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Document: Rapport

Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe : Technical report 2003 / Wim de Vries (2003)

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Titre :	Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe : Technical report 2003
Type de document :	Rapport
Auteurs :	Wim de Vries, Auteur ; G.J. Reinds, Auteur ; M. Posch, Auteur ; et al., Auteur ; Forest intensive monitoring coordinating institute, Auteur
Editeur :	Genève [Suisse] : United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNECE
Année de publication :	2003
Importance :	162 p.
Format :	21 x 30 cm
Note générale :	Bibliographie
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteur :	[Termes IGN] azote [Termes IGN] composition floristique [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] étalonnage des données [Termes IGN] Europe (géographie politique) [Termes IGN] forêt [Termes IGN] indice de diversité [Termes IGN] ozone [Termes IGN] placette d'échantillonnage [Termes IGN] puits de carbone [Termes IGN] surveillance forestière [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestière
Résumé :	(Auteur) Apart from an overview of the implementation of the Pan-European Intensive Monitoring Programme of Forest Ecosystems up to 2000, this year’s report focuses on (i) ozone concentration data and ozone injury symptoms assessed in a test phase, (ii) ground vegetation species composition in view of environmental factors, (iii) carbon pool changes in trees and soil in relation to nitrogen deposition and (iv) long-term impacts of atmospheric deposition on soil and soil solution chemistry by means of dynamic modelling. Major conclusions are: Ozone measurements and ozone injury impacts - Measurements of ozone concentration derived by passive sampling, used at the Intensive Monitoring plots, compare very well to those derived by active monitoring. - Validated ozone injury symptoms could be presented due to the further development of a sensitive species list, photo gallery, flow chart for injury discrimination and microscopic tools. Ground vegetation species composition in view of environmental factors - The various methods used in the first assessment, affect the possibility of integrated analyses, but most aspects have been taken up by the Expert Panel on ground vegetation. - Mean Ellenberg indicator values reflect fairly well plot environmental conditions, thus being interesting indicators of long-term changes. - The species composition at the European scale is mainly driven by climate, soils and forest types, but atmospheric (N and S) deposition has a significant impact on the variation. Carbon pools and carbon pool changes in tree stem wood and soil - On average, the estimated carbon pools in tree stem wood are approximately twice as low as in soil, but carbon pool changes in tree stem wood are generally 5-10 times as high as in soil. - Net increases in the carbon pool by forests in Europe (both trees and soil) are in the range of 0.1-0.15 Gton.yr-1, being about 50% of the estimated terrestrial carbon sink in Europe. - The contribution of N deposition to the increase in carbon in standing biomass is approximately 10-20 Mton.yr-1, being 3.5 to 7% of the annual estimated forest growth. Long-term impacts of atmospheric deposition on soil and soil solution chemistry - Application of a dynamic soil acidification model lead generally to a reasonable to good agreement between measured and simulated data for most of the Intensive Monitoring plots. Sometimes the intra-annual variation in especially nitrate and aluminium concentrations could not be reproduced. - Evaluations of emission reduction scenarios during 1970-2030 show that strong reductions in dissolved sulphate concentrations have already taken place between 1980 and 2000, due to the high reductions in sulphur emissions in that period. - Implementation of the Gothenburg protocol is predicted to lead to a significant reduction in nitrate and aluminium concentration by the year 2010, but concentrations of aluminium and their ratio to base cations do remain above critical values at several plots throughout the whole simulation period. - Changes in the soil chemistry, such as the base saturation and soil C-N ratio, are much slower than in the soil solution chemistry and for a number of plots where acid inputs remains relatively high, base saturation will still decrease in the future.
Note de contenu :	1. Introduction 1.1 Background and current status of the Intensive Monitoring Programme 1.2 Aim of the report 1.3 Contents of the report 2. The Intensive Monitoring Programme 2.1 Selected plots in the various surveys 2.2 Submitted data and information until 2000 3. Ozone exposure and ozone injury symptoms at intensive monitoring plots: results from the test phase 2001 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Assessment of ambient ozone concentration by Passive Sampling 3.2.1 Materials and methods 3.2.2 Preliminary results 3.3 Assessment of visible ozone injury 3.3.1 Material and Methods 3.3.2 Preliminary Results 3.4 Possibilities for combining information on ozone exposure and ozone injury 3.5 Conclusions and recommendations 4. Ground vegetation species composition 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Sites and methods 4.2.1 Plot description and environmental parameters 4.2.2 Survey methods 4.2.3 Subplot identification 4.2.4 Species diversity indices 4.2.5 Ellenberg indicator values 4.2.6 Relationships with environmental parameters 4.3 Results and discussion 4.3.1 Methodological bias 4.3.2 Correlation between environmental variables 4.3.3 Diversity indices and Ellenberg indicators 4.3.4 Impact of environmental factors on species composition 4.4 Conclusions 5. Carbon pools and carbon pool changes at intensive monitoring plots 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Methods 5.2.1 Locations 5.2.2 Data assessment methods 5.2.3 Data evaluation methods 5.3 Results 5.3.1 Carbon pools in soils and trees in the beginning of the monitoring period 5.3.2 Carbon pool changes in trees 5.4 Discussion and conclusions 6. Impacts of nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration by forests in Europe 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methods 6.2.1 Methods and results related to the assessment of the terrestrial carbon sink 6.2.2 Calculation of carbon sequestration in soils at Intensive Monitoring plots 6.2.3 Extrapolation of carbon sequestration to the European forested area 6.2.4 Assessing nitrogen deposition effects on carbon sequestration by European forests 6.3 Results 6.3.1 Carbon pool changes in trees and soils at Intensive Monitoring plots 6.3.2 Carbon sequestration in soils and trees on the European scale 6.3.3 The impact of nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in European forests 6.4 Discussion and conclusions 7. Modelling the long-term impact of deposition scenario’s for nitrogen and acidity at intensively monitored forest plots 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Methods 7.2.1 Locations 7.2.2 Modelling approach 7.2.3 Model parameterisation and model calibration 7.2.4 Deposition scenarios used in model predictions 7.3 Results 7.3.1 Model calibration 7.3.2 Model application for the period 1970-2030 7.4 Discussion and conclusions
Numéro de notice :	22448
Affiliation des auteurs :	non IGN
Thématique :	FORET
Nature :	Rapport
Permalink :	https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79940

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