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Good things take time : Diversity effects on tree growth shift from negative to positive during stand development in boreal forests / Tommaso Jucker in Journal of ecology, vol 108 n° 6 (November 2020)
[article]
Titre : Good things take time : Diversity effects on tree growth shift from negative to positive during stand development in boreal forests Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Tommaso Jucker, Auteur ; Julia Koricheva, Auteur ; Leena Finer, Auteur ; Olivier Bouriaud , Auteur ; Giovanni Lacopetti, Auteur ; David A. Coomes, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Projets : 3-projet - voir note / Article en page(s) : pp 2198 - 2211 Note générale : bibliographie
Natural Environment Research Council. Grant Number: NE/S01537X/1 - European Union Seventh Framework Programme. Grant Numbers: 265171, FP7/2007‐2013Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] biodiversité végétale
[Termes IGN] cerne
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] Finlande
[Termes IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes IGN] production primaire brute
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Long‐term grassland biodiversity experiments have shown that diversity effects on productivity tend to strengthen through time, as complementarity among coexisting species increases. But it remains less clear whether this pattern also holds for other ecosystems such as forests, and if so why. Here we explore whether diversity effects on tree growth change predictably during stand development in Finland's boreal forests. Using tree ring records from mature forests, we tested whether diameter growth trajectories of dominant tree species growing in mixture differed from those in monoculture. We then compared these results with data from the world's longest running tree diversity experiment, where the same combinations of species sampled in mature forests were planted in 1999. We found that diversity effects on tree growth strengthened progressively through time, only becoming significantly positive around 20 years after seedling establishment. This shift coincided with the period in which canopy closure occurs in these forests, at which time trees begin to interact and compete above‐ground. These temporal trends were remarkably consistent across different tree species sampled in mature forests, and broadly matched growth responses observed in the much younger experimental plots. Synthesis. Our results mirror those from grassland ecosystems and suggest that canopy closure is a key phase for promoting niche complementarity in diverse tree communities. They also provide a series of testable hypotheses for the growing number of tree diversity experiments that have been established in recent years. Numéro de notice : A2020-360 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2020- ) Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/1365-2745.13464 Date de publication en ligne : 06/07/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13464 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96961
in Journal of ecology > vol 108 n° 6 (November 2020) . - pp 2198 - 2211[article]Increasing Cervidae populations have variable impacts on habitat suitability for threatened forest plant and lichen species / James D.M. Speed in Forest ecology and management, vol 473 ([01/10/2020])
[article]
Titre : Increasing Cervidae populations have variable impacts on habitat suitability for threatened forest plant and lichen species Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : James D.M. Speed, Auteur ; Gunnar Austrheim, Auteur ; Mika Bendiksby, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 10 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Cervidae
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] flore forestière
[Termes IGN] forêt boréale
[Termes IGN] habitat forestier
[Termes IGN] lichen
[Termes IGN] Norvège
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Large herbivores play a key role in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Cervidae (deer) population densities and community structure have undergone drastic changes in many parts of the world over the past decades, often with deer populations increasing. Many studies show impacts of Cervidae on multiple ecosystem properties, including vegetation and biodiversity, at local spatial scales. At larger spatial scales, however, impacts of changing Cervidae populations on forest ecosystems are less known. Although both abiotic and biotic dimensions contribute to shaping species’ niches, abiotic variables are generally given prominence when modelling species habitats and ranges. This is despite biotic changes, including changes in trophic structure, being an important component of global environmental change. In this study, we examined the potential contribution of Cervidae densities to the habitat suitability for rare plant and lichen species across the temperate and boreal forests of Norway, where cervid densities have increased over the past 60 years. We also examined how these changes in herbivore communities may have shaped habitat suitability for rare lichens and plants and discuss the results in light of continuing shifts in herbivore assemblages. We ran habitat suitability models for 47 species of rare plants and lichens, which were selected based on herbivory reported as a criterion for placement on the national red list for species. Climate (temperature and precipitation), forest (forest type and productivity), soil pH and Cervidae densities (moose Alces alces, red deer Cervus elaphus and roe deer Capreolus capreolus) were used as independent variables. Densities of one or more of the three Cervidae species were inferred to be associated with the distribution of 14 (ten lichen, one bryophyte and three vascular plant species) of these 47 species. We found a range of habitat suitability associations with Cervidae densities, including positive, negative and hump-backed responses. Increases in Cervidae densities over the past 60 years may have led to different spatial trends in habitat suitability across the 14 species. Our results suggest that Cervidae densities are associated with the distribution of rare forest plant and lichen species differently at large spatial scales; experimental studies should test the causality of these associations. If causal, this implies that Cervidae management should find a balance between high and low densities to conserve several plant and lichen species. The preponderance of epiphytic lichens species, for which habitat suitability was associated with Cervidae densities, calls for field studies to focus on Cervidae impacts on forest lichens. Numéro de notice : A2020-622 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118286 Date de publication en ligne : 20/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118286 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96018
in Forest ecology and management > vol 473 [01/10/2020] . - 10 p.[article]Vegetation unit assignments: phytosociology experts and classification programs show similar performance but low convergence / Lise Maciejewski in Applied Vegetation Science, vol 23 n° 4 (October 2020)
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Titre : Vegetation unit assignments: phytosociology experts and classification programs show similar performance but low convergence Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Lise Maciejewski, Auteur ; Paulina E. Pinto, Auteur ; Stéphanie Wurpillot , Auteur ; Jacques Drapier , Auteur ; Serge Cadet, Auteur ; Serge Muller, Auteur ; Pierre Agou, Auteur ; Benoit Renaux, Auteur ; Jean-Claude Gégout, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Projets : 1-Pas de projet / Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] classification automatique
[Termes IGN] cohérence des données
[Termes IGN] convergence
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] phytosociologie
[Termes IGN] unité phytosociologique
[Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestièreRésumé : (auteur) Aims : Assigning vegetation plots to vegetation units is a key step in biodiversity management projects. Nevertheless, the process of plot assignment to types is usually non‐standardized, and assignment consistency remains poorly explored. To date, the efficiency of automatic classification programs has been assessed by comparing them with a unique expert judgment. Therefore, we investigated the consistency of five phytosociology expert judgments, and the consistency of these judgements with those of automatic classification programs.
Location : Mainland France.
Methods : We used 273 vegetation plots distributed across France and covering the diversity of the temperate and mountainous forest ecosystems of Western Europe. We asked a representative panel of five French organizations with recognized expertise in phytosociology to assign each plot to vegetation units. We provided a phytosociological classification including 228 associations, 43 alliances and eight classes. The assignments were compared among experts using an agreement ratio. We then compared the assignments suggested by three automatic classification programs with the expert judgments.
Results : We observed small differences among the agreement ratios of the expert organizations; a given expert organization agreed with another one on association assignment one time in four on average, and one time in two on alliance assignment. The agreement ratios of the automatic classification programs were globally lower, but close to expert judgments.
Conclusions : The results support the current trend toward unifying the existing classifications and specifying the assignment rules by creating guiding tools, which will decrease inter‐observer variation. As compared to a pool of phytosociology experts, programs perform similarly to individual experts in vegetation unit assignment, especially at the alliance level. Although programs still need to be improved, these results pave the way for the creation of habitat time series crucial for the monitoring and conservation of biodiversity.Numéro de notice : A2020-461 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : BIODIVERSITE/FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/avsc.12516 Date de publication en ligne : 12/07/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12516 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95579
in Applied Vegetation Science > vol 23 n° 4 (October 2020)[article]Climate–growth relationships at the transition between Fagus sylvatica and Pinus mugo forest communities in a Mediterranean mountain / Chiara Calderano in Annals of Forest Science, vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020)
[article]
Titre : Climate–growth relationships at the transition between Fagus sylvatica and Pinus mugo forest communities in a Mediterranean mountain Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Chiara Calderano, Auteur ; Claudia Cocozza, Auteur ; Caterina Palombo, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] changement d'occupation du sol
[Termes IGN] croissance des arbres
[Termes IGN] dendrochronologie
[Termes IGN] dynamique de la végétation
[Termes IGN] écotone
[Termes IGN] Fagus sylvatica
[Termes IGN] forêt subalpine
[Termes IGN] Italie
[Termes IGN] Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata
[Termes IGN] précipitation
[Termes IGN] température
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) Key message: Species interactions implicate a complex balance of facilitation and competition, which may shift during community development, thus structuring the subalpine ecotone of Mediterranean mountain ranges through time and space. This study highlights that encroachment of grasslands and simultaneous downward/upward movement of forest tree species involve species interferences and environmental feedbacks, with differential effects on mountain pine and European beech, and the grassland communities of the Majella Massif.
Context: The transitional ecotone from the European beech closed forest to the mountain pine krummholz vegetation in the Majella Massif (Apennines, Italy) is a sensitive area to climate and land-use changes. Vegetation shifts in these ecotonal zones may cause a negative impact on the spatial distribution and survival of rare or endemic herbaceous species, thus influencing the appearance, structure, and productivity of the subalpine ecotone of the Majella National Park.
Aims: We focused on determining the structures and dynamics of this Mediterranean tree line, and the climate–growth relationships of European beech and mountain pine. We investigated the upward and downward movement of pine into areas potentially suitable for beech expansion, and the concurrent beech encroachment upward.
Methods: Growth dynamics and canopy cover of European beech closed forest and mountain pine krummholz vegetation were analyzed in relation to disturbances at four different sites.
Results: Spring and summer temperatures and summer precipitation affected stem radial growth of both species. In details, spring and summer temperatures negatively affected tree ring width (TRW) of European beech, except for the highest site, whereas spring temperatures affected positively and summer temperatures negatively TRW of mountain pine. Mountain pine expanded upward, encroaching formerly grazed pastures and harvested areas, especially where the soil is shallow and rocky; downward expansion is also occurring, following progressive abandonment of forest management practices. At the same time, European beech recruitment is moving upward, interspersed within mountain pine krummholz, taking advantage from canopy shelter and higher temperature.
Conclusion: Climate and land-cover simultaneous changes induce species interactions and a complex balance of facilitation and competition, which may shift during community development and structure the subalpine European beech-mountain pine ecotone of the Majella Massif through time and space.Numéro de notice : A2020-357 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-020-00964-y Date de publication en ligne : 17/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-020-00964-y Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95257
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020)[article]CO2 fertilization, transpiration deficit and vegetation period drive the response of mixed broadleaved forests to a changing climate in Wallonia / Louis de Wergifosse in Annals of Forest Science, vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020)
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Titre : CO2 fertilization, transpiration deficit and vegetation period drive the response of mixed broadleaved forests to a changing climate in Wallonia Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Louis de Wergifosse, Auteur ; Frédéric André, Auteur ; Hugues Goosse, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 23 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] dioxyde de carbone
[Termes IGN] écosystème forestier
[Termes IGN] émission de gaz
[Termes IGN] évapotranspiration
[Termes IGN] forêt de feuillus
[Termes IGN] gaz à effet de serre
[Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale
[Termes IGN] modèle de simulation
[Termes IGN] production primaire brute
[Termes IGN] stress hydrique
[Termes IGN] Wallonie (Belgique)
[Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatiqueRésumé : (auteur) Key message: The change in forest productivity was simulated in six stands in Wallonia (Belgium) following different climate scenarios using a process-based and spatially explicit tree growth model. Simulations revealed a strong and positive impact of the CO 2 fertilization while the negative effect of the transpiration deficit was compensated by longer vegetation periods. The site modulated significantly the forest productivity, mainly through the stand and soil characteristics. Context: Forest net primary production (NPP) reflects forest vitality and is likely to be affected by climate change. Aims: Simulating the impact of changing environmental conditions on NPP and two of its main drivers (transpiration deficit and vegetation period) in six Belgian stands and decomposing the site effect. Methods: Based on the tree growth model HETEROFOR, simulations were performed for each stand between 2011 and 2100 using three climate scenarios and two CO2 modalities (constant vs time dependent). Then, the climate conditions, soils and stands were interchanged to decompose the site effect in these three components.
Results: In a changing climate with constant atmospheric CO2, NPP values remained constant due to a compensation of the negative effect of increased transpiration deficit by a positive impact of longer vegetation periods. With time-dependent atmospheric CO2, NPP substantially increased, especially for the scenarios with higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For both atmospheric CO2 modalities, the site characteristics modulated the temporal trends and accounted in total for 56 to 73% of the variability.
Conclusion: Long-term changes in NPP were primarily driven by CO2 fertilization, reinforced transpiration deficit, longer vegetation periods and the site characteristics.Numéro de notice : A2020-594 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-020-00966-w Date de publication en ligne : 14/07/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-020-00966-w Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95932
in Annals of Forest Science > vol 77 n° 3 (September 2020) . - 23 p.[article]Ecology and management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L. syn. Q. borealis F. Michx.) in Europe: a review / Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu in Forestry, an international journal of forest research, vol 93 n° 4 (July 2020)PermalinkThe impact of drought on total ozone flux in a mountain Norway spruce forest / Thomas Agyei in Journal of forest science, vol 66 n° 7 (juillet 2020)PermalinkÉcosystèmes forestiers et maladies infectieuses : des liens complexes / Hélène Soubelet in Revue forestière française, vol 72 n° 3 ([30/06/2020])PermalinkInfluence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: A knowledge synthesis / Mathias Mayer in Forest ecology and management, Vol 466 (15 June 2020)PermalinkAnalysing the quality of Swiss National Forest Inventory measurements of woody species richness / Berthold Traub in Forest ecosystems, vol 7 (2020)PermalinkImproving precision of field inventory estimation of aboveground biomass through an alternative view on plot biomass / Christoph Kleinn in Forest ecosystems, vol 7 (2020)PermalinkIncorporating Sentinel-1 SAR imagery with the MODIS MCD64A1 burned area product to improve burn date estimates and reduce burn date uncertainty in wildland fire mapping / Kristofer Lasko in Geocarto international, vol 35 n° 6 ([01/05/2020])PermalinkA review of assessment methods for cellular automata models of land-use change and urban growth / Xiaohua Tong in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 34 n° 5 (May 2020)PermalinkCan Carbon Sequestration in Tasmanian “Wet” Eucalypt Forests Be Used to Mitigate Climate Change? Forest Succession, the Buffering Effects of Soils, and Landscape Processes Must Be Taken into Account / Peter D. McIntosh in International journal of forestry research, vol 2020 ([01/02/2020])PermalinkForest gaps retard carbon and nutrient release from twig litter in alpine forest ecosystems / Bo Tan in European Journal of Forest Research, vol 139 n° 1 (February 2020)Permalink