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De geodetische referentiestelsels van Nederland : definitie en vastlegging van ETRS89, RD en NAP en hun onderlinge relaties / Arnoud de Bruijne (2005)    

Public Titre : De geodetische referentiestelsels van Nederland : definitie en vastlegging van ETRS89, RD en NAP en hun onderlinge relaties Titre original : Geodetic reference frames in the Netherlands: definition and specification of ETRS89, RD and NAP, and their mutual relationships Type de document : Rapport Auteurs : Arnoud de Bruijne, Auteur ; Joop van Buren, Auteur ; Anton Kosters, Auteur ; Hans van der Marel, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2005 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Green series num. 43 Importance : 117 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-291-7 Note générale : Bibliographie version numérique en néerlandais Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Néerlandais (nla) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Systèmes de référence et réseaux [Termes IGN] European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 [Termes IGN] géoïde local [Termes IGN] Pays-Bas [Termes IGN] positionnement par GPS [Termes IGN] réseau altimétrique local [Termes IGN] réseau géodésique local [Termes IGN] triangulation d'autres pays Index. décimale : 30.10 Systèmes de référence et réseaux géodésiques Résumé : (Auteur) Unambiguous and homogeneous geodetic reference frames are essential to the proper determination of locations and heights. The reference frames used in the Netherlands are the Rijksdriehoekmeting (RD) for locations and the Normaal Amsterdamse Peil (NAP) for heights. The RD has traditionally been managed by the Kadaster; the NAP by Rijkswaterstaat. The emergence of satellite positioning has resulted in drastic changes to these geodetic reference frames. A surveyor is now offered on, instrument, GPS (the Global Positioning System). capable of the simultaneous determination of locations and heights. This is possible by virtue of one three-dimensional geodetic reference system the European Terrestrial Reference System (ETRS89) which in the Netherlands is maintained in a collaborative arrangement between the Kadaster and Rijkswaterstaat. GPS has been advanced as a practical measurement technique by linking the definition of the RD grid to ETRS89. Nevertheless the introduction of GPS also revealed distortions in the RD grid, which are modelled in the RDNAPTRANS™ 2004 transformation. Furthermore, the use of the geoid model has become essential to the use of GPS in determining the height in comparison to NAP. Subsidence that has disrupted the backbone of the NAP gave cause to the need for a large-scale adjustment of the heights of the underground benchmarks and, in so doing, of the grid. Consequently new NAP heights have been introduced at the beginning of 2005 ; a new definition of the RID grid that had already been introduced in 2000 was once again modified in 2004. During the past few years two NCG subcommissions have devoted a great deal of time to these modifications. This publication lays down ETRS89, the RD and the NAP, together with their mutual relationships. In addition to reviewing the history of the reference frames and the manner inwhich they are maintained (including, for example, the use of AGRS.NL as the basis for the Dutch geometric infrastructure), the publication also discusses the status of the frames as at 1 January 2005. This encompasses the realisation of ETRS89 via AGRS.NL, the revision and new definition of the RD grid in 2004, and the new NAP publication in 2005. The publication also describes the mutual relationships between the frames in the modernized RDNAPTRANS™ 2004 transformation consisting of the new NLGE02004 geoid model and a model for the distortions of the RD grid. In conclusion, the publication also devotes attention to the future maintenance of the ETRS89, RD and NAP. The continuity of the Iink between the traditional frames and the three-dimensional frames is of great importance, and ETRS89 will continue to fulfil this linking role. The GPS base network and AGRS.NL reference stations will increasingly assume the leading role in the maintenance of the RD frame. The maintenance of the NAP will continue to be necessary, although during the coming decades the primary heights will not need revision. In so doing the high quzlity of the geodetic reference frames required for their use in actual practice will continue to be guaranteed. Numéro de notice : 13239 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Autre URL associée : téléchargement Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Rapport DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/index.php/en/publicatiesgb/green-series/item/2361-gs-43-a-d [...] Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54927

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Documents numériques

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Segmentation and classification of airborne laser scanner data / George Sithole (2005)  

Public Titre : Segmentation and classification of airborne laser scanner data Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : George Sithole, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2005 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 59 Importance : 184 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-292-4 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes IGN] algorithme de filtrage [Termes IGN] classification dirigée [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] milieu urbain [Termes IGN] précision de la classification [Termes IGN] segmentation [Termes IGN] semis de points [Termes IGN] télémétrie laser aéroporté Index. décimale : 35.20 Traitement d'image Résumé : (Auteur) Various methods have been developed to measure the physical presence of objects in a landscape with high positional accuracy, such as Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS). [...] The product of ALS is a cloud of points in 3D space. ALS is capable of delivering very dense and accurate point clouds of a landscape in a relatively short time. [...] However, the automatic detection and interpretation of individual objects remains a challenge. [...] Several algorithms have been developed to automatically detect the bare earth in ALS point clouds. An experimental study of filtering algorithms determined that in flat and uncomplicated landscapes, algorithms tend to do well. Significant differences in accuracies of filtering appear in landscapes containing steep slopes and discontinuties. These differences are a result of the ability of algorithms to preserve discontinuties while detecting large objects. A solution for this problem was determined to lie in the segmentation of ALS point clouds. If segmentation can be achieved in such a manner that all bare earth points are gathered into their own surface segments, then filtering can be done on the basis of surfaces rather than points. This should offer a more reliable classification since topological information can be used in addition to geometric information to classify surface segments. On the strenght of the study, a new segmentation based filtering algorithm was developed. [...] Numéro de notice : 13237 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/59Sithole.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54926

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Spatial data quality / Pepijn Van Oort (2005)  

Public Titre : Spatial data quality : from description to application Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Pepijn Van Oort, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2005 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 60 Importance : 125 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-295-5 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] base de données d'occupation du sol [Termes IGN] covariance [Termes IGN] données localisées [Termes IGN] erreur de classification [Termes IGN] généalogie des données [Termes IGN] incertitude des données [Termes IGN] occupation du sol [Termes IGN] précision de la classification [Termes IGN] qualité des données [Termes IGN] terminologie [Termes IGN] variance Résumé : (Auteur) The growing availability of spatial data along with growing ease to use the spatial data (thanks to wide-scale adoption of GIS) have made it possible to use spatial data in applications inappropriate considering the quality of the data. As a result, concerns about spatial data quality have increased. To deal with these concerns, it is necessary to (1) formalise and standardise descriptions of spatial data quality and (2) to apply these descriptions in assessing the suitability (fitness for use) of spatial data, before using the data. The aim of this thesis was twofold: (1) to enhance the description of spatial data quality and (2) to improve our understanding of the implications of spatial data quality. Chapter 1 sets the scene with a discussion on uncertainty and an explanation of why concerns about spatial data quality exist. Knowledge gaps are identified and the chapter concludes with six research questions. Chapter 2 presents an overview of definitions of spatial data quality. Overall, I found a strong agreement on which elements together define spatial data quality. Definitions appear to differ in two aspects: (1) the location within the meta-data report: some elements occur not in the spatial data quality section but in another section of the meta-data report-, and (2) the explicitness with which elements are recognised as individual elements. For example, the European pre-standard explicitly recognises the element 'homogeneity'. Other standards recognise the importance of documenting the variation in quality, without naming it explicitly as an individual element. In chapter 3, we quantified the spatial variability in classification accuracy for the agricultural crops in the Dutch national land cover database (LGN). Classification accuracy was significantly correlated with: (1) the crop present according to LGN, (2) the homogeneity of the 8-cell neighbourhood around each cell, (3) the size of the patch in which a cell is located, and (4) the heterogeneity of the landscape in which a cell is located. In chapter 4, I present methods that use error matrices and change detection error matrices as input to make more accurate land cover change estimates. It was shown that temporal correlation in classification errors has a significant impact and must be taken into account. Producers of lime series land cover data are recommended not only to report error matrices, but also change detection error matrices. Chapter 5 focuses on positional accuracy and area estimates. From the positional accuracy of vertices delineating polygons, the variance and covariance in area can be derived. Earlier studies derived equations for the variance, this chapter presents a covariance equation. The variance and covariance equation were implemented in a model and applied in a case-study. The case-study consisted of 97 polygons with a small subsidy value (in euros per hectare) assigned to each polygon. With the model we could calculate the uncertainty in the total subsidy value (in euros) of the complete set of polygons as a consequence of uncertainty in the position of vertices. Chapter 6 explores the relationship between completeness of spatial data and risk in digging activities around underground cables and pipelines. A model is presented for calculating the economic implications of over- and incompleteness. An important element of this model is the relationship between detection lime and costs. The model can be used to calculate the optimal detection time, i.e. the time at which expected costs are at their minimum. Chapter 7 addresses the question why risk analysis (RA) is so rarely applied to assess the suitability of spatial data prior to using the data. In theory, the use of RA is beneficial because it allows the user to judge if the use of certain spatial data does not produce unacceptable risks. Frequently proposed hypotheses explaining the scarce adoption of RA are all technical and educational. In chapter 7 we propose a new group of hypotheses, based on decision theory. We found that the willingness to spend resources on RA depends (1) on the presence of feedback mechanisms in the decision-making process, (2) on how much is at stake and (3) to a minor extent on how well the decision-making process can be modelled. Chapter 8 prescrits conclusions on the six research questions (chapters 2-7) and lists recommendations for users, producers and researchers of spatial data. With regard to the description, four recommendations are given. Firstly, spend more effort on documenting the lineage of reference data. Secondly, quantify and report correlation of quality between related data sets. Thirdly, investigate the integration of different forms of uncertainty (error, vagueness, ambiguity). Fourthly, study the implementation and use of spatial data quality standards. With regard to the application of spatial data quality descriptions, I have two main recommendations. Firstly, to continue the line of research followed in this thesis: quantification of implications of spatial data quality, through development of theory along with tangible illustrations in case-studies. Secondly, there is a need for more empirical research into how users cope with spatial data quality. Numéro de notice : 13261 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/60Oort.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=54944

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13261-01	37.00	Livre	Centre de documentation	Géomatique	Disponible

The GNSS integer ambiguities / Sandra Verhagen (2005)  

Public Titre : The GNSS integer ambiguities : estimation and validation Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Sandra Verhagen, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2005 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 58 Importance : 170 p. Format : 17 x 24 cm ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-290-0 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes IGN] ambiguïté entière [Termes IGN] axiome de Bayes [Termes IGN] code GPS [Termes IGN] contrôle qualité [Termes IGN] distribution de Student [Termes IGN] distribution, loi de [Termes IGN] estimation statistique [Termes IGN] Galileo [Termes IGN] Global Navigation Satellite System [Termes IGN] Global Orbitography Navigation Satellite System [Termes IGN] Global Positioning System [Termes IGN] mesurage de phase [Termes IGN] méthode des moindres carrés [Termes IGN] modèle fonctionnel [Termes IGN] modèle stochastique [Termes IGN] phase [Termes IGN] propagation du signal [Termes IGN] qualité des données [Termes IGN] résidu [Termes IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté Index. décimale : 30.61 Systèmes de Positionnement par Satellites du GNSS Résumé : (Auteur) Fast and high precision relative positioning with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is only possible by using the very precise carrier phase measurements. However, these carrier phases are ambiguous by an unknwon number of cycles. The knowledge that the ambiguities are integer-valued has been exploited in the past 15 years for the development of integer ambiguity resolution algorithms. Once the ambiguities are fixed to their integer values, the carrier phase measurements start to act as if they were very precise pseudorange measurements. [...] Nowadays, the non-trivial problem of integer ambiguity estimation can be considered solved. However, a parameter estimation theory is not complete without the appropriate measures to validate the solution. [...] Obviously, validation of the integer ambiguity solution is still an open problem. Two approaches are investigated here. The first method uses a new ambiguity estimator, the Best Integer Equivariant (BIE) estimator. [...] It was shown that the BIE estimator significantly outperforms the float or fixed solution only in a limited number of cases. Therefore, another new class of integer estimators is investigated : the class of Integer Aperture (IA) estimators. [...] IA estimation has several important advantages. [...] Finally, it is shown that the popular ratio test perform almost as good as the optimal IA estimator if the fixed fail rate approach is used. [...] Note de contenu : 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives and contribution of this work 1.3 Outline 2 GNSS observation model and quality control 2.1 Global Navigation Satellite Systems 2.2 GNSS observation equations 2.3 GNSS functional model 2.4 GNSS stochastic model 2.5 Least-squares estimation and quality control 3 Integer ambiguity resolution 3.1 Integer estimation 3.2 Quality of the integer ambiguity solution 3.3 The ambiguity residuals . 3.4 Quality of the fixed baseline estimator 3.5 Validation of the fixed solution 3.6 The Bayesian approach 4 Best Integer Equivariant estimation 4.1 The BIE estimator 4.2 Approximation of the BIE estimator 4.3 Comparison of the float, fixed, and BIE estimators . 4.4 Summary . . 5 Integer Aperture estimation 5.1 Integer Aperture estimation 5.2 Ellipsoidal integer aperture estimation 5.3 Ratio test, difference test and projector test 5.4 Integer Aperture Bootstrapping and LeastSquares . 5.5 Penalized Integer Aperture estimation 5.6 Optimal Integer Aperture estimation 5.7 Implementation aspects 5.8 Comparison of the different IA estimators 5.9 Performance of IA estimation 5.10 Summary 6 Conclusions and recommendations 6.1 Integer estimation and validation 6.2 Quality of the baseline estimators 6.3 Reliability of the results 6.4 Bias robustness Numéro de notice : 15134 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/58Verhagen.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55070

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3D Cadastre / Jantien E. Stoter (2004)  

Public Titre : 3D Cadastre Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Jantien E. Stoter, Auteur Editeur : Delft : Netherlands Geodetic Commission NGC Année de publication : 2004 Collection : Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy, ISSN 0165-1706 num. 57 Importance : 327 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-90-6132-286-3 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Cadastre numérique [Termes IGN] base de données foncières [Termes IGN] cadastre étranger [Termes IGN] cadastre numérique [Termes IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] données multitemporelles [Termes IGN] implémentation (informatique) [Termes IGN] intégration de données [Termes IGN] lever souterrain [Termes IGN] mise à jour [Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées [Termes IGN] modèle logique de données [Termes IGN] modélisation 3D [Termes IGN] Pays-Bas [Termes IGN] sous-sol [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique [Termes IGN] système de gestion de base de données Résumé : (auteur) In the current cadastral registration the parcel is the basic entity for the registration of property rights to real estate. The right of ownership to a parcel gives the right to use the volume above and below the parcel. As long as there is only one user on a parcel the cadastral registration, which is based on a division of land in parcels, is sufficient to provide insight into the property situation. However, problems occur when different types of use with different owners are located on top of each other, e.g. a parking garage or shopping mall below an apartment complex or a tunnel. Multifunctional use of space is becoming more important and the value of property has increased considerably during the last decennia. Also, not the land itself but the construction above, on or below the land has become the most valuable object. Because of these developments, the current cadastre should better reflect the true principle of property rights that entitle persons to volumes or constructions and not to just a surface. In addition a growing attention for risk management requires a cadastral registration that provides insight into 3D property situations. In the thesis '3D Cadastre' it is studied how cadastral registration can provide insight into 3D property situations. The research has resulted in an extensive background analysis, conceptual models for a 3D cadastre, prototypes and recommendations. The thesis shows the major preconditions to establish a 3D cadastre within current and future juridical, technical and cadastral frameworks. Note de contenu : 1 Introduction 1.1 Need for a 3D cadastre 1.2 Research scope 1.3 Research approach 1.4 Previous and related research 1.5 Contribution of the work . 1.6 Organisation of the thesis I Analysis of the background 2 Current cadastral registration of 3D situations in the Netherlands 2.1 Different types of cadastral registrations 2.2 The Netherlands' Kadaster 2.3 3D registration and Private Law 2.4 3D registration and Public Law 2.5 Other relevant aspects of cadastral registration 2.6 Conclusions 3 Current practice of 3D registration: case studies 3.1 Building complexes 3.2 Subsurface infrastructure objects 3.3 Conclusions 4 3D cadastre abroad 4.1 3D cadastral registrations abroad 4.2 Evaluating 3D cadastral issues in the Netherlands 4.3 Denmark 4.4 Norway 4.5 Sweden 4.6 Queensland, Australia 4.7 British Columbia, Canada . 4.8 Israel 4.9 Conclusions 5 Needs and opportunities for a 3D cadastre 5.1 Current cadastral registration of 3D situations in the Netherlands 5.2 Complexities of current cadastral registration . 5.3 Basic needs for a 3D cadastre 5.4 Opportunities for a 3D cadastre 5.5 3D applications outside the cadastral domain 5.6 Conclusions II Framework for modelling 2D and 3D situations 6 Theory of spatial data modelling 6.1 Data models 6.2 Conceptual model 6.3 Logical model 6.4 Physical model 6.5 UML 6.6 Spatial data modelling and DBMS 6.7 Standardisation initiatives 6.8 Conclusions 7 GeoDBMSs 7.1 Geometrical primitives in DBMSs 7.2 Topological structure in DBMSs 7.3 Spatial analyses in DBMSs 7.4 Implementation of a 3D geometrical primitive in a DBMS 7.5 Conclusions 8 3D GIS and accessing a 3D geoDBMS with frontends 8.1 3D GIS 8.2 Accessing a geoDBMS with a CAD frontend 8.3 Accessing a geoDBMS with a GIS frontend 8.4 Accessing a geoDBMS using Web technology 8.5 Conclusions 9 Integrating 2D parcels and 3D objects in one environment 9.1 Absolute or relative coordinates 9.2 Introduction of a case study 9.3 Integrated TINs of point heights and parcels 9.4 Analysing and querying parcel surfaces 9.5 Generalisation of the integrated TIN 9.6 Generalisation prototype 9.7 Conclusions . III Models for a 3D cadastre 10 Conceptual model for a 3D cadastre 10.1 Introduction of possible solutions 10.2 A 2D cadastre with 3D tags 10.3 The hybrid approach 10.4 A full 3D cadastre 10.5 Evaluating the conceptual models 10.6 Conclusions 11 Logical model for a 3D cadastre 11.1 3D rightvolumes in the DBMS 11.2 3D physical objects in the DBMS 11.3 Volume parcels in the DBMS 11.4 Maintaining history in the 3D cadastre 11.5 Conclusions IV Realisation of a 3D cadastre 12 Prototypes applied to case studies 12.1 Prototypes of the hybrid cadastre 12.2 Prototype of the full 3D cadastre 12.3 Conclusions 13 Summary, conclusions and further research 13.1 Analysis of the background 13.2 Framework for modelling 2D and 3D situations 13.3 Models for a 3D cadastre 13.4 Realisation of a 3D cadastre 13.5 Future directions for a Dutch 3D cadastre 13.6 Further research 13.7 Main results of this thesis Numéro de notice : 15113 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère DOI : sans En ligne : https://www.ncgeo.nl/downloads/57Stoter.pdf Format de la ressource électronique : URL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=55062

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Troposphere modeling and filtering for precise GPS leveling / Frank Kleijer (2004)    

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Automated aggregation of geographic objects / J.W.N. van Smaalen (2003)  

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Automation in architectural photogrammetry / Frank van den Heuvel (2003)  

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Reconstruction of 3D building models from aerial images and maps / ldikó Süveg (2003)  

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Fast precise GPS positioning in the presence of ionospheric delays / Dennis Odijk (2002)  

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Systems of land registration / Jaap Zevenbergen (2002)  

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The first absolute gravity measurements in the Netherlands / Marc Crombaghs (2002)  

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Quality assessment of satellite-based global gravity fields models / Johannes Bouman (2000)  

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The influence of data quality on the detectability of sea-level height variations / K.I. Van Onselen (2000)  

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Time in GIS: issues in spatio-temporal modelling / Luc Heres (2000)  

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A processing strategy for the application of the GPS in networks / P.J. de Jonge (1998)  

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Recursive data processing for kinematic GPS surveying / Christian Tiberius (1998)  

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Knowledge-based interpretation of aerial images for updating of road maps / Marlies de Gunst (1996)  

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Methods for the generalization of geo-databases / Martien Molenaar (1996)  

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Geodetic dual-frequency GPS receivers under anti-spoofing / P.G. Sluiter (1995)  

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Geodetic work in the Netherlands 1991-1994 / P.G. Sluiter (1995)

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Het eerste orde zwaartekrachtnet van Nederland en het Nederlands zwaartekrachtdatum 1993 (NEDZWA93) / Erik de Min (1995)  

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Linking up spatial models in geodesy extended S-transformations / W. Baarda (1995)  

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Advanced geographic data modelling / Martien Molenaar (1994)  

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Global gravity field modelling using satellite gravity gradiometry / Radboud Koop (1993)  

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