| Titre : |
Skylab explores the Earth |
| Type de document : |
Monographie |
| Auteurs : |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA, Auteur |
| Editeur : |
Washington : National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA |
| Année de publication : |
1977 |
| Importance : |
517 p. |
| Format : |
24 x 30 cm |
| Langues : |
Anglais (eng) |
| Descripteur : |
[Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de télédétection
[Termes IGN] désert
[Termes IGN] géologie
[Termes IGN] hydrographie de surface
[Termes IGN] météorologie
[Termes IGN] océanographie spatiale
[Termes IGN] photographie Skylab
[Termes IGN] pollution atmosphérique
[Termes IGN] sécheresse
[Termes IGN] tectonique
[Termes IGN] volcan
|
| Index. décimale : |
35.40 Applications de télédétection - généralités |
| Résumé : |
(Auteur) During the 84 days the Skylab 4 crew orbited the Earth at 435 km (235 n. mi.) above the surface, conducted an experiment to determine the role of man in observing the Earth on future Earth-orbital missions. The preflight training for the crew consisted of 20 hours of lectures by 19 discipline scientists and was designed to provide the astronauts with an insight into the scientific significance of a feature or phenomenon, the type of information desired by the scientist, and the procedures for observing and photographing. The scientists and the NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center visual Observations Team, operating through the Mission Control Center, scheduled daily sites for the crew to observe. An onboard data book and a world map showing the site locations were used by the astronauts as background information for the 165 features and phenomena that were identified by the scientists during premission training. Although the time available for the crew to observe and photograph features of interest was limited, more than 850 verbal descriptions were made and approximately 2000 photographs were returned by the Skylab 4 astronauts. The Skylab 4 visual observations, in combination with the handheld-camera photographs from the other Skylab missions, have resulted in new information on (1) Earth features and processes, (2) operational procedures and constraints in observing and photographing the Earth, and (3) the use of man in the real-time analysis of oceanic and atmospheric phenomena.
Binoculars (10x) and handheld Hasselblad (70 mm) and ikon (35 mm) cameras were the principal instruments used by the crewmen. The camera and lens cornbinations provided wide, medium, and narrow fields of view. Color exterior Ektachrome film was used almost exclusively for photography; the few frames of Ektachrome color-infrared film that were exposed for specific features were generally not as satisfactory as natural color.
Skylab 4 has shown that the study of Earth features can be most effective under specific lighting and surface conditions. The crew observed and photographed the Earth over the entire range of Sun angles from low twilight to local noon and over a range of viewing angles from nadir to high oblique when the Earth's horizon appeared in the scene. Because Skylab 4 was flown in the winter months over the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover enhanced many land features. With the combinations of Sun and viewing angles and the variation in surface conditions, some unusual photographs of the Earth's surface were obtained and are discussed in the individual sections of this report. |
| Note de contenu : |
INTRODUCTION
Verl R. Wilmarth, John L. Kaltenbach, and William B. Lenoir
1. SUMMARY
Verl R. Wilmarth
2. DESERT SAND SEAS
Edwin D. McKee, Carol S. Breed, and Steven G. Fryberger
3. GLOBAL TECTONICS: SOME GEOLOGIC ANALYSES OF OBSERVATIONS AND
PHOTOGRAPHS FROM SKYLAB
W. R. Muehlberger, P. R. Gucewa, A. W. Ritchie, and E. R. Swanson
4. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOUTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA
L. T. Silver, T. H. Anderson, C. M. Conway, J. D. Murray, and R. E. Po well
5. SKYLAB 4 OBSERVATIONS OF VOLCANOES
PART A. VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC LANDFORMS
Jules D. Friedman and Grant Heiken
PART B. SUMMIT ERUPTION OF FERNANDINA CALDERA, GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR
Tom Simkin and Arthur F. Krueger
6. THE MANICOUAGAN IMPACT STRUCTURE OBSERVED FROM SKYLAB
M. R. Dence
7. SNOWMAPPING EXPERIMENT
James C. Barnes, Clinton J. Bo wley, J. Thomas Parr, and Michael D. Smallwood
8. CULTURAL FEATURES IMAGED AND OBSERVED FROM SKYLAB 4
Robert K. Holz
9. VEGETATION PATTERNS
David M. Carneggie and Brian T Fine
10. REPORT ON THE SKYLAB 4 AFRICAN DROUGHT AND ARID LANDS EXPERIMENT
N. H. MacLeod, J. S. Schubert, and P Anaejionu
11. VISUAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE OCEAN
Robert E. Stevenson, L. David Carter, Stephen P. Vonder Haar, and Richard 0. Stone
12. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO OCEANOGRAPHY FROM SKYLAB VISUAL OBSERVATIONS AND HANDHELD-CAMERA PHOTOGRAPHS
George A. Maul and Michael McCaslin
13. VISUAL OBSERVATIONS OF FLOATING ICE FROM SKYLAB
W. J. Campbell, R. 0. Ramseier, W. F. Weeks, and J. A. Wayenberg
14. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSTS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION PHENOMENA
Darryl Randerson
15. METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF SKYLAB HANDHELD-CAMERA PHOTOGRAPHS
W. C. Skillman and William E. Shenk
16. SOME ASPECTS OF TROPICAL STORM STRUCTURE REVEALED BY HANDHELD-CAMERA PHOTOGRAPHS FROM SPACE
Peter G. Black
17. MESOSCALE WAKE CLOUDS IN SKYLAB PHOTOGRAPHS
T. Theodore Fujita and Jaime J. Tecson
18. MESOSCALE CLOUD FEATURES OBSERVED FROM SKYLAB
David E. Pitts, J. T. Lee, J. Fein, Y. Sasaki, Kit Wagner, and R. Johnson
APPENDIX A-GLOSSARY
APPENDIX B-STANDARD WEATHER SYMBOLS
APPENDIX C-PHOTOGRAPH INDEX |
| Numéro de notice : |
16553 |
| Affiliation des auteurs : |
non IGN |
| Thématique : |
IMAGERIE |
| Nature : |
Recueil / ouvrage collectif |
| Permalink : |
https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=41218 |
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Skylab explores the Earth (1977)
