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Assessing the effects of thinning on stem growth allocation of individual Scots pine trees / Ninni Saarinen in Forest ecology and management, vol 474 ([15/10/2020])  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 474 [15/10/2020] . - 14 p. Titre : Assessing the effects of thinning on stem growth allocation of individual Scots pine trees Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ninni Saarinen, Auteur ; Ville Kankare, Auteur ; Tuomas Yrttimaa, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes IGN] croissance des arbres [Termes IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] éclaircie (sylviculture) [Termes IGN] Finlande [Termes IGN] gestion forestière [Termes IGN] image captée par drone [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris [Termes IGN] reconstruction 3D [Termes IGN] semis de points [Termes IGN] tronc Résumé : (auteur) Forest management alters the growing conditions and thus further development of trees. However, quantitative assessment of forest management on tree growth has been demanding as methodologies for capturing changes comprehensively in space and time have been lacking. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has shown to be capable of providing three-dimensional (3D) tree stem reconstructions required for revealing differences between stem shapes and sizes. In this study, we used 3D reconstructions of tree stems from TLS and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to investigate how varying thinning treatments and the following growth effects affected stem shape and size of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. The results showed that intensive thinning resulted in more stem volume and therefore total biomass allocation and carbon uptake compared to the moderate thinning. Relationship between tree height and diameter at breast height (i.e. slenderness) varied between both thinning intensity and type (i.e. from below and above) indicating differing response to thinning and allocation of stem growth of Scots pine trees. Furthermore, intensive thinning, especially from below, produced less variation in relative stem attributes characterizing stem shape and size. Thus, it can be concluded that thinning intensity, type, and the following growth effects have an impact on post-thinning stem shape and size of Scots pine trees. Our study presented detailed measurements on post-thinning stem growth of Scots pines that have been laborious or impracticable before the emergence of detailed 3D technologies. Moreover, the stem reconstructions from TLS and UAV provided variety of attributes characterizing stem shape and size that have not traditionally been feasible to obtain. The study demonstrated that detailed 3D technologies, such as TLS and UAV, provide information that can be used to generate new knowledge for supporting forest management and silviculture as well as improving ecological understanding of boreal forests. Numéro de notice : A2020-623 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118344 date de publication en ligne : 29/06/2020 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118344 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96020 [article]

Feasibility of Terrestrial laser scanning for collecting stem volume information from single trees / Ninni Saarinen in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 123 (January 2017)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 123 (January 2017) . - pp 140 - 158 Titre : Feasibility of Terrestrial laser scanning for collecting stem volume information from single trees Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ninni Saarinen, Auteur ; Ville Kankare, Auteur ; Mikko Vastaranta, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 140 - 158 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes IGN] allométrie [Termes IGN] biomasse forestière [Termes IGN] forêt boréale [Termes IGN] modélisation [Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestre [Termes IGN] tronc [Termes IGN] volume en bois Résumé : (Auteur) Interest in measuring forest biomass and carbon stock has increased as a result of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and sustainable planning of forest resources is therefore essential. Biomass and carbon stock estimates are based on the large area estimates of growing stock volume provided by national forest inventories (NFIs). The estimates for growing stock volume based on the NFIs depend on stem volume estimates of individual trees. Data collection for formulating stem volume and biomass models is challenging, because the amount of data required is considerable, and the fact that the detailed destructive measurements required to provide these data are laborious. Due to natural diversity, sample size for developing allometric models should be rather large. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has proved to be an efficient tool for collecting information on tree stems. Therefore, we investigated how TLS data for deriving stem volume information from single trees should be collected. The broader context of the study was to determine the feasibility of replacing destructive and laborious field measurements, which have been needed for development of empirical stem volume models, with TLS. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the TLS data captured at various distance (i.e. corresponding 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of tree height) on the accuracy of the stem volume derived. In addition, we examined how multiple TLS point cloud data acquired at various distances improved the results. Analysis was carried out with two ways when multiple point clouds were used: individual tree attributes were derived from separate point clouds and the volume was estimated based on these separate values (multiple-scan A), and point clouds were georeferenced as a combined point cloud from which the stem volume was estimated (multiple-scan B). This permitted us to deal with the practical aspects of TLS data collection and data processing for development of stem volume equations in boreal forests. The results indicated that a scanning distance of approximately 25% of tree height would be optimal for stem volume estimation with TLS if a single scan was utilized in boreal forest conditions studied here and scanning resolution employed. Larger distances increased the uncertainty, especially when the scanning distance was greater than approximately 50% of tree height, because the number of successfully measured diameters from the TLS point cloud was not sufficient for estimating the stem volume. When two TLS point clouds were utilized, the accuracy of stem volume estimates was improved: RMSE decreased from 12.4% to 6.8%. When two point clouds were processed separately (i.e. tree attributes were derived from separate point clouds and then combined) more accurate results were obtained; smaller RMSE and relative error were achieved compared to processing point clouds together (i.e. tree attributes were derived from a combined point cloud). TLS data collection and processing for the optimal setup in this study required only one sixth of time that was necessary to obtain the field reference. These results helped to further our knowledge on TLS in estimating stem volume in boreal forests studied here and brought us one step closer in providing best practices how a phase-shift TLS can be utilized in collecting data when developing stem volume models. Numéro de notice : A2017-011 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.11.012 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.11.012 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83912 [article]

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Terrestrial laser scanning in forest inventories / Xinlian Liang in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 115 (May 2016)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 115 (May 2016) . - pp 63 – 77 Titre : Terrestrial laser scanning in forest inventories Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Xinlian Liang, Auteur ; Ville Kankare, Auteur ; Juha Hyyppä, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 63 – 77 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] forêt [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes) [Termes IGN] semis de points [Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestre Résumé : (auteur) Decision making on forest resources relies on the precise information that is collected using inventory. There are many different kinds of forest inventory techniques that can be applied depending on the goal, scale, resources and the required accuracy. Most of the forest inventories are based on field sample. Therefore, the accuracy of the forest inventories depends on the quality and quantity of the field sample. Conventionally, field sample has been measured using simple tools. When map is required, remote sensing materials are needed. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides a measurement technique that can acquire millimeter-level of detail from the surrounding area, which allows rapid, automatic and periodical estimates of many important forest inventory attributes. It is expected that TLS will be operationally used in forest inventories as soon as the appropriate software becomes available, best practices become known and general knowledge of these findings becomes more wide spread. Meanwhile, mobile laser scanning, personal laser scanning, and image-based point clouds became capable of capturing similar terrestrial point cloud data as TLS. This paper reviews the advances of applying TLS in forest inventories, discusses its properties with reference to other related techniques and discusses the future prospects of this technique. Numéro de notice : A2016-545 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.006 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.006 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81691 [article]

Accuracy in estimation of timber assortments and stem distribution: A comparison of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning techniques / Ville Kankare in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 97 (November 2014)

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 97 (November 2014) . - pp 89 – 97 Titre : Accuracy in estimation of timber assortments and stem distribution: A comparison of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning techniques Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ville Kankare, Auteur ; Jari Vauhkonen, Auteur ; Topi Tanhuanpää, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 89 – 97 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes IGN] analyse comparative [Termes IGN] bois sur pied [Termes IGN] exploitation agricole [Termes IGN] exploitation industrielle [Termes IGN] Finlande [Termes IGN] sylviculture [Termes IGN] télémétrie laser aéroporté [Termes IGN] télémétrie laser terrestre Résumé : (Auteur) Detailed information about timber assortments and diameter distributions is required in forest management. Forest owners can make better decisions concerning the timing of timber sales and forest companies can utilize more detailed information to optimize their wood supply chain from forest to factory. The objective here was to compare the accuracies of high-density laser scanning techniques for the estimation of tree-level diameter distribution and timber assortments. We also introduce a method that utilizes a combination of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning in timber assortment estimation. The study was conducted in Evo, Finland. Harvester measurements were used as a reference for 144 trees within a single clear-cut stand. The results showed that accurate tree-level timber assortments and diameter distributions can be obtained, using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or a combination of TLS and airborne laser scanning (ALS). Saw log volumes were estimated with higher accuracy than pulpwood volumes. The saw log volumes were estimated with relative root-mean-squared errors of 17.5% and 16.8% with TLS and a combination of TLS and ALS, respectively. The respective accuracies for pulpwood were 60.1% and 59.3%. The differences in the bucking method used also caused some large errors. In addition, tree quality factors highly affected the bucking accuracy, especially with pulpwood volume. Numéro de notice : A2014-525 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=74137 [article]

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Estimation of the timber quality of scots pine with terrestrial laser scanning / Ville Kankare in Forests, vol 5 n° 8 (August 2014)  

Public [article]  inForests > vol 5 n° 8 (August 2014) . - pp 1879 - 1895 Titre : Estimation of the timber quality of scots pine with terrestrial laser scanning Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ville Kankare, Auteur ; Marianna Joensuu, Auteur ; Jari Vauhkonen, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp 1879 - 1895 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes IGN] classification par forêts aléatoires [Termes IGN] données lidar [Termes IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes IGN] effet d'ombre [Termes IGN] Finlande [Termes IGN] inventaire forestier (techniques et méthodes) [Termes IGN] Pinus sylvestris Résumé : (auteur) Preharvest information on the quality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) timber is required by the forest industry in Nordic countries, due to the strong association between the technical quality and product recovery of this species in particular. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of estimating external quality attributes and classifying the quality of mature Scots pine trees by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The tree quality was estimated using a random forest approach, based on both field and TLS measurements of stem diameters, tree height and branch heights. The relative root mean squared errors of the TLS measurements for tree height, diameter, diameter at 6 m and the lowest living and dead branch height were 7.1%, 5.9%, 8.9%, 9.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The highest errors of the branch heights were caused by the shadowing effect in the point cloud data. The quality classes were estimated accurately, based on both (field and TLS measured) tree attributes. Trees were classified with 95.0% and 83.6% accuracy into three operationally-important quality classes and with 87.1% and 76.4% accuracy into five classes using, field or TLS measurements, respectively. The obtained quality classification results were promising. The enhanced tree quality information could have a significant effect on planning forest management procedures, wood supply chains and optimizing the flow of raw materials. To fully integrate tree quality measurements in operational forestry, the methods used should be fully automated. Numéro de notice : A2014-760 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article En ligne : http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/5/8/1879 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=76416 [article]

Urban-Tree-Attribute update using multisource single-tree inventory / Ninni Saarinen in Forests, vol 5 n° 5 (May 2014)  

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Automated stem curve measurement using terrestrial laser scanning / Xinlian Liang in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 52 n° 3 (March 2014)  

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Single tree biomass modelling using airborne laser scanning / Ville Kankare in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 85 (November 2013)

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Individual tree biomass estimation using terrestrial laser scanning / Ville Kankare in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 75 (January 2013)

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