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Drivers and implications of dominant and rare tree species in global forests / Iris Hordijk (2021)  

Public Titre : Drivers and implications of dominant and rare tree species in global forests Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Iris Hordijk, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ETH - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Zurich EPFZ Année de publication : 2021 Note générale : bibliographie Thesis submitted to attain the degree of Doctor of Sciences of ETH Zurich Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] âge du peuplement forestier [Termes IGN] biodiversité végétale [Termes IGN] biome [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] espèce végétale [Termes IGN] extinction (biologie) [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] forêt tropicale [Termes IGN] habitat (nature) [Termes IGN] peuplement forestier [Termes IGN] plante menacée [Termes IGN] productivité biologique [Termes IGN] richesse floristique [Termes IGN] service écosystémique [Vedettes matières IGN] Inventaire forestier Index. décimale : THESE Thèses et HDR Résumé : (auteur) Forests provide crucial ecosystem functions and services for the earth system and humanity. Due to ongoing deforestation and forest degradation, these ecosystems are increasingly fragmented and disturbed, significantly changing tree species composition within the forest. Most plant communities are comprised of a few dominant species that are numerically abundant, and many rare species, each of which exist at low abundance. Given their differences in abundance and characteristics, the loss of dominant and rare species have distinct impacts on ecosystem functioning. Decreasing abundances of dominant species typically have larger immediate impacts on overall ecosystem processes (e.g. productivity), while a decline in abundance of rare species can lead to the loss of key functions and overall multifunctionality, and can ultimately drive species extinctions. Despite their unique role in the ecosystem, it remains unclear what drives species to become dominant or rare, how threatened locally dominant and rare species are, and what the effect of species abundance on ecosystem function is across large environmental gradients in our global forests. The aim of this thesis is to explore the drivers of tree species abundance, and evaluate the effect of relative tree species abundance on forest productivity. Specifically, the three chapters of this thesis aimed to identify at a global scale the 1) patterns, drivers, and threats to dominant and rare tree species, 2) differences in trait values and trait diversity that differentiate the functional contributions of dominant and rare tree species, and 3) how evenness (the relative species abundances in the community) mediates the relationship between tree species richness and forest productivity in forests. In this thesis I answered these research questions by analyzing a global dataset of forest composition, which enabled me to describe broad-scale ecological patterns and to test general ecological laws. Note de contenu : General introduction 1- Patterns, drivers and threats to dominant and rare tree species worldwide 2- Trait diversity of dominant and rare tree species in global forests: a habitat filtering perspective 3- Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness Synthesis Numéro de notice : 28690 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : PhD Thesis : Sciences : ETH Zurich 2021 DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/520710 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=100131

Threat degree classification according to habitat quality: A case study from the Czech Republic / Pavel Lustyk in Forests, vol 12 n° 1 (January 2021)  

Public [article]  inForests > vol 12 n° 1 (January 2021) . - n° 85 Titre : Threat degree classification according to habitat quality: A case study from the Czech Republic Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Pavel Lustyk, Auteur ; Petr Vahalik, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : n° 85 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] carte de la végétation [Termes IGN] conservation des ressources naturelles [Termes IGN] habitat forestier [Termes IGN] plante menacée [Termes IGN] protection de la biodiversité [Termes IGN] République Tchèque [Termes IGN] site Natura 2000 [Termes IGN] Tracheophyta [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestière Résumé : (auteur) Important sources of information in the field of nature protection are red lists, which define the degree of threat to individual species. In practice, an assessment of the quality of the habitats in which a species occurs is used to a very limited extent in the preparation of red lists of vascular plants. At the same time, this parameter is usually essential to determine their degree of threat. At present, habitat quality data are available for the territory of the Czech Republic; these were obtained during Natura 2000 habitat mapping in the years 2000–2019. In this paper we propose the use of habitat quality data to determine the degree of threat to selected species of vascular plants and to compile a national red list. Nine plant species from three habitat types were selected for this study: meadows and wetland habitats in the alluvium of large rivers (Cardamine matthioli Moretti, Gratiola officinalis L., Teucrium scordium L.), fen habitats (Carex appropinquata Schumach., C. cespitosa L., C. lepidocarpa Tausch) and ecotone shrub habitats (Rosa agrestis Savi, R. micrantha Borrer ex Sm., R. spinosissima L.). For these species, the quality of the habitats in which they occur was analysed and grid maps were created, which present (1) the level of knowledge of habitat quality and (2) the average habitat quality. The results were compared with the degree of threat in the current national red list. Habitat quality analysis should also be used in the future to detect threatened species, which today are outside the red list and this assessment may be useful in compiling another updated red list of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Numéro de notice : A2021-144 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.3390/f12010085 Date de publication en ligne : 14/01/2021 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/f12010085 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97047 [article]

Potential of satellite-derived ecosystem functional attributes to anticipate species range shifts / Domingo Alcaraz-Segura in International journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation, vol 57 (May 2017)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of applied Earth observation and geoinformation > vol 57 (May 2017) . - pp 86 - 92 Titre : Potential of satellite-derived ecosystem functional attributes to anticipate species range shifts Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Domingo Alcaraz-Segura, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 86 - 92 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] biodiversité végétale [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] distribution spatiale [Termes IGN] Enhanced vegetation index [Termes IGN] habitat (nature) [Termes IGN] modèle numérique [Termes IGN] péninsule Ibérique [Termes IGN] plante menacée [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) In a world facing rapid environmental changes, anticipating their impacts on biodiversity is of utmost relevance. Remotely-sensed Ecosystem Functional Attributes (EFAs) are promising predictors for Species Distribution Models (SDMs) by offering an early and integrative response of vegetation performance to environmental drivers. Species of high conservation concern would benefit the most from a better ability to anticipate changes in habitat suitability. Here we illustrate how yearly projections from SDMs based on EFAs could reveal short-term changes in potential habitat suitability, anticipating mid-term shifts predicted by climate-change-scenario models. We fitted two sets of SDMs for 41 plant species of conservation concern in the Iberian Peninsula: one calibrated with climate variables for baseline conditions and projected under two climate-change-scenarios (future conditions); and the other calibrated with EFAs for 2001 and projected annually from 2001 to 2013. Range shifts predicted by climate-based models for future conditions were compared to the 2001–2013 trends from EFAs-based models. Projections of EFAs-based models estimated changes (mostly contractions) in habitat suitability that anticipated, for the majority (up to 64%) of species, the mid-term shifts projected by traditional climate-change-scenario forecasting, and showed greater agreement with the business-as-usual scenario than with the sustainable-development one. This study shows how satellite-derived EFAs can be used as meaningful essential biodiversity variables in SDMs to provide early-warnings of range shifts and predictions of short-term fluctuations in suitable conditions for multiple species. Numéro de notice : A2017-004 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.jag.2016.12.009 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2016.12.009 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83516 [article]