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Titre : Leistungskriterien zur Qualitätskontrolle von Robottachymetern Titre original : [Critères de performance pour le contrôle qualité du robot tachéomètre] Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : B. Krikel, Auteur Editeur : Bonn : Rheinische Freidrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Année de publication : 2004 Collection : Mitteilungen der geodätischen Institute, ISSN 0343-7361 num. 92 Importance : 117 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Allemand (ger) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] contrôle qualité
[Termes IGN] détection de cible
[Termes IGN] incertitude de mesurage
[Termes IGN] instrument de géodésie
[Termes IGN] objet mobile
[Termes IGN] performance
[Termes IGN] positionnement cinématique en temps réel
[Termes IGN] tachéomètre électroniqueIndex. décimale : 30.03 Instruments de géodésie Résumé : (Auteur) A wide range of geodetic measurement methods use tachymetry for technical implementation. The number of robotic-tachymeters with automatic target recognition has increased considerably during the last years. These instruments provide a precise target detection without manual operation by the user and help to accelerate measuring processes due to their automated units.
Différent methods of testing tachymeters have been established during the past years, but not all can be applied to robotic-tachymeters. The increasing automation of measurement processes and the complexity of the measurement systems require new testing approaches, which should not only be component based but should also take into consideration the system performance. Because of this automated tracking function robotic-tachymeters are able to carry out measurements to moving targets. To meet the requirements of robotic-tachymeters the existing testing methods have to be expanded to kinematic situations.
This thesis deals with the functional principles of target recognition and tracking and introduces the requirements for performance ratings. The principles of testing methods which are used in the surveying-related applications are compared to the methods of the ,Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt" (PTB). To express the uncertainties of measurements every single step of the measuring process is represented in a signal-flow-chart. These charts serve as a basis to, show the influence of some components on the results during the measurements. For the description of these uncertainties the ,Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement" (GUM) is used.
To examine the behaviour of robotic-tachymeters a testing method using a rotating circular path is introduced. The circular path has been set up in a way to enable extensive analyses providing time-related positions. The setup of the circular path is realised in two différent ways i.e. a horizontal or a vertical rotation level. The results contain the influence of différent measurement categories. A simulation serves to show the influence on the circular path by roughly synchronised measurement categories. The offset of the circular path can be used to calculate the time offset between the measurement categories. The time-related positions can further be used to derive the absolute position offset and to estimate the deviation. As examples two robotic-tachymeters have been examined, i.e. the Trimble 5602 DR200+ and the Zeiss Elta S10. The testings have shown that the absolute position offset turns out to be considerably larger than the offset of the circular path appears to be. The absolute position offset depends on the distance and rotational speed and take place in the range of a few inches. On the other hand the circular offsets are even smaller. The results allow comparisons between the selected set-up as well as between the examined instruments. The horizontal set-up delivers worse results than the vertical set-up. Based on the différent techniques of target recognition and tracking the instruments use, the circular path shows différent performances which serve as performance ratings. The capability of the circular path to supply performance-ratings has been proven.
The thesis concludes that a multitude of testing-approaches of tachymeters can be applied to the new measuring system " robotic-tachymeter ". It is not advisable to use either the component-based or the system-based testing methods only. Both testing-methods, have their own field of operation. The thesis recommends an introduction of rotational checking routines for quality control. Furthermore propositions are made to improve the construction of the circular path to meet the requirements of future instrumental developments.Numéro de notice : 15141 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55074 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 15141-01 30.03 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible Analysis of refraction influences in geodesy using image processing and turbulence models / Philipp Flach (2001)
Titre : Analysis of refraction influences in geodesy using image processing and turbulence models Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Philipp Flach, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Schweizerischen Geodatischen Kommission / Commission Géodésique Suisse Année de publication : 2001 Collection : Geodätisch-Geophysikalische Arbeiten in der Schweiz, ISSN 0257-1722 num. 63 Importance : 175 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-908440-05-5 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] analyse spectrale
[Termes IGN] détecteur à transfert de charge
[Termes IGN] filtre de Wiener
[Termes IGN] instrument de géodésie
[Termes IGN] instrumentation Leica
[Termes IGN] méthode des moindres carrés
[Termes IGN] modèle atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] réfraction atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] spectre électromagnétique
[Termes IGN] traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] turbulence
[Termes IGN] variance
[Termes IGN] vidéothéodoliteIndex. décimale : 30.03 Instruments de géodésie Résumé : (Auteur) The propagation path of light in the atmosphere is influenced by inhomogeneities of the refractive index. These refraction effects deteriorate the accuracy of the direction and distance measurements in geodetic applications. As illustrated by two examples in this report, the refraction effects cannot be accurately corrected up to now and, therefore, solutions must be provided which can be implemented into geodetic instruments. The presented approach is based on the determination of the temperature gradient being the decisive influential parameter for angular refraction effects.
In the atmosphere, temperature gradients are related to turbulent thermal exchange processes such as the turbulent sensible heat flux. In order to describe atmospheric turbulence, the applied statistical approach uses the method of spectral analysis which states that the atmospheric turbulent velocity field can be thought to consist of many eddies of different densities. This energy spectrum of turbulence can be modelled using the structure constant of refractive index CJ and the inner scale 10 of turbulence. If these two structure parameters are measured, the temperature gradient is derived from dimensionless profile functions using the so-called Monin-Obukhov similarity description. Hereby, the fact should be kept in mind, that the Monin-Obukhov similarity description and the energy spectrum of turbulence are only valid for vertical temperature gradient profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer.
This research work investigates the determination of the required structure parameter Cn and lo by means of image sensors which can be built into geodetic instruments. To derive the structure parameters CJ and 10 from the acquired image data, the application of appropriate image processing techniques is examined. The evaluation concept is based on angle-of-arrival fluctuations and intensity fluctuations. Angle-of-arrival fluctuations are perceived as high-frequency motions of image patterns grabbed by the sensor, and intensity fluctuations are related to the temporal variation of the gray values of the pixels. As presented in this report, these two effects of optical turbulence can be used to determine the structure parameter Cn and lo. For this purpose, image processing techniques must parameterize both angle-of-arrival fluctuations and intensity fluctuations. Within this research work, the angle-of-arrival fluctuations are modelled by the variance óx characterizing the shifting of image patterns which are located using edge detection algorithms. The intensity fluctuations are modelled by the variance óx characterizing the temporal intensity spectrum of the incoming light beam. In the scope of this research work, the variance óx is provided using digital filter techniques such as the Wiener filter or least-squares template matching.
In order to validate this concept, the video theodolite Leica TM3000V and a digital line scan camera Basler L120 are used as two different imaging systems to acquire image data during various practical field experiments. These field experiments revealed a partial good agreement between the structure parameter CJ and lo obtained by the image sensors and the ones obtained by a reference system (scintillometer). Basically, the method presented here is appropriate to reduce the refraction influence. A decisive advantage of this method is based on the fact that additional sensors are not necessary (except for the image sensors which are built into the instrument). However, as the exemplary comparison of temperature gradients shows at the end of the report, further research work in the scope of the atmospheric boundary layer is still necessary.Numéro de notice : 13062 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Autre URL associée : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004045114 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-004045114 En ligne : https://www.sgc.ethz.ch/sgc-volumes/sgk-63.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54863 Exemplaires(2)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 13062-01 30.03 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible 13062-02 30.03 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible
Titre : Development of a dispersometer for the implementation into geodetic high-accuracy direction measurement systems Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Burkhard Böckem, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 2001 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 73 Importance : 140 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906467-33-7 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] effet atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] émetteur
[Termes IGN] impulsion laser
[Termes IGN] mesurage électronique d'angles
[Termes IGN] mesurage électronique de distances
[Termes IGN] propagation du signal
[Termes IGN] rayonnement électromagnétique
[Termes IGN] récepteur bifréquence
[Termes IGN] réfraction atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] téléscopeIndex. décimale : 30.03 Instruments de géodésie Résumé : (Auteur) In the course of the progressive developments of sophisticated geodetic systems which offer a very high accuracy potential strategies for correcting atmosphere-related effects will become increasingly important. These atmosphere-related effects arise in a large span of time scales: systematic deviations caused by a quasi-stationary refractive index gradient environment, generally referred to as refraction in geodetic context, slowly transfer to stochastic deviations resulting from optical turbulence. Refraction corrected optical direction and angle measurements are required in numerous high-accuracy measurement applications. These applications include surveying tasks in connection with civil engineering projects, the alignment of particle accelerator facilities, surveying tasks in context within assembling processes in industrial environments, e.g. aircraft industry, tasks wherein surveying instruments provide the spatial guidance of large machines, etc. A dispersometer, based on the dual-wavelength method by utilizing atmospheric dispersion, constitutes a metrological solution to atmosphere-related effects. Another decisive advantage of a dispersometer is that the envisaged correction of atmosphere-related effects works integrally and is available in real time. The aim of this thesis was to develop this dispersometer to overcome atmospherically induced limitations in very high-accuracy direction and angle measurements. The dispersometer consists of two modules: the dual-wavelength transmitter and the detection system being composed of the dispersion telescope and a position sensitive detector. By applying the dual-wavelength method, the major .challenges in instrumental realization are the generation of coaxial single-mode emission at two spectrally optimized wavelengths and the achievement of optical position sensing accuracy in the order of a few nanometers. The development of the dispersometer is principally made possible by focussing on three key technologies: dual-wavelength generation by frequency conversion, optical fiber technology, and gap- technology. Within this work detailed studies of these three key technologies are performed. In this work it is demonstrated that a dual-wavelength laser by frequency conversion is clearly suited for the implementation in the dual-wavelength transmitter. Furthermore, a novel technique for achieving coaxial single-mode propagation at two spectrally wide-separated wavelengths by one single-mode fiber is established within this thesis. Due to the application of optical fiber technology it is now possible to couple both beams into one optical channel of a modem geodetic total station. In order to achieve optical position sensing with the accuracy of a few nanometers by using a short-focal-length receiving telescope, gap-technology by utilizing special segmented position sensitive detectors is applied. This thesis contains a complete treatment addressed to this technology. Within the course of dispersometer performance tests, difference position sensing accuracy of ó = 7.3 nm was achieved. Additionally, the existence of the position sensitive detector inherent dispersion was demonstrated. In combination with the dispersion of the receiving optics, the position sensitive detector inherent dispersion has to be considered for the measurement of the atmospheric dispersion induced displacement between both beams of different wavelengths. As a solution a self-calibration procedure which corrects the dispersion of the complete detection system is described. This self-calibration procedure which utilizes the impact of optical turbulence possesses the decisive advantages that it obviates the need of additional measurements and the dispersion correction can be computed and applied in real time. A substantial part of this thesis is devoted to dispersometer measurements. Two basic atmospheric conditions which are typical for industrial measurement tasks indoors were simulated. Additionally, a detailed study of the influence of the aperture diameter on the dispersometer measurements was performed. The optimal aperture diameter for the present instrumental layout and for the prevailing ambient conditions was 30 mm. For theodolite-like and smaller apertures it is confirmed that the accuracy of the refraction angle improves with the square root of the integration time. Due to dispersometer performance by using theodolite-like and possibly smaller apertures in combination with the self-calibration procedure, the implementation of a standard theodolite-telescope is proposed. In a moderately turbulent atmosphere the accuracy of the refraction angle for single- face telescope observation was found to be 0.2 µrad (0.01 mgon) after an integration time of 12 sand a sight length of 17 m. Summarizing the theoretical investigations, the key technologies involved in the instrumental development, and the experimental results, presented in this dissertation, it can be concluded that the realized dispersometer in combination with a theodolite is capable of the refraction corrected angular measurements, the influences of optical turbulence notwithstanding. The application of optical fiber technology and the envisaged implementation of a standard theodolite-telescope confirm the presumption that the realized dispersometer can be implemented into modem geodetic total stations. Improvements with respect to field-operativeness are expected by an industrial realization of the dispersometer and by implementing the dispersometer into modem geodetic total stations. The integration of blue laser diodes, when meeting the standards of nowadays infrared laser diodes, would significantly enhance efficiency and reduce overall costs. Due to the technologies presented within this thesis such an integration is clearly feasible. Numéro de notice : 14740 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Autre URL associée : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004176211 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : 10.3929/ethz-a-004176211 En ligne : http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:24109/eth-24109-02.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62684 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 14740-01 30.03 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible
Titre : Automated calibration of precise levelling rods in Finland Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : M. Takalo, Auteur Editeur : Helsinki : Finnish Geodetic Institute FGI Année de publication : 1997 Collection : Reports of the Finnish Geodetic Institute num. 97 Importance : 14 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Nivellement
[Termes IGN] chambre DTC
[Termes IGN] contrôle métrologique
[Termes IGN] étalonnage d'instrument
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] interféromètre au laser
[Termes IGN] mire de nivellement
[Termes IGN] nivellement direct
[Termes IGN] traitement d'imageIndex. décimale : 30.03 Instruments de géodésie Résumé : (Auteur) A totally automated vertical laser rod comparator was constructed at the new laboratory of the Finnish Geodetic Institute in 1996. The comparator uses a COHU CCD camera with an area sensor for determining the position of the rod marks to an accuracy of 0,5µm, the new HP laser Interferometer 5527A as a length standard and a stepping motor to move the rod on the linear conveyor. The QLI50 data collector measures weather parameters (temperature, humidity and pressure) automatically to correct the laser interferometer measurements. The pentium PC coordinates all hardware and subprocesses of the automated rod calibration. Numéro de notice : 55638 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=59892 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 55638-01 30.03 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible Low-cost GPS systems for intermediate surveying and mapping accuracy applications / M.D. Subari (1997)
Titre : Low-cost GPS systems for intermediate surveying and mapping accuracy applications Type de document : Monographie Auteurs : M.D. Subari, Auteur Editeur : Kensington [Australie] : University of New South Wales Année de publication : 1997 Collection : Reports from School of Geomatic Engineering num. S-50 Importance : 179 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-0-85839-075-1 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] logiciel de post-traitement GPS
[Termes IGN] récepteur GPS
[Termes IGN] test de performanceIndex. décimale : 30.03 Instruments de géodésie Numéro de notice : 67411 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Monographie Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=61752 Exemplaires(1)
Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 67411-01 30.03 Livre Centre de documentation En réserve M-103 Disponible PermalinkGPS cinématique temps réel Ashtech Z-12 : essai Sessyl d'août 1995, 1. Rapport / François Peyret (1996)
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