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Microtopography and ecology of pit-mound structures in second-growth versus old-growth forests / Audrey Barker Plotkin in Forest ecology and management, vol 404 (15 November 2017)
[article]
Titre : Microtopography and ecology of pit-mound structures in second-growth versus old-growth forests Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Audrey Barker Plotkin, Auteur ; Peter Schoonmaker, Auteur ; Bennet Leon, Auteur ; David Foster, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 14 - 23 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation
[Termes IGN] analyse comparative
[Termes IGN] Betula (genre)
[Termes IGN] forêt ancienne
[Termes IGN] microtopographie
[Termes IGN] richesse floristique
[Termes IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier
[Termes IGN] tempêteRésumé : (auteur) Pit and mound microtopography is an important structural component of most forests, influencing soil processes and habitat diversity. These features have diminished greatly in northeastern U.S. forests since European settlement, as a result of the history of repeated logging, land-clearance followed by reforestation, and the smaller size of trees (and therefore windthrow features) comprising the prevailing second-growth forests. Despite the potential importance of this region-wide shift in forest microtopography on ecosystem structure and function, the differences in pit and mound size, distribution, and longevity between second-growth and old-growth forests are unexplored. Likewise, although many studies demonstrate that mounds and/or pits are hotspots for tree regeneration there is scant information about whether location on a mound or pit affects tree survival and growth beyond the seedling stage, or whether microtopographic regeneration patterns differ in old-growth and second-growth forests.
We compare a simulated hurricane experiment initiated in 1990 in second-growth forest (the pulldown) and an old-growth forest that was blown down by a hurricane in 1938 (Pisgah) to examine differences in pit-mound microtopography and ecology between second-growth and old-growth forest. At Pisgah, fewer, larger mounds comprised a similar areal coverage as at the pulldown. Repeated measurements of individual pit-mound structures in the pulldown revealed that pit infill proceeded more rapidly than mound erosion. Mound area increased but height decreased over time as soil from the mound tops eroded and spread around the mound base. Although 40% of mounds in the pulldown were >1 m tall immediately after the manipulation (maximum of 2.9 m), after 25 years, maximum mound height was 0.9 m. In contrast, 11% of mounds at Pisgah remained >1 m tall in 1989, 50 years after blowdown. At both sites, trees, especially Betula spp., were disproportionately found on mounds. Fewer trees than expected grew in pits at Pisgah. Tree mortality was somewhat higher on mounds and pits than on other substrates. As a mechanism to increase stand-level tree diversity, windthrow may be more critical in old-growth forests, in which niches for early-mid successional species are few, than in second-growth forest, in which early-mid successional species already comprise the majority of the trees. Pit-mound structures are a diminished component of second-growth forest, and silvicultural techniques designed to restore old-growth characteristics could include measures to preserve and enhance pit-mound features, and to cultivate large-diameter trees that will eventually create the large, long-lasting pit-mounds of the future.Numéro de notice : A2017-806 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.08.012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.08.012 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89243
in Forest ecology and management > vol 404 (15 November 2017) . - pp 14 - 23[article]Continuum of floristic composition between two plant communities – Carici elongatae-Alnetum and Fraxino-Alnetum / Natalia Czapiewska in Forest research papers, vol 78 n° 4 (November 2017)
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Titre : Continuum of floristic composition between two plant communities – Carici elongatae-Alnetum and Fraxino-Alnetum Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Natalia Czapiewska, Auteur ; Sonia Paz, Auteur ; Marcin K. Dyderski, Auteur ; Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 285 - 296 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Alnus (genre)
[Termes IGN] carex (genre)
[Termes IGN] continuité écologique
[Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation
[Termes IGN] forêt marécageuse
[Termes IGN] forêt ripicole
[Termes IGN] Fraxinus (genre)
[Termes IGN] incertitude des données
[Termes IGN] phytosociologie
[Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage
[Termes IGN] unité phytosociologique
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (Auteur) One of the crucial debates in vegetation ecology is whether plant communities are discontinuous, distinguishable units or whether they change continuously. Phytosociology assumes discontinuity and its methodology requires subjective sampling during vegetation inventories. For that reason, some researchers argue that phytosociology artificially creates discontinuity among plant communities. Our aim was to assess the continuity between ash-alder riparian forest (Fraxino-Alnetum), and alder swamp forest (Carici elongatae-Alnetum), and to check whether discontinuity observed between these two plant associations is an effect of subjective sample plot choice. We conducted 57 phytosociological relevés within a regular grid covering potential sites of both plant communities. All relevés were arranged in order of decreasing relative cover of the diagnostic species for each plant association resulting in a gentle gradient, indicating a continuous transition from Fraxino-Alnetum to Carici elongatae-Alnetum. Similar results were obtained by detrended correspondence analysis. The proportion of species from the Querco-Fagetea class, typical to Fraxino-Alnetum, was decreasing with increasing proportion of species from the Alnetea glutinosae class, typical to Carici elongatae-Alnetum. This shift followed a gradient of ecological light-moisture indicator values. Our results confirmed continuous transition between two plant communities and led us to the conclusion that discontinuity resulted from the standard sampling protocol used in classical phytosociology. This protocol, however, is useful in searching for typological patterns, required for classification of plant communities, which is the main aim of phytosociology. Nevertheless, it does not provide full insight into the variability of vegetation and introduces uncertainty when trying to understand ecosystem dynamics. This uncertainty should be taken into account when phytosociological data are used for nature conservation recommendations and to draw conclusion about vegetation dynamics. Numéro de notice : A2017-879 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1515/frp-2017-0032 Date de publication en ligne : 17/05/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/frp-2017-0032 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91160
in Forest research papers > vol 78 n° 4 (November 2017) . - pp 285 - 296[article]Habitat connectivity affects specialist species richness more than generalists in veteran trees / Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson in Forest ecology and management, vol 403 (1 November 2017)
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Titre : Habitat connectivity affects specialist species richness more than generalists in veteran trees Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson, Auteur ; Olav Skarpaas, Auteur ; Stefan Blumentrath, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 96 - 102 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] biodiversité
[Termes IGN] Coleoptera (ordre)
[Termes IGN] connexité (topologie)
[Termes IGN] Insecta
[Termes IGN] microhabitat
[Termes IGN] Norvège
[Termes IGN] Quercus (genre)
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Intensified human land use continues to increase habitat loss and fragmentation, and leads to a homogenization of biodiversity. Specialized species with narrow niches seem to be declining more rapidly than generalist species. Veteran trees offer an excellent model system for testing the responses of habitat specialists vs. generalists in a changing environment, as they host a rich fauna of associated insects, with different degrees of strict habitat affinity.
In this study, we use an extensive dataset of more than 22 000 wood-living beetles collected from 62 veteran oaks across Southern Norway, combined with a full-cover map predicting the occurrence of similar oaks in the surrounding landscape. We calculate three different connectivity measures, at eight different scales up to 25 km radius, and compare the response to patch size and patch connectivity for the specialist beetles in the veteran oak community, with that of the remaining beetle species in the community. We investigate these responses in oaks in two different surroundings; forests and parks. Our overall aim is to test whether habitat specialists and generalists respond differently to habitat patch connectivity, and if so, if differences in species traits or close surroundings can explain the response.
We found that the specialists showed a positive response to habitat amount on a small scale (0.5 km), and this effect of small-scale connectivity was the only common factor explaining a high species richness of specialists in all models, independent of park or forest surroundings. For generalists, there was no or only a weak response to connectivity, and only at the largest scale (25 km) tested.
The differences in response to habitat connectivity between specialists and generalists in veteran oaks can partly be explained by differences in traits, as the specialists were found to have larger body sizes, and feed on larger and more decayed dead wood material. These are all traits that have been related to increased sensitivity to forest fragmentation in earlier studies. The size and vitality of the oak, as well as the openness around it, also influenced the species richness, with different patterns between specialists and generalists and between the two types of oak surroundings.
We conclude that increasing biotic homogenization is likely to take place with further fragmentation and loss of veteran trees, and specialist species will be the major group affected.Numéro de notice : A2017-614 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.08.003 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.08.003 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86924
in Forest ecology and management > vol 403 (1 November 2017) . - pp 96 - 102[article]Tree species classification using within crown localization of waveform LiDAR attributes / Rosmarie Blomley in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 133 (November 2017)
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Titre : Tree species classification using within crown localization of waveform LiDAR attributes Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Rosmarie Blomley, Auteur ; Aarne Hovi, Auteur ; Martin Weinmann, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 142 - 156 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie
[Termes IGN] analyse multiéchelle
[Termes IGN] Betula pendula
[Termes IGN] betula pubescens
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] données lidar
[Termes IGN] données localisées 3D
[Termes IGN] espèce végétale
[Termes IGN] extraction de traits caractéristiques
[Termes IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes IGN] Norvège
[Termes IGN] Picea abies
[Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris
[Termes IGN] rotation d'objetRésumé : (Auteur) Since forest planning is increasingly taking an ecological, diversity-oriented perspective into account, remote sensing technologies are becoming ever more important in assessing existing resources with reduced manual effort. While the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology provides a good basis for predictions of tree height and biomass, tree species identification based on this type of data is particularly challenging in structurally heterogeneous forests. In this paper, we analyse existing approaches with respect to the geometrical scale of feature extraction (whole tree, within crown partitions or within laser footprint) and conclude that currently features are always extracted separately from the different scales. Since multi-scale approaches however have proven successful in other applications, we aim to utilize the within-tree-crown distribution of within-footprint signal characteristics as additional features. To do so, a spin image algorithm, originally devised for the extraction of 3D surface features in object recognition, is adapted. This algorithm relies on spinning an image plane around a defined axis, e.g. the tree stem, collecting the number of LiDAR returns or mean values of returns attributes per pixel as respective values. Based on this representation, spin image features are extracted that comprise only those components of highest variability among a given set of library trees. The relative performance and the combined improvement of these spin image features with respect to non-spatial statistical metrics of the waveform (WF) attributes are evaluated for the tree species classification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Silver/Downy birch (Betula pendula Roth/Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in a boreal forest environment. This evaluation is performed for two WF LiDAR datasets that differ in footprint size, pulse density at ground, laser wavelength and pulse width. Furthermore, we evaluate the robustness of the proposed method with respect to internal parameters and tree size. The results reveal, that the consideration of the crown-internal distribution of within-footprint signal characteristics captured in spin image features improves the classification results in nearly all test cases Numéro de notice : A2017-724 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.08.013 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.08.013 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=88409
in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 133 (November 2017) . - pp 142 - 156[article]Réservation
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[article]
Titre : Adapter les itinéraires sylvicoles pour atténuer les effets du changement climatique. Résultats pour la chênaie sessiliflore française à partir des réseaux d’expérimentations sylvicoles Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : François Lebourgeois, Auteur ; Raphaël Trouvé, Auteur ; Jean-Daniel Bontemps , Auteur ; Catherine Collet, Auteur ; Sébastien Daviller, Auteur ; Fabien Spicher, Auteur ; François Ningre, Auteur ; Daniel Rittié, Auteur ; Claudine Richter, Auteur ; Ingrid Seynave, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Projets : ARBRE / AgroParisTech (2007 -) Article en page(s) : pp 11 - 32 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] densité de la végétation
[Termes IGN] Quercus sessiliflora
[Termes IGN] sécheresse
[Termes IGN] surveillance forestière
[Termes IGN] variation de densité
[Termes IGN] variation saisonnière
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Les effets de la densité du peuplement et de la sécheresse estivale ont été analysés sur la croissance en diamètre et en hauteur du Chêne sessile (Quercus petraea) à l’échelle du peuplement et de l’arbre. Les données des inventaires dendrométriques issues de deux réseaux d’expérimentations sylvicoles ont été utilisées (réseaux LERFOB et GIS Coop, 9 sites, 31 placettes, 99 inventaires, âges de 10 à 120 ans). Ces réseaux étudient les effets de larges gradients de densité, depuis des arbres en croissance libre (relative density index, ou RDI, proche de 0) jusqu’à des situations de densité maximale avec des phénomènes d’autoéclaircie (RDI supérieur ou égal à 1). Les conditions climatiques varient de 660 à 850 mm par an pour un gradient thermique de 9,5 à 11,5 °C (moyenne 1990-2010). D’une façon générale, la densité module très fortement la croissance des arbres et du peuplement, la sécheresse jouant un rôle secondaire mais néanmoins significatif. Les arbres dominés participent peu à la croissance du peuplement et ceci est d’autant plus vrai que le peuplement est dense. La sécheresse réduit la croissance et ceci particulièrement pour les arbres non dominants. Ainsi densité et sécheresse ont le même effet, c’est-à-dire qu’elles accentuent les différences de croissance entre arbres quand les contraintes augmentent. En allouant davantage de ressources à leur croissance en diamètre par rapport à leur croissance en hauteur, les arbres dans les peuplements ouverts sont « trapus ». Au contraire, dans les peuplements denses, c’est la « course à la lumière » avec une croissance en hauteur accrue et ceci d’autant plus que l’arbre est dominé. Dans tous les cas, la sécheresse réduit davantage la croissance en hauteur que la croissance en diamètre. Enfin, après une sécheresse exceptionnelle (1976), la récupération des arbres a été la plus rapide sur les sites les plus secs (récupération après 2 ans) et elle fut très faible pour les arbres dominés dans les peuplements les plus denses (toujours pas de récupération après 7 ans). Ces résultats suggèrent une meilleure adaptation des chênes sessiles dans les conditions plus sèches. Numéro de notice : A2017-703 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueNat DOI : 10.4267/2042/62970 Date de publication en ligne : 19/10/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/62970 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=88084
in Revue forestière française > vol 69 n° 1 (octobre 2017) . - pp 11 - 32[article]Stand-volume estimation from multi-source data for coppiced and high forest Eucalyptus spp. silvicultural systems in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa / Timothy Dube in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 132 (October 2017)PermalinkSurvie des semis de ligneux pionniers dans les lits fluviaux : approche in et ex situ des facteurs de contrôle abiotiques et biologiques des espèces Populus nigra et Salix alba / Coraline Lise Wintenberger in Géomorphologie, vol 23 ([01/10/2017])PermalinkVariance of light-related foliar traits across spatial and temporal scales in the Mediterranean evergreen Olea europaea L. / Adrián G. Escribano-Rocafort in Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, vol 28 (October 2017)PermalinkUnderstanding the temporal behavior of crops using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2-like data for agricultural applications / Amanda Veloso in Remote sensing of environment, vol 199 (15 September 2017)PermalinkFunctional response trait analysis improves climate sensitivity estimation in beech forests at a trailing edge / Éva Salamon-Albert in Forests, vol 8 n° 9 (September 2017)PermalinkAutomatic mapping of forest stands based on three-dimensional point clouds derived from terrestrial laser-scanning / Tim Ritter in Forests, vol 8 n° 8 (August 2017)PermalinkAdaptive and plastic responses of Quercus petraea populations to climate across Europe / Cuauhtémoc Saenz-Romero in Global change biology, vol 23 n° 7 (July 2017)PermalinkClassification of European beech forests: a Gordian Knot? / Wolfgang Willner in Applied Vegetation Science, vol 20 n° 3 (July 2017)PermalinkDeveloping detailed age-specific thematic maps for coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes using random forests applied on Landsat 8 multispectral sensor / Abel Chemura in Geocarto international, vol 32 n° 7 (July 2017)PermalinkAssessing future suitability of tree species under climate change by multiple methods: a case study in southern Germany / Helge Walentowski in Annals of forest research, vol 60 n° 1 (January - June 2017)PermalinkDetermining tree height and crown diameter from high-resolution UAV imagery / Dimitrios Panagiotidis in International Journal of Remote Sensing IJRS, vol 38 n° 8-10 (April 2017)PermalinkEcological functions of vegetation as potentials of ecosystem services (floodplain alder forest in the Tríbeč microregion) / Pavol Eliáš in Journal of forest science, vol 63 n° 3 (October 2015)PermalinkMapping forest attributes using data from stereophotogrammetry of aerial images and field data from the national forest inventory / Jonas Bohlin in Silva fennica, vol 51 n° 2 (2017)PermalinkRadial growth resilience of sessile oak after drought is affected by site water status, stand density, and social status / Raphaël Trouvé in Trees, vol 31 n° 2 (April 2017)PermalinkLa Réserve biologique intégrale du Mont-Ventoux, un espace d’étude des écosystèmes forestiers hors sylviculture / Jérémy Terracol in Naturae, n° 5 ([29/03/2017])PermalinkTerrestrial laser scanning as a tool for assessing tree growth / Jonathan Sheppard in iForest, biogeosciences and forestry, vol 10 n° 1 (February 2017)PermalinkClimatic niche breadth can explain variation in geographical range size of alpine and subalpine plants / Fangyuan Yu in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 31 n° 1-2 (January - February 2017)PermalinkEstimation of ash mortality induced by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in France and Belgium / Benoît Marçais in Baltic forestry, vol 23 n° 1 ([01/01/2017])PermalinkDynamics of fungal community composition, decomposition and resulting deadwood properties in logs of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris / Tobias Arnstadt in Forest ecology and management, vol 382 (15 December 2016)PermalinkMapping individual tree health using full-waveform airborne laser scans and imaging spectroscopy: A case study for a floodplain eucalypt forest / Iurii Shendryk in Remote sensing of environment, vol 187 (15 December 2016)Permalink