Centre de documentation
scientifique

Modelli GIS e visualizzazione di processi dinamici per reti di traffico / Claudia Dolci (2009)  

Public Titre : Modelli GIS e visualizzazione di processi dinamici per reti di traffico Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Claudia Dolci, Auteur Editeur : Zurich : Institut für Geodäsie und Photogrammetrie IGP - ETH Année de publication : 2009 Collection : IGP Mitteilungen, ISSN 0252-9335 num. 101 Importance : 140 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-3-906467-82-5 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Italien (ita) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG [Termes IGN] analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] cartogramme [Termes IGN] modélisation [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique [Termes IGN] trafic routier [Termes IGN] transport routier [Termes IGN] visualisation Résumé : (Auteur) Over the last decades, mobility and traffic have become themes of great concern. In Switzerland, as throughout the European Community, the road capacity has reached in some points its limits. The risk of congestion is increasingly tangible and concrete, seriously affecting the security and performance of the road networks. It is therefore crucial to analyze the transport system in order to find appropriate solutions for its planning. Planning means analyzing the demand of displacement and consequently structuring the offer (infrastructure and services) to meet the users' needs. The interventions may be different in nature and it might emerge, as demand continues to rise, that the construction of new infrastructure is not the only answer. The transport system needs an optimization process that contributes to fluidify traffic and ensures good accessibility. These results can be obtained, alongside the construction of new infrastructure, thanks to the improvement of existing ones, by organizing and synchronizing the offer of public and private transport systems, and/or through the definition of tariffs and timetables to be implemented in the public service. It is important to recall that travelling stems from the need of individuals to carry out activities in places located differently in the territory (work, study, entertainment, etc.), and situated other than in the place of origin. The need of displacement occurs in the form of traffic and can be formally defined as the number of users, with certain characteristics, utilizing the service offered by a transport system in a prefixed referenced period of time. As suggested by the definition itself, while simplifying partially the phenomenon, the demand for displacement and the subsequent traffic flows are characterized by the place of origin and destination (spatial peculiarity), by time interval reference (temporal peculiarity), displacement reasons and by the number and classes of users (socio-economic characterization). The various aspects related to the demand of displacement and traffic flows have suggested and determined a thorough analysis of potential applications and related benefits of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the sector of transport. In this context, we recall how GIS technology is able to combine in a single environment, the most common operations related to the use of a database (questions, statistical analysis) with the benefits of spatial analysis. According to Bartelme (2000), "GIS are a logical concept based on which the responsible staff uses and organizes the technical and methodological components to manage, analyse and disseminate information with spatial reference". Although planning transport systems is a traditional task related to transport engineering, in recent years many research issues related to traffic have constantly to develop at a rapid pace. However, the enormous amount of data produced and the lack of an instrument which allows the management and the visualization, often reduces the usefulness of many studies. In this thesis work this topic was addressed, by dealing with issues as modelling and visualization of data, and by considering them valuable elements for a proper analysis and interpretation of the information. Some key issues concerning traffic flows were analyzed, focusing on the temporal-dynamic aspect of the phenomenon. In this context, GIS have been proposed and used as a problem-solving tool, demonstrating once again their effectiveness in numerical analysis, in visualization and their ability to combine and to benefit from both aspects. During the work, the interest to better understand the used tools was further developed, both from a technical point of view and through their use in potential applications. The thesis work is divided into five chapters. The first two are mainly descriptive, while the remaining three chapters show some practical examples where GIS have been able to bring their contribution to the analysis and visualization of traffic flow data. For the application part of the thesis the Swiss context was chosen. The reasons were partly due to the collaboration with the Institute of Transport Planning of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (IVT) and partly to the data availability offered. Another aspect that has encouraged and suggested this option was the fact that the Swiss territory, with its infrastructure and its orography, provides a significant representation of the traffic phenomenon, as well as a wide variety of contexts (urban, sub-urban and inter-urban). These features mean that the applications developed in this frame can be adopted in other geographical contexts. The first chapter presents an overview of the current traffic situation in Switzerland, defining its main characteristics and identifying the areas of greatest concentration in order to frame and contextualize the applications developed in this work. The second chapter describes the characteristics and main components of a GIS referencing to the transports sector, as data modelling and the description of data analysis functions, focusing on the theme explored in the remaining chapters. In the following application-focused chapters three issues, likely to demonstrate the potential use of GIS in the transport sector, have been chosen. Chapter three takes a closer look to the data modelling and data visualization aspects ol information concerning traffic flow, illustrating some methods developed to visualize static and dynamic data related to daily mobility. Chapter four carries out an overview on infomobility services, describing a dynamic routing approach designed to update traffic data in real time for the Swiss reality. Finally, chapter five presents an application developed to create so-called time maps, discussing the construction of a series of maps produced for Switzerland which testimony/document the "shrinkage" of the country from 1950 to today. The data and the mathematical model used for the rescaling are described therein. Note de contenu : Introduzione Capitolo primo: IL SETTORE DEI TRASPORTI IN SVIZZERA II settore dei trasporti e la situazione del traffico in Svizzera Premessa La domanda di trasporto: ieri e oggi a confronto Scenari di evoluzione Chi si occupa di traffico in Svizzera? Inventario dei geodati esistenti riguardanti il settore dei trasporti Banca dati Swisstopo Banca dati STRADA-DB (ASTRA) MicroDrive (MicroGIS SA) Banca dati TeleAtlas Banca datiNavTech Bibliografìa Capitolo secondo: IGIS E LE APPLICAZIONI NEL SETTORE DEI TRASPORTI Utilizzo dei GIS nel settore dei trasporti Definizione di GIS GIS-T La delimitazione dell'area di studio e la zonizzazione II modello dei dati relativo all'offerta di trasporto Modello arco-nodo LRS e la segmentazione dinamica Alcuni esempi di modelli di offerta La definizione delle componenti della domanda di obilità L'analisi dei dati Interrogazioni Overlay Overlay pei tabelle di eventi Spadal Join Geocoding Ricerca del percorso minimo (Shortestpath and routing) Matrici origine/destinazione Connettività della rete Visualizzazione dell'informazione Conclusioni Bibliografia Capitolo terzo: VISUALIZZAZIONE E ANALISI DELLA MOBILITÀ GIORNALIERA La modellizzazione trasportistica La simulazione La stima della domanda di trasporto, alcuni approcci modellistici Software di simulazione Tipi di dati utilizzati Utilizzo del microsimulatore MATSim-T Descrizione tecnica II sistema di offerta I dati sulla popolazione e i piani delle attività giornaliere La tabella eventi I GIS come strumento dì visualizzazione e di analisi della mobilità Finalità dell'analisi post-simulazione Costruzione del modello logico Distribuzione del volume dei flussi di traffico L'analisi a ragnatela (spider analysis) Distribuzione geografica delle attività Confronto con dati reali Elaborazione del prototipo Conclusioni Bibliografìa Capitolo quarto: AGGIORNAMENTO IN TEMPO REALE DEI FLUSSI DI TRAFFICO L'infomobilità e il controllo delle rotte Impatto sui flussi di traffico della rete stradale Fonti di dati utilizzate per l'applicazione Rete stradale Informazione sul traffico e metodologia TMC Architettura dell'applicazione: alcuni aspetti tecnici Decodifica del messaggio di Viasuisse Localizzazione del disagio e aggiornamento della rete Attualizzazione della rete stradale Routinge internet Risultati Conclusioni Bibliografìa Capitolo quinto: LE CARTE DEL TEMPO La relazione spazio-tempo in cartografìa Visualizzare per creare conoscenza Evoluzione storica Le carte del tempo Anamorfosi e cartogrammi Soluzioni matematiche più recenti Riflessioni sulle carte del tempo La soluzione con il metodo dei minimi quadrati Correzioni aggiuntive Realizzazione delle carte del tempo Utilizzo di LTOP Realizzazione in ArcGIS Dati storici impiegati Risultati e commenti Conclusioni e possibili sviluppi Bibliografìa Conclusioni Numéro de notice : 15460 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005711051 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=62726

Exemplaires(1)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
15460-01	37.40	Livre	Centre de documentation	Géomatique	Disponible