European level, to support the development of realistic targets for increased use of renewable energy sources and of industry wood. Future scenarios at European level highlight a deficit of domestic wood supply compared to wood consumption, and some European countries state they are harvesting above the increment.
Aims : Several country-level studies on wood availability have been performed for international reporting. However, it remains essential to improve the knowledge on the projection methods used across Europe to better evaluate forecasts.
Methods : Analysis was based on descriptions supplied by the national correspondents involved in USEWOOD COST Action (FP1001), and further enriched with additionaldata from international reports that allowed characterisation of the forests in these countries for the same base year.
Results : Methods currently used for projecting wood availability were described for 21 European countries. Projection systems based on National Forest Inventory (NFI) data prevail over methods based on forest management plans. Only a few countries lack nationwide projection tools, still using tools developed for specific areas.
Conclusions : A wide range of NFI-based systems for projecting wood availability exists, being under permanent improvement. The validation of projection forecasts and the inclusion of climate sensitive growth models into these tools are common aims for most countries. Cooperation among countries would result in higher efficiency when developing and improving projection tools and better comparability among them.Numéro de notice : A2016--087 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-0564-3 Date de publication en ligne : 17/06/2016 En ligne : http://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0564-3 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84576
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp[article]
Titre : Annual volume increment of the European forests—description and evaluation of the national methods used Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Stein Michael Tomter, Auteur ; Andrius Kuliesis, Auteur ; Thomas Gschwantner, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 849 - 856 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] arbre mort
[Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique)
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes)
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] Union Européenne
[Termes IGN] volume en bois
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) In order to obtain the necessary information for decision making etc., it is of increasing importance to be able to assess increment in a reliable way. Only repeated measurements on permanent sample plots in national forest inventories can provide accurate and comprehensive information on the various components of annual increment. Such inventory systems are increasingly employed in European countries. The felling/increment ratio, characterizing wood use sustainability, should be expressed as the ratio of felled living trees (excluding dead trees) and net increment.
Context : Reporting of gross and net annual increment is an element of international forest resource assessments and crucial for sustainable forest management. A number of approaches exist for the estimation of increment and its various sub-components.
Aims : The main objectives of the study are to assess in detail what methods European countries have used and are planning to use in the future for international reporting of increment. Also, the usefulness of the various approaches for the assessment of increment is evaluated.
Methods : A questionnaire asking about their assessment methods was distributed among the UNECE/FAO national correspondents of all European countries and members of the UNECE/FAO Team of Specialists on Monitoring Sustainable Forest Management. Databases of the Temperate and Boreal Forest Resource Assessment 2000 and of the State of Europe’s Forests 2011 were also used. Furthermore, the methodological background was described on the basis of relevant literature sources and some examples for country groups presented.
Results : Countries have indicated what methods they used for assessment of various increment components, and the percentage of countries, forest area, and growing stock corresponding to these replies has been calculated. With regard to gross annual increment, these metrics represent about one third for inventories based on permanent sample plots, but this percentage is on the increase.
Conclusion : The concept of the “control method” for forest management was developed more than 100 years ago but only utilized at the local level. The same methodology is now widely used at the national and regional level due to the implementation of modern national forest inventories using permanent sample plots. Care should be taken to utilize the data correctly for international forest resource assessments, in order to, e.g., avoid double counting of dead trees.Numéro de notice : A2016--163 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-055 Date de publication en ligne : 13/06/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0557-2 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=87077
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 849 - 856[article]
Titre : Comparing close-to-nature silviculture with processes in pristine forests: lessons from Central Europe Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jean-Philippe Schütz, Auteur ; Milan Saniga, Auteur ; Jurij Diaci, Auteur ; Tomas Vrska, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 911 - 921 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation
[Termes IGN] Europe centrale
[Termes IGN] sylvicultureRésumé : (auteur) [introduction] The term close-to-nature silviculture already contains some ambiguity since (silvi) culture implies the act of forest use. This notion was coined a long time ago by well-known silviculturists (Gayer 1885; Engler 1905; Leibundgut 1943 and more) to characterise a new form of forest management that differs from plantation forestry and the clear-cut system. The aim was a paradigmatic alternative to create multi-storeyed and rich mixed forest stands, with forest management emulating natural processes and seamless replacement of generations. Which of these processes should be selected and the degree to which natural forest dynamics should be imitated have not yet been specifically defined because the term was conceived in a general and conceptual sense and, furthermore, the aim has never been to let nature work alone. We can here quote Leibundgut (1943, p. 152) [transl. from German] “The main task of silviculture is to maximise and maintain the value produced by the forest”. Such a formulation is still quite relevant today, when the term “value” is understood in a broader sense. Actually, it would be more appropriate to use the term “utility” (original term “utilité”) in the sense of Biolley (1901). Numéro de notice : A2016--167 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-016-057 Date de publication en ligne : 12/09/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0579-9 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=87204
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 911 - 921[article]
Titre : The effects of temporal differences between map and ground data on map-assisted estimates of forest area and biomass Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ronald E. McRoberts, Auteur ; Erik Naesset, Auteur ; Terje Gobakken, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 839 - 847 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes IGN] biomasse
[Termes IGN] données de terrain
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] estimation statistique
[Termes IGN] forêt
[Termes IGN] image Landsat
[Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données)
[Termes IGN] Minnesota (Etats-Unis)
[Termes IGN] Norvège
[Termes IGN] régression
[Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestierRésumé : (auteur) Key message : When areas of interest experience little change, remote sensing-based maps whose dates deviate from ground data can still substantially enhance precision. However, when change is substantial, deviations in dates reduce the utility of such maps for this purpose.
Context : Remote sensing-based maps are well-established as means of increasing the precision of estimates of forest inventory parameters. The general practice is to use maps whose dates correspond closely to the dates of ground data. However, as national forest inventories move to continuous inventories, deviations between map and ground data dates increase.
Aims : The aim was to assess the degree to which remote sensing-based maps can be used to increase the precision of estimates despite differences between map and ground data dates.
Methods : For study areas in the USA and Norway, maps were constructed for each of two dates, and model-assisted regression estimators were used to estimate inventory parameters using ground data whose dates differed by as much as 11 years from the map dates.
Results : For the Minnesota study area that had little change, 7-year differences in dates had little effect on the precision of estimates of proportion forest area. For the Norwegian study area that experienced considerable change, 11-year differences in dates had a detrimental effect on the precision of estimates of mean biomass per unit area.
Conclusions : The effects of differences in map and ground data dates were less important than temporal change in the study area.Numéro de notice : A2016--168 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-015-0485-6 Date de publication en ligne : 12/05/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0485-6 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=87210
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 4 (December 2016) . - pp 839 - 847[article]
