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Efficient transmission of vector data over the Internet / B. Yang in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 21 n° 1-2 (january 2007)
[article]
Titre : Efficient transmission of vector data over the Internet Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : B. Yang, Auteur ; Ross S. Purves, Auteur ; Robert Weibel, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 215 - 237 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Produits informatiques
[Termes IGN] architecture client-serveur
[Termes IGN] cohérence des données
[Termes IGN] diffusion de données
[Termes IGN] données vectorielles
[Termes IGN] logiciel de réseau
[Termes IGN] protocole IP
[Termes IGN] protocole TCP
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Termes IGN] relation topologique
[Termes IGN] serveur de données localiséesRésumé : (Auteur) This paper proposes and implements a new methodology for progressive transmission of vector lines and polygons over the Internet. The methodology generates continuous vector data through constrained remove operations of vertices on the server side, maintains consistent topology via a set of constraint rules, and restores original vector data through a reconstruction operator on the client side. The prototype system was implemented to investigate the performance of the methodology in terms of the preservation of consistent topology, transmission time, and qualities of the resulting visualizations. The method is shown to be scalable to large data sets, to produce graphically acceptable results and to maintain topology. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-033 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600894281 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600894281 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28399
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 1-2 (january 2007) . - pp 215 - 237[article]Réservation
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Titre : Enabling pattern-aware automated map generalization Type de document : Thèse/HDR Auteurs : Stefan Steiniger, Auteur ; Robert Weibel, Directeur de thèse ; Dirk Burghardt, Directeur de thèse Editeur : Zurich : Université de Zurich Année de publication : 2007 Importance : 180 p. Format : 21 x 30 cm Note générale : Bibliographie
Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. Sc. Nat.) vorgelegt der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität ZürichLangues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] attribut géomètrique
[Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée
[Termes IGN] généralisation du bâti
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] procédure (document)
[Termes IGN] système multi-agents
[Vedettes matières IGN] GénéralisationRésumé : (Auteur) In manual map generalization the cartographer's work is guided by a few principles such as selection of the essential content to meet the map's purpose, and preservation or accentuation of typical and unusual map elements. For instance in a topographic map for an urban area, urban building structures are considered to be typical elements. An example for an unusual element may be a group of ponds with regular spatial distribution and similar size that belong to a fish farm. The recognition and maintenance of such typical and unusual patterns is accomplished by a trained cartographer in an holistic manner. To automate this complex process it is necessary to transfer and decompose the cartographic knowledge and operations into a computer understandable form. The objective of this thesis is to develop and test an approach that enables the maintenance of object relations and patterns during the automated map generalization process. In response to the drawbacks of existing approaches of maintaining map object relations and patterns, we present several requirements for improved approaches. One of these requirements is that structural knowledge (i.e. knowledge about existing patterns) should be explicitly modeled and attached to the map data, and not hidden in the generalization algorithms. A so-called data enrichment strategy such as this should allow a flexible and pattern-aware control of the generalization process. As a consequence of the flexible control approach we establish the hypothesis that the quality of the generalization result and the efficiency of the generalization process can be improved when the data enrichment strategy is employed. The conceptual framework that we propose consists of five steps: The first step considers the identification of patterns and map object relations. In the second step the patterns are formalized using the relations. Subsequently the relations and patterns are extracted (step 3) and stored (step 4). Finally in step 5 the stored relations are utilized to enable pattern-aware decision making for generalization process control. Associated with these steps are the five research questions of this thesis: 1.) What types of relations exist in maps that can be used to describe patterns? 2.) How can we formalize these relations? 3.) How can we detect these relations? 4.) How can these relations be stored and the data be enriched? 5.) How can we exploit the enriched data for pattern preservation and process optimization? These research questions demand comprehensive answers that can not be elaborated thoroughly within the time frame of a PhD project. Hence, while the first research question is answered comprehensively in this thesis, we have chosen to answer the remaining questions with respect to two case studies that serve as a proof of concept of the 5-step framework. The first case study concentrates on the extraction and exploitation of urban structures such as inner city areas, urban areas, suburban areas, etc. In the second case study we aim to identify groups of islands. The contributions of this thesis to map generalization research are essentially associated with the research questions. In response to the first research question we established a comprehensive typology of so-called horizontal relations (and patterns) that we derive from an analysis of topographic maps, thematic maps, and the cartographic literature. With respect to the second question we show for both case studies how identification and formalization of patterns by use of horizontal relations can be accomplished. For the formalization of the island groups, which have been identified in a 'pencil and paper' experiment, we could utilize the Gestalt principles established by Max Wertheimer. To detect the urban structures (the third research question) we developed a supervised classification approach. For the recognition of large island groups formed by the perceptual principle of proximity, we developed an approach that utilizes a minimum spanning tree. The storage of relations, addressed by the fourth research question, has not been discussed in detail, but we use a graph structure and attribute values in the case studies. Finally we discussed for the islands example how relations can be exploited (the fifth research question). In order to evaluate the hypothesis, practical experiments have been conducted with expert generalization rules that account for the urban structure classification of buildings. We obtained an improvement in quality of the generalization result but could not clearly identify a gain in generalization efficiency. However, by accomplishing all five steps of the framework, we show its applicability and utility for the preservation of spatial patterns and relations during the map generalization process. Based on the results and open problems that we discovered in our research, we identify three areas of future map generalization research: 1.) the further formalization and detection of relations and patterns, 2.) the revision and development of constraints to control the preservation of patterns, and 3) research on human computer interaction methods and tools to define and confirm patterns, and control the entire map generalization process more flexibly. Note de contenu : Synthesis
1 Introduction
1.1 The Motivation for Pattern-Aware Map Generalization
1.1.1 Two Examples of Pattern-Aware Manual Map Generalization
1.1.2 Problem Definition
1.1.3 Patterns and Pattern-Aware Map Generalization
1.2 Objective, Methodology and Research Questions
1.3 Structure of the Thesis
2 Theoretical Background on Automated Map Generalization
2.1 Decomposing Manual Map Generalization for Automation
2.1.1 Cartographic Principles
2.1.2 Cartographic Knowledge Acquisition to Achieve a Decomposition
2.1.3 Cartographic Requirements
2.1.4 Cartographic Operations
2.1.5 Conceptual Map Generalization Models
- Process Oriented Models
- Hierarchical Modeling
2.2 Approaches to Automated Map Generalization
2.2.1 Interactive Systems and Rule-Based Systems
2.2.2 From Rules to Constraints
2.2.3 Constraint-based Automated Map Generalization using Workflow Systems, Multi Agent Systems and Optimization
3 State of the Art in Spatial Pattern Analysis and Emerging Research Challenges
3.1 Spatial Pattern Analysis in Related Disciplines
3.2 Spatial Pattern Analysis and Data Enrichment in Map Generalization
3.2.1 Topographic Maps
- Analysis of Building Configurations
- Analysis of Polygon Configurations
- Analysis of Networks
- Analysis of Lines
3.2.2 Thematic Maps
3.3 Research Challenges Addressed in this Thesis
4 Summary of Papers
4.1 Research Paper 1: Exploring Object Relations in Maps
4.1.1 Objectives
4.1.2 Methods and Results
4.1.3 Contributions
4.2 Research Paper 2: Identifying Urban Structures
4.2.1 Objectives
4.2.2 Methods and Results
4.2.3 Contributions
4.3 Research Paper 3: Use of Detected Urban Structures to Control Map Generalization
4.3.1 Objectives
4.3.2 Methods and Results
4.3.3 Contributions
4.4 Research Paper 4: Detecting Large Island Groups within an Archipelago
4.4.1 Objectives
4.4.2 Methods and Results
4.4.3 Contributions
5 Discussion
5.1 Revisiting the Research Questions
5.1.1 What types of relations exist in maps that can be used to describe patterns?
5.1.2 How can we formalize relations and patterns?
5.1.3 How can we detect relations and patterns?
5.1.4 How can relations be stored and the data be enriched?
5.1.5 How can we exploit the enriched data for pattern preservation and process optimization?
5.2 Evaluating the Hypothesis
6 Conclusions and Perspectives
6.1 Main Contributions
6.2 Summarized Research Needs and Outlook
ReferencesNuméro de notice : 13567 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Thèse étrangère Note de thèse : Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. Sc. Nat.) vorgelegt der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich : 2007 Organisme de stage : COGIT (IGN) & Ordnance Survey Great Britain nature-HAL : Thèse DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=45204 Documents numériques
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13567_these2007_steiniger.pdfAdobe Acrobat PDF Generalization services on the web: classification and an initial prototype implementation / Dirk Burghardt in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 32 n° 4 (October 2005)
[article]
Titre : Generalization services on the web: classification and an initial prototype implementation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dirk Burghardt, Auteur ; Moritz Neun, Auteur ; Robert Weibel, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 257 - 268 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] cartographie par internet
[Termes IGN] généralisation à la volée
[Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée
[Termes IGN] implémentation (informatique)
[Termes IGN] Jump
[Termes IGN] service web géographique
[Termes IGN] Web Map Service
[Vedettes matières IGN] GénéralisationRésumé : (Auteur) Much progress has been made in the field of web-based cartography through standards developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). While automated access and presentation of cartographic data have been defined, the services for automated generalization are yet to be standardized. This paper aims to show advantages of applying the service concept to generalization and suggests several classification schemas of generalization services at different levels of granularity. A detailed explanation of a real implemented Generalization Service is provided. We show how software developers can make their generalization functionality available as a service and how these services can be accessed dynamically. For the implementation, the open source java Unified Mapping Platform (JUMP) was extended to work as a framework for generalization. Generalization services could be used in different application scenarios, for instance as a middleware component extending a web map service with adaptive zooming or as stand-alone services supporting the production of topographic maps by national mapping agencies. They may also allow the development of a common research platform, where researchers would have access to a common generalization framework. Numéro de notice : A2005-531 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1559/152304005775194665 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1559/152304005775194665 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27667
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 032-05041 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Building displacement over a ductile truss / M. Bader in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005)
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Titre : Building displacement over a ductile truss Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Bader, Auteur ; Mathieu Barrault , Auteur ; Robert Weibel, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 915 - 936 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] algorithme STA
[Termes IGN] contrainte d'intégrité
[Termes IGN] déplacement d'objet géographique
[Termes IGN] généralisation cartographique automatisée
[Termes IGN] graphe
[Termes IGN] intégrité des données
[Termes IGN] itération
[Termes IGN] objet cartographique
[Termes IGN] optimisation (mathématiques)
[Vedettes matières IGN] GénéralisationRésumé : (Auteur) Displacement, an operation of cartographic generalization, resolves congestion and overlap of map features that is caused by enlargement of map symbols to ensure readability at reduced scales. Algorithms for displacement must honour spatial context, avoid creating secondary spatial conflicts, and retain spatial patterns and relations such as alignments and relative distances that characterize the original map features. We present an algorithm for displacement of buildings based on optimization. While existing approaches directly displace the individual buildings, our algorithm first forms a truss of elastic beams to capture important spatial patterns and preserve them during displacement. The algorithm proceeds in two phases. The first phase analyses spatial relationships to construct a truss as a weighted graph. The truss is initially based on the minimum spanning tree connecting the building centroids, with beam stiffness determined by spatial relationships. The second phase iteratively deforms the truss to minimize energy until a user-defined distance is achieved. At each iteration, it computes forces on the truss, calculates truss deformations, and adjusts all build positions simultaneously. A prototype has been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. The results are cartographically pleasing ; in particular, spatial relationships between buildings are preserved. Numéro de notice : A2005-407 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810500161237 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810500161237 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27543
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 19 n° 8 - 9 (september 2005) . - pp 915 - 936[article]Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 079-05081 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible 079-05082 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Discovering relative motion patterns in groups of moving point objects / P. Laube in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 19 n° 6 (july 2005)
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Titre : Discovering relative motion patterns in groups of moving point objects Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : P. Laube, Auteur ; S. Imfeld, Auteur ; Robert Weibel, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : pp 639 - 668 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Information géographique
[Termes IGN] connaissance thématique
[Termes IGN] découverte de connaissances
[Termes IGN] exploration de données
[Termes IGN] langage de modélisation
[Termes IGN] objet mobile
[Termes IGN] positionnement cinématique
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Technological advances in position-aware devices are leading to a wealth of data documenting motion. The integration of spatio-temporal data-mining techniques in GIScience is an important research field to overcome the limitations of static Geographic Information Systems with respect to the emerging volumes of data describing dynamics. This paper presents a generic geographic knowledge discovery approach for exploring the motion of moving point objects, the prime modelling construct to represent GPS tracked animals, people, or vehicles. The approach is based on the concept of geospatial lifelines and presents a formalism for describing different types of lifeline patterns that are generalizable for many application domains. Such lifeline patterns allow the identification and quantification of remarkable individual motion behaviour, events of distinct group motion behaviour, so as to relate the motion of individuals to groups. An application prototype featuring novel data-mining algorithms has been implemented and tested with two case studies: tracked soccer players and data points representing political entities moving in an abstract ideological space. In both case studies, a set of non-trivial and meaningful motion patterns could be identified, for instance highlighting the characteristic 'offside trap' behaviour in the first case and identifying trendsetting districts anticipating a political transformation in the latter case. Numéro de notice : A2005-287 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810500105572 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810500105572 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=27423
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 079-05061 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible 079-05062 RAB Revue Centre de documentation En réserve L003 Disponible Using an energy minimization technique for polygon generalization / M. Galanda in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 30 n° 3 (July 2003)PermalinkSpatial information retrieval and geographical ontologies an overview of the SPIRIT project / Christopher B. Jones (2002)PermalinkIntegrating multi-agent, object-oriented, and algorithmic techniques for improved automated map generalization / Mathieu Barrault (2001)PermalinkSemantic infrastructure and methods to support quality evaluation in cartographic generalization / Francisco Brazile (2000)PermalinkThe application of agents in automated map generalization / Sylvie Lamy in Bulletin du comité français de cartographie, n° 162 (décembre 1999 - février 2000)PermalinkPermalinkDetecting and resolving size and proximity conflicts in the generalization of polygonal maps / M. Bader (23/06/1997)PermalinkMap generalization in the context of digital systems / Robert Weibel in Cartography and geographic information systems, vol 22 n° 4 (December 1995)PermalinkPermalinkGIS and generalization : methodology and practice, ch. 2. Generalization: state of the art and issues / Jean-Claude Müller (1995)Permalink