Centre de documentation
scientifique

Dépouillements

Infometric and statistical diagnostics to provide artificially-intelligent support for spatial analysis: the example of interpolation / C.H. Jarvis in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 17 n° 6 (september 2003)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 17 n° 6 (september 2003) . - pp 495 - 516 Titre : Infometric and statistical diagnostics to provide artificially-intelligent support for spatial analysis: the example of interpolation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : C.H. Jarvis, Auteur ; N. Stuart, Auteur ; W. Cooper, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : pp 495 - 516 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] aide à la décision [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] arbre de décision [Termes IGN] diagnostic [Termes IGN] interpolation spatiale [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique Résumé : (Auteur) The wider uptake of GIS tools by many application areas outside GI science means that many newer users of GIS will have high-level knowledge of the wider task, and low-level knowledge of specific system commands as given in reference manuals. However, these newer users may not have the intermediate knowledge that experts in GI science have gained from working with GI systems over several years. Such intermediate knowledge includes an understanding of the assumptions implied by the use of certain functions, and an appreciation of how to combine functions appropriately to create a workflow that suits both the data and overall goals of the geographical analysis task. Focusing on the common but non-trivial task of interpolating spatial data, this paper considers how to help users gain the necessary knowledge to complete their task and minimise the possibility of methodological error. We observe that both infometric (or cognitive) knowledge and statistical knowledge are usually required to find a solution that jointly and efficiently meets the requirements of a particular user and data set. Using the class of interpolation methods as an example, we outline an approach that combines knowledge from multiple sources and argue the case for designing a prototype 'Intelligent' module that can sit between a user and a given GIS. The knowledge needed to assist with the task of interpolation is constructed as a network of rules, structured as a binary decision tree, that assist the user in selecting an appropriate method according to task-related knowledge (or 'purpose') and the characteristics of the data sets. The decision tree triggers exploratory diagnostics that are run on the data sets when a rule requires to be evaluated. Following evaluation of the rules, the user is advised which interpolation method might be and should not be considered for the data set. Any parameters required to interpolate the particular data set (e.g. a distance decay parameter for Inverse Distance Weighting) are also supplied through subsequent optimisation and model selection routines. The rationale of the decision process may be examined, so the 'Intelligent interpolator' also acts as a learning tool. Numéro de notice : A2003-195 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/1365881031000114099 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/1365881031000114099 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22491 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-03061	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-03062	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Modelling the history of semi-structured geographical entities / Emmanuel Stefanakis in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 17 n° 6 (september 2003)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 17 n° 6 (september 2003) . - pp 517 - 546 Titre : Modelling the history of semi-structured geographical entities Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Emmanuel Stefanakis, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : pp 517 - 546 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées [Termes IGN] historique des données [Termes IGN] langage de requête [Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées [Termes IGN] modèle logique de données [Termes IGN] objet géographique Résumé : (Auteur) Geographical entities are characterized by rather complex structures. They involve space and thematic information, which is subject to change in time, while history should be maintained. On the other hand, these structures may be irregular (i.e. they do not necessarily conform to a fixed schema), because associated data is usually collected based on different specifications and multiple resolutions. Hence, the representation of geographical entities in traditional data models, such as the relational or object-oriented, is not always feasible. In this respect, this paper investigates the use of semi-structured data (SSD) models -an innovative approach recently developed in Information Technology- for modelling dynamic geographical entities. A framework for the representation of geographic entities in Object Exchange Model (OEM), a popular model for semistructured data, is introduced. Additionally, it is shown how useful information can be extracted from such a representation using the LOREL query language for SSD. A simplified case study in the application domain of cadastre involving SSD is examined closely. Numéro de notice : A2003-196 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/1365881031000114080 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/1365881031000114080 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22492 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-03061	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-03062	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Assessing vulnerability to earthquake hazards through spatial multicriteria analysis of urban areas / T. Rashed in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 17 n° 6 (september 2003)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 17 n° 6 (september 2003) . - pp 547 - 576 Titre : Assessing vulnerability to earthquake hazards through spatial multicriteria analysis of urban areas Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : T. Rashed, Auteur ; J. Weeks, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : pp 547 - 576 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG [Termes IGN] analyse multicritère [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] incertitude des données [Termes IGN] logique floue [Termes IGN] Los Angeles [Termes IGN] milieu urbain [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] séisme [Termes IGN] vulnérabilité Résumé : (Auteur) Assessing urban vulnerability to natural hazards such as earthquakes can be regarded as an ill-structured problem (i.e. a problem for which there is no unique, identifiable, objectively optimal solution). A review of the literature indicates a number of contrasting definitions of what vulnerability means, as well as numerous conflicting perspectives on what should or should not be included within the broad assessment of vulnerability in cities. This paper reports on the findings from a project in which a GIS methodology has been developed to assess urban vulnerability through a spatial analytical procedure. First, we highlight the deficiencies of current GIS approaches to urban vulnerability analysis and discuss the ill-structured nature of the vulnerability problem. We then propose a working definition for vulnerability assessment in which vulnerability is thought of as a spatial decision problem under the conditions of uncertainty. Next, we present a methodology to incorporate this definition into a GIS framework that combines elements from the techniques of spatial multicriteria analysis and fuzzy logic. The application of this methodology is then illustrated with a case study from Los Angeles County. The results suggest that the proposed methodology may provide a new approach for analyzing vulnerability that can add to our understanding of human/hazards interaction. Numéro de notice : A2003-197 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/1365881031000114071 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/1365881031000114071 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22493 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-03061	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-03062	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Usability evaluation and PPGIS: towards a user-centred design approach / Muki M. Haklay in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 17 n° 6 (september 2003)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 17 n° 6 (september 2003) . - pp 577 - 592 Titre : Usability evaluation and PPGIS: towards a user-centred design approach Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Muki M. Haklay, Auteur ; C. Tobon, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : pp 577 - 592 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Systèmes d'information géographique [Termes IGN] interface utilisateur [Termes IGN] participation du public [Termes IGN] SIG participatif [Termes IGN] utilisateur Résumé : (Auteur) Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) is a field of research that, among other things, focuses on the use of GIS by non-experts and occasional users. These users tend to have a diverse range of computer literacy, world views, cultural backgrounds and knowledge. These aspects require that the systems used within PPGIS are accessible and easy to use. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and the related usability evaluation techniques focus on how to make computer systems more accessible, while focusing on user needs and requirements. Thus, the synergy between PPGIS and HCI seems natural. In this paper, we discuss the aspects of this synergy, building on our experience from three workshops. We demonstrate how usability evaluation can contribute to PPGIS research, and how PPGIS research can contribute to the HCI aspects of GIS in general. We conclude this paper with a call for a user-centred design approach to PPGIS projects. Numéro de notice : A2003-198 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/1365881031000114107 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/1365881031000114107 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=22494 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-03061	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-03062	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible