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Analysis of the effect of climate warming on paludification processes: Will soil conditions limit the adaptation of Northern boreal forests to climate change? A synthesis / Ahmed Laamrani in Forests, vol 11 n°11 (November 2020)  

Public [article]  inForests > vol 11 n°11 (November 2020) . - n° 1176 Titre : Analysis of the effect of climate warming on paludification processes: Will soil conditions limit the adaptation of Northern boreal forests to climate change? A synthesis Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ahmed Laamrani, Auteur ; Osvaldo Valeria, Auteur ; Abdelghani Chehbouni, Auteur ; Yves Bergeron, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : n° 1176 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Canada [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] paludification [Termes IGN] précipitation [Termes IGN] température au sol [Termes IGN] tourbe [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Northern boreal forests are characterized by accumulation of accumulation of peat (e.g., known as paludification). The functioning of northern boreal forest species and their capacity to adapt to environmental changes appear to depend on soil conditions. Climate warming is expected to have particularly pronounced effects on paludified boreal ecosystems and can alter current forest species composition and adaptation by changing soil conditions such as moisture, temperature regimes, and soil respiration. In this paper, we review and synthesize results from various reported studies (i.e., 88 research articles cited hereafter) to assess the effects of climatic warming on soil conditions of paludified forests in North America. Predictions that global warming may increase the decomposition rate must be considered in combination with its impact on soil moisture, which appears to be a limiting factor. Local adaptation or acclimation to current climatic conditions is occurring in boreal forests, which is likely to be important for continued ecosystem stability in the context of climate change. The most commonly cited response of boreal forest species to global warming is a northward migration that tracks the climate and soil conditions (e.g., temperature and moisture) to which they are adapted. Yet, some constraints may influence this kind of adaptation, such as water availability, changes in fire regimes, decomposer adaptations, and the dynamic of peat accumulation. In this paper, as a study case, we examined an example of potential effects of climatic warming on future paludification changes in the eastern lowland region of Canada through three different combined hypothetical scenarios based on temperature and precipitation (e.g., unchanged, increase, or decrease). An increase scenario in precipitation will likely favor peat accumulation in boreal forest stands prone to paludification and facilitate forested peatland expansion into upland forest, while decreased or unchanged precipitation combined with an increase in temperature will probably favor succession of forested peatlands to upland boreal forests. Each of the three scenarios were discussed in this study, and consequent silvicultural treatment options were suggested for each scenario to cope with anticipated soil and species changes in the boreal forests. We concluded that, despite the fact boreal soils will not constrain adaptation of boreal forests, some consequences of climatic warming may reduce the ability of certain species to respond to natural disturbances such as pest and disease outbreaks, and extreme weather events. Numéro de notice : A2020-759 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.3390/f11111176 Date de publication en ligne : 07/11/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/f11111176 Format de la ressource électronique : url article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96472 [article]

Multi-century reconstruction suggests complex interactions of climate and human controls of forest fire activity in a Karelian boreal landscape, North-West Russia / N. Ryzhkova in Forest ecology and management, vol 459 (1 March 2020)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 459 (1 March 2020) . - n° 117770 Titre : Multi-century reconstruction suggests complex interactions of climate and human controls of forest fire activity in a Karelian boreal landscape, North-West Russia Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : N. Ryzhkova, Auteur ; G. Pinto, Auteur ; A. Kryshen, Auteur ; Yves Bergeron, Auteur ; Clémentine Ols , Auteur ; Igor Drobyshev, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Projets : PREREAL / Ali, Ahmed Adam Article en page(s) : n° 117770 Note générale : bibliographie The study was done within the framework of the PREREAL project, funded by EU JPI Climate program and Belmont Forum, PREFORM project funded by NEFCO, CLIMECO and Baltic Fires projects, both funded by the Swedish Institute (grants to I.D.). Fellowship to N.R. was funded by NSERC grant (RGPIN-2018-06637 to I.D.). Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] dendrochronologie [Termes IGN] dix-huitième siècle [Termes IGN] dix-neuvième siècle [Termes IGN] dix-septième siècle [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] incendie de forêt [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Vedettes matières IGN] Dendrométrie Résumé : (auteur) Spatially explicit reconstructions of fire activity in European boreal forest are rare, which limits our understanding of factors driving vegetation dynamics in this part of the boreal domain. We have developed a spatially explicit dendrochronological reconstruction of a fire regime in a 25 × 50 km2 area within boreal biome located within the Kalevalsky National Park (Kalevalsky NP), over the 1400–2010 CE period. We dated 184 fire years using 212 fire-scarred living and dead Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees collected on 38 sites. The studied period revealed a pronounced century-long variability in forest fire cycles (FC). The early period (1400–1620 CE) had low fire activity (FC = 178 years), which increased during the 1630–1920 period (FC = 46 years) and then decreased over the 1930–2000 period (FC = 283 years). Dendrochronological results did not provide a conclusive answer on the origins of FC dynamics, although several lines of evidence suggest that climate drove the increase in fire activity in the early 1600s, while human-related factors were largely responsible for its decline in the early 1900s. The current FC in the Kalevalsky NP is close to the estimates reported for the pre-industrial colonisation period in Scandinavia, which suggests that the forests of the area currently maintain their close-to-natural fire regime. Fire has been the pivotal factor of forest dynamics in this biome and forest management should acknowledge that fact in developing conservation strategies in Karelia and other areas of European boreal forest. Introduction of prescribed burns of varying severity could be an important element of such strategies. Numéro de notice : A2020-579 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2020- ) Autre URL associée : vers HAL Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117770 Date de publication en ligne : 10/01/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117770 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96690 [article]

Monitoring climate sensitivity shifts in tree-rings of Eastern Boreal North America using model-data comparison : Shifts in tree growth sensivity to climate / Clémentine Ols in Ecosystems, vol 21 n° 5 (August 2018)  

Public [article]  inEcosystems > vol 21 n° 5 (August 2018) . - pp 1042 - 1057 Titre : Monitoring climate sensitivity shifts in tree-rings of Eastern Boreal North America using model-data comparison : Shifts in tree growth sensivity to climate Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Clémentine Ols , Auteur ; Martin P. Girardin, Auteur ; Annika Hofgaard, Auteur ; Yves Bergeron, Auteur ; Igor Drobyshev, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Projets : 3-projet - voir note / Ali, Ahmed Adam Article en page(s) : pp 1042 - 1057 Note générale : bibliographie This study was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Strategic and Discovery Grants), the Nordic Forest Research Cooperation Committee (SNS), the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) and the Research Council of Norway (grant 160022/E50). This work was also supported by a fellowship from the Forest Complexity Modelling program(NSERC Strategic and Discovery Grants). Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Amérique du nord [Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] cerne [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] dendrochronologie [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] modèle de croissance végétale [Termes IGN] Picea mariana [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) The growth of high-latitude temperature-limited boreal forest ecosystems is projected to become more constrained by soil water availability with continued warming. The purpose of this study was to document ongoing shifts in tree growth sensitivity to the evolving local climate in unmanaged black spruce (Picea mariana (Miller) B.S.P.) forests of eastern boreal North America (49°N–52°N, 58°W–82°W) using a comparative study of field and modeled data. We investigated growth relationships to climate (gridded monthly data) from observed (50 site tree-ring width chronologies) and simulated growth data (stand-level forest growth model) over 1908–2013. No clear strengthening of moisture control over tree growth in recent decades was detected. Despite climate warming, photosynthesis (main driver of the forest growth model) and xylem production (main driver of radial growth) have remained temperature-limited. Analyses revealed, however, a weakening of the influence of growing season temperature on growth during the mid- to late twentieth century in the observed data, particularly in high-latitude (> 51.5°N) mountainous sites. This shift was absent from simulated data, which resulted in clear model-data desynchronization. Thorough investigations revealed that desynchronization was mostly linked to the quality of climate data, with precipitation data being of particular concern. The scarce network of weather stations over eastern boreal North America (> 51.5°N) affects the accuracy of estimated local climate variability and critically limits our ability to detect climate change effects on high-latitude ecosystems, especially at high altitudinal sites. Climate estimates from remote sensing could help address some of these issues in the future. Numéro de notice : A2018-665 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2012-2019) Autre URL associée : Lien vers HAL Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10021-017-0203-3 Date de publication en ligne : 27/11/2017 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0203-3 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94254 [article]

Post-1980 shifts in the sensitivity of boreal tree growth to North Atlantic Ocean dynamics and seasonal climate / Clémentine Ols in Global and Planetary Change, vol 165 (June 2018)  

Public [article]  inGlobal and Planetary Change > vol 165 (June 2018) . - pp 1 - 12 Titre : Post-1980 shifts in the sensitivity of boreal tree growth to North Atlantic Ocean dynamics and seasonal climate Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Clémentine Ols , Auteur ; Valérie Trouet, Auteur ; Martin P. Girardin, Auteur ; Annika Hofgaard, Auteur ; Yves Bergeron, Auteur ; Igor Drobyshev, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Projets : 3-projet - voir note / Ali, Ahmed Adam Article en page(s) : pp 1 - 12 Note générale : bibliographie This study was financed by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the project ‘Naturaldisturbances, forest resilience and forest management: the study case of the northern limit for timber allocation in Quebec in a climate change context’(STPGP 413444-11). Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité [Termes IGN] Atlantique Nord [Termes IGN] cerne [Termes IGN] circulation océanique [Termes IGN] climat froid [Termes IGN] croissance des arbres [Termes IGN] dendrochronologie [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier étranger (données) [Termes IGN] océanographie dynamique [Termes IGN] Picea abies [Termes IGN] Picea mariana [Termes IGN] puits de carbone [Termes IGN] Québec (Canada) [Termes IGN] Suède [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) The mid-20th century changes in North Atlantic Ocean dynamics, e.g. slow-down of the Atlantic meridional overturning thermohaline circulation (AMOC), have been considered as early signs of tipping points in the Earth climate system. We hypothesized that these changes have significantly altered boreal forest growth dynamics in northeastern North America (NA) and northern Europe (NE), two areas geographically adjacent to the North Atlantic Ocean. To test our hypothesis, we investigated tree growth responses to seasonal large-scale oceanic and atmospheric indices (the AMOC, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Arctic Oscillation (AO)) and climate (temperature and precipitation) from 1950 onwards, both at the regional and local levels. We developed a network of 6876 black spruce (NA) and 14437 Norway spruce (NE) tree-ring width series, extracted from forest inventory databases. Analyses revealed post-1980 shifts from insignificant to significant tree growth responses to summer oceanic and atmospheric dynamics both in NA (negative responses to NAO and AO indices) and NE (positive response to NAO and AMOC indices). The strength and sign of these responses varied, however, through space with stronger responses in western and central boreal Quebec and in central and northern boreal Sweden, and across scales with stronger responses at the regional level than at the local level. Emerging post-1980 associations with North Atlantic Ocean dynamics synchronized with stronger tree growth responses to local seasonal climate, particularly to winter temperatures. Our results suggest that ongoing and future anomalies in oceanic and atmospheric dynamics may impact forest growth and carbon sequestration to a greater extent than previously thought. Cross-scale differences in responses to North Atlantic Ocean dynamics highlight complex interplays in the effects of local climate and ocean-atmosphere dynamics on tree growth processes and advocate for the use of different spatial scales in climate-growth research to better understand factors controlling tree growth. Numéro de notice : A2018-662 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.03.006 Date de publication en ligne : 18/03/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.03.006 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93844 [article]

Strong gradients in forest sensitivity to climate change revealed by dynamics of forest fire cycles in the post Little Ice Age Era / Igor Drobyshev in Journal of geophysical research : Biogeosciences, vol 122 n° 10 (October 2017)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geophysical research : Biogeosciences > vol 122 n° 10 (October 2017) Titre : Strong gradients in forest sensitivity to climate change revealed by dynamics of forest fire cycles in the post Little Ice Age Era Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Igor Drobyshev, Auteur ; Yves Bergeron, Auteur ; Martin P. Girardin, Auteur ; Sylvie Gauthier, Auteur ; Clémentine Ols , Auteur ; John Ojal, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Projets : PREREAL / Ali, Ahmed Adam Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] Amérique du nord [Termes IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] circulation atmosphérique [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes IGN] incendie de forêt [Termes IGN] Moyen-Age [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) The length of the fire cycle is a critical factor affecting the vegetation cover in boreal and temperate regions. However, its responses to climate change remain poorly understood. We reanalyzed data from earlier studies of forest age structures at the landscape level, in order to map the evolution of regional fire cycles across Eastern North American boreal and temperate forests, following the termination of the Little Ice Age (LIA). We demonstrated a well‐defined spatial pattern of post‐LIA changes in the length of fire cycles toward lower fire activity during the 1800s and 1900s. The western section of Eastern North America (west of 77°W) experienced a decline in fire activity as early as the first half of the 1800s. By contrast, the eastern section showed these declines as late as the early 1900s. During a regionally fire‐prone period of the 1910s–1920s, forests in the western section of Eastern boreal North America burned more than forests in the eastern section. The climate appeared to dominate over vegetation composition and human impacts in shaping the geographical pattern of the post‐LIA change in fire activity. Changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns following the termination of the LIA, specifically changes in Arctic Oscillation and the strengthening of the Continental Polar Trough, were likely drivers of the regional fire dynamics. Numéro de notice : A2017-912 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2012-2019) Autre URL associée : vers HAL Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1002/2017JG003826 Date de publication en ligne : 20/10/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003826 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96696 [article]