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Geographic intention and modification in Web search / R. Jones in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008) . - pp 229 - 246 Titre : Geographic intention and modification in Web search Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : R. Jones, Auteur ; W. Zhang, Auteur ; B. Rey, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 229 - 246 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] données localisées [Termes IGN] Etats-Unis [Termes IGN] géomatique web [Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique [Termes IGN] requête spatiale [Termes IGN] toile d'araignée mondiale Résumé : (Auteur) Web searchers signal their geographic intent by using place-names in search queries. They also indicate their flexibility about geographic specificity by reformulating their queries. By examining this data we can learn to understand web searcher flexibility with respect to geographic intent. We examine aggregated data of queries with locations, and locations identified from IP addresses, to identify overall distance preferences, as well as distance preferences by search topic. We also examine query rewriting: both deliberate query rewriting, conducted in web search sessions, and automated query rewriting, with manual relevance judgments of geo-modified queries. We find geo-specification in 12.7% of user query rewrites in search sessions, and show the breakdown into sub-classes such as same-city, same-state, same-country and different-country. We also measure the dependence between US-state-name and distance-of-modified-location-from-original-location, finding that Vermont web searchers modify their locations greater distances than California web searchers. We find that automatically-modified queries are perceived as much more relevant when the geographic component is unchanged. We look at the relationship between the non-location part of a query and the distance from the user. We see that people search for child day-care near their locations and maps far from where they are located. We also give distance profiles for the top topics which cooccur with place-names in queries, which could be used to set document priors based on document proximity and query topic. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2008-137 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701626186 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626186 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29132 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

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079-08022	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

An empirical study of the effects of NLP components on Geographic IR performance / N. Stokes in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008) . - pp 247 - 264 Titre : An empirical study of the effects of NLP components on Geographic IR performance Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : N. Stokes, Auteur ; Y. Li, Auteur ; A. Moffat, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 247 - 264 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] accès aux données localisées [Termes IGN] géomatique web [Termes IGN] langage naturel (informatique) [Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique [Termes IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté [Termes IGN] toponyme Résumé : (Auteur) Natural language processing (NLP) techniques, such as toponym detection and resolution, are an integral part of most geographic information retrieval (GIR) architectures. Without these components, synonym detection, ambiguity resolution and accurate toponym expansion would not be possible. However, there are many important factors affecting the success of an NLP approach to GIR, including toponym detection errors, toponym resolution errors and query overloading. The aim of this paper is to determine how severe these errors are in state-of-the-art systems, and to what extent they affect GIR performance. We show that a careful choice of weighting schemes in the IR engine can minimize the negative impact of these errors on GIR accuracy. We provide empirical evidence from the GeoCLEF 2005 and 2006 datasets to support our observations. Numéro de notice : A2008-138 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701626210 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626210 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29133 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

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079-08022	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Using co-occurrence models for placename disambiguation / S. Overell in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008) . - pp 265 - 287 Titre : Using co-occurrence models for placename disambiguation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Overell, Auteur ; S. Ruger, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 265 - 287 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] accès aux données localisées [Termes IGN] matrice de co-occurrence [Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique [Termes IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté [Termes IGN] toponyme Résumé : (Auteur) This paper describes the generation of a model capturing information on how placenames co-occur together. The advantages of the co-occurrence model over traditional gazetteers are discussed and the problem of placename disambiguation is presented as a case study. We begin by outlining the problem of ambiguous placenames. We demonstrate how analysis of Wikipedia can be used in the generation of a co-occurrence model. The accuracy of our model is compared to a handcrafted ground truth; then we evaluate alternative methods of applying this model to the disambiguation of placenames in free text (using the GeoCLEF evaluation forum). We conclude by showing how the inclusion of placenames in both the text and geographic parts of a query provides the maximum mean average precision and outline the benefits of a co-occurrence model as a data source for the wider field of geographic information retrieval (GIR). Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2008-139 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701626236 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626236 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29134 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-08021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-08022	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

On metonymy recognition for geographic information retrieval / J. Leveling in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008) . - pp 289 - 299 Titre : On metonymy recognition for geographic information retrieval Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : J. Leveling, Auteur ; S. Hartrumpf, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 289 - 299 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] géomatique web [Termes IGN] langage naturel (informatique) [Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique [Termes IGN] toponyme Résumé : (Auteur) Metonymically used location names (toponyms) refer to other, related entities and thus possess a meaning different from their literal, geographic sense. Metonymic uses are to be treated differently to improve the performance of geographic information retrieval (GIR). Statistics on toponym senses show that 75.06% of all location names are used in their literal sense, 17.05% are used metonymically, and 7.89% have a mixed sense. This article presents a method for disambiguating location names in texts between literal and metonymic senses, based on shallow features. The evaluation of this method is two-fold. First, we use a memory-based learner (TiMBL) to train a classifier and determine standard evaluation measures such as F-score and accuracy. The classifier achieved an F-score of 0.842 and an accuracy of 0.846 for identifying toponym senses in a subset of the CoNLL (Conference on Natural Language Learning) data. Second, we perform retrieval experiments based on the GeoCLEF data (newspaper article corpus and queries) from 2005 and 2006. We compare searching location names in a database index containing both their literal and metonymic senses with searching in an index containing their literal senses only. Evaluation results indicate that removing metonymic senses from the index yields a higher mean average precision (MAP) for GIR. In total, we observed a significant gain in MAP: an increase from 0.0704 to 0.0715 MAP for the GeoCLEF 2005 data, and an increase from 0.1944 to 0.2100 MAP for the GeoCLEF 2006 data. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2008-140 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701626244 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626244 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29135 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-08021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-08022	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

A conceptual density-based approach for the disambiguation of toponyms / D. Buscaldi in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008) . - pp 301 - 313 Titre : A conceptual density-based approach for the disambiguation of toponyms Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : D. Buscaldi, Auteur ; P. Rosso, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 301 - 313 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] géomatique web [Termes IGN] indexation spatiale [Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique [Termes IGN] résolution d'ambiguïté [Termes IGN] toponyme Résumé : (Auteur) Nowadays, a huge quantity of information is stored in digital format. A great portion of this information is constituted by textual and unstructured documents, where geographical references are usually given by means of place names. A common problem with textual information retrieval is represented by polysemous words, that is, words can have more than one sense. This problem is present also in the geographical domain: place names may refer to different locations in the world. In this paper we investigate the use of our word sense disambiguation technique in the geographical domain, with the aim of resolving ambiguous place names. Our technique is based on WordNet conceptual density. Due to the lack of a reference corpus tagged with WordNet senses, we carried out the experiments over a set of 1,210 place names extracted from the SemCor corpus that we named GeoSemCor and made publicly available. We compared our method with the most-frequent baseline and the enhanced-Lesk method, which previously has not been tested in large contexts. The results show that a better precision can be achieved by using a small context (phrase level), whereas a greater coverage can be obtained by using large contexts (document level). The proposed method should be tested with other corpora, due to the fact that our experiments evidenced the excessive bias towards the most-frequent sense of the GeoSemCor. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2008-141 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701626251 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626251 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29136 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

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079-08021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-08022	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

Location approximation for local search services using natural language hints / S. Schockaert in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008) . - pp 315 - 336 Titre : Location approximation for local search services using natural language hints Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Schockaert, Auteur ; M. De Cock, Auteur ; E. Kerre, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 315 - 336 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] approximation [Termes IGN] géomatique web [Termes IGN] langage naturel (informatique) [Termes IGN] point d'intérêt [Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique [Termes IGN] service fondé sur la position [Termes IGN] sous ensemble flou [Termes IGN] voisinage (relation topologique) Résumé : (Auteur) Local search services allow a user to search for businesses that satisfy a given geographical constraint. In contrast to traditional web search engines, current local search services rely heavily on static, structured data. Although this yields very accurate systems, it also implies a limited coverage, and limited support for using landmarks and neighborhood names in queries. To overcome these limitations, we propose to augment the structured information available to a local search service, based on the vast amount of unstructured and semi-structured data available on the web. This requires a computational framework to represent vague natural language information about the nearness of places, as well as the spatial extent of vague neighborhoods. In this paper, we propose such a framework based on fuzzy set theory, and show how natural language information can be translated into this framework. We provide experimental results that show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, and demonstrate that local search based on natural language hints about the location of places with an unknown address, is feasible. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2008-142 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701626277 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626277 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29137 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-08021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-08022	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible

A comparison of geometric approaches to assessing spatial similarity for GIR / P. Frontiera in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 22 n° 3 (march 2008) . - pp 337 - 360 Titre : A comparison of geometric approaches to assessing spatial similarity for GIR Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : P. Frontiera, Auteur ; R. Larson, Auteur ; J. Radke, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp 337 - 360 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données [Termes IGN] approximation [Termes IGN] indexation spatiale [Termes IGN] pertinence [Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique [Termes IGN] requête spatiale [Termes IGN] similitude Résumé : (Auteur) This research compares the geographic information retrieval (GIR) performance of a set of logistic regression models with those of five non-probabilistic methods that compute a spatial similarity score for a query-document pair. All methods are applied to a test collection of queries and documents indexed spatially by two convex conservative geometric approximations: the minimum bounding box (MBB) and the convex hull. In the comparison, the tested logistic regression models outperform, in terms of standard information retrieval recall and precision measures, all of the non-probabilistic methods. The retrieval performance achieved by the logistic regression models on MBB approximations is similar to that achieved by the use of the non-probabilistic methods on convex hulls. Although these results are valid only for the test collection used in this study, they suggest that a logistic regression approach to GIR provides an alternative to the use of higher-quality geometric representations that are more difficult to obtain, implement, and process. Additionally, this research demonstrates the ability of a probabilistic approach to effectively incorporate information about geographic context in the spatial ranking process. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2008-143 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810701626293 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626293 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=29138 [article]

Exemplaires(2)

Code-barres	Cote	Support	Localisation	Section	Disponibilité
079-08021	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible
079-08022	RAB	Revue	Centre de documentation	En réserve L003	Disponible