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Direct measurement of evapotranspiration from a forest using a superconducting gravimeter / Michel Van Camp in Geophysical research letters, vol 43 n° 19 (15 October 2016)    

Public [article]  inGeophysical research letters > vol 43 n° 19 (15 October 2016) . - pp 10225 - 10231 Titre : Direct measurement of evapotranspiration from a forest using a superconducting gravimeter Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Michel Van Camp, Auteur ; Olivier de Viron, Auteur ; Gwendoline Pajot-Métivier , Auteur ; Fabien Casenave , Auteur ; Arnaud Watlet, Auteur ; Alain Dassargues, Auteur ; Marnik Vanclooster, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 10225 - 10231 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Belgique [Termes descripteurs IGN] évapotranspiration [Termes descripteurs IGN] feuillu [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt tempérée [Termes descripteurs IGN] gravimètre supraconducteur [Termes descripteurs IGN] humidité du sol [Termes descripteurs IGN] levé gravimétrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] variation diurne Résumé : (auteur) Evapotranspiration (ET) controls the flux between the land surface and the atmosphere. Assessing the ET ecosystems remains a key challenge in hydrology. We have found that the ET water mass loss can be directly inferred from continuous gravity measurements: as water evaporates and transpires from terrestrial ecosystems, the mass distribution of water decreases, changing the gravity field. Using continuous superconducting gravity measurements, we were able to identify daily gravity changes at the level of, or smaller than 10-9 nm.s-2 (or 10-10 g) per day. This corresponds to 1.7 mm of water over an area of 50 ha. The strength of this method is its ability to enable a direct, traceable and continuous monitoring of actual ET for years at the mesoscale with a high accuracy. Numéro de notice : A2016-684 Affiliation des auteurs : LAREG+Ext (1991-2011) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1002/2016GL070534 date de publication en ligne : 07/10/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070534 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81973 [article]

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Evidence for postglacial signatures in gravity gradients: A clue in lower mantle viscosity / Laurent Métivier in Earth and planetary science letters, vol 452 (October 2016)  

Public [article]  inEarth and planetary science letters > vol 452 (October 2016) . - pp 146 - 156 Titre : Evidence for postglacial signatures in gravity gradients: A clue in lower mantle viscosity Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Laurent Métivier , Auteur ; Lambert Caron, Auteur ; Marianne Greff-Lefftz, Auteur ; Gwendoline Pajot-Métivier , Auteur ; Luce Fleitout, Auteur ; Hélène Rouby , Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 146 - 156 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Amérique du nord [Termes descripteurs IGN] anomalie de pesanteur [Termes descripteurs IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] gradient de gravitation [Termes descripteurs IGN] manteau terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] paléocontinent [Termes descripteurs IGN] viscosité Résumé : (auteur) The Earth's surface was depressed under the weight of ice during the last glaciations. Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) induces the slow recession of the trough that is left after deglaciation and is responsible for a contemporary uplift rate of more than 1 cm/yr around Hudson Bay. The present-day residual depression, an indicator of still-ongoing GIA, is difficult to identify in the observed topography, which is predominantly sensitive to crustal heterogeneities. According to the most widespread GIA models, which feature a viscosity of 2–3×1021 Pa s2–3×1021 Pa s on top of the lower mantle, the trough is approximately 100 m deep and cannot explain the observed gravity anomalies across North America. These large anomalies are therefore usually attributed to subcontinental density heterogeneities in the tectosphere or to slab downwelling in the deep mantle. Here, we use observed gravity gradients (GG) to show that the uncompensated GIA trough is four times larger than expected and that it is the main source of the North American static gravity signal. We search for the contribution to these GGs from mantle mass anomalies, which are deduced from seismic tomography and are mechanically coupled to the global mantle flow. This contribution is found to be small over Laurentia, and at least 82% of the GGs are caused by GIA. Such a contribution from GIA in these GG observations implies a viscosity that is greater than 1022 Pa s1022 Pa s in the lower mantle. Our conclusions are a plea for GIA models with a highly viscous lower mantle, which confirm inferences from mantle dynamic models. Any change in GIA modelling has important paleoclimatological and environmental implications, encouraging scientists to re-evaluate the past ice history at a global scale. These implications, in turn, affect the contribution of bedrock uplift to the contemporaneous mass balance over Antarctica and Greenland and thus the present-day ice-melting rate as deduced from the GRACE space mission. Additionally, studies of the thermo-chemical structure of the lithosphere/crust under North America that exploit gravity or geodetic data should be corrected for a GIA model, which is not the case today. Numéro de notice : A2016-906 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.034 date de publication en ligne : 16/08/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.034 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83034 [article]

Fast computation of general forward gravitation problems / Fabien Casenave in Journal of geodesy, vol 90 n° 7 (July 2016)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 90 n° 7 (July 2016) . - pp 655 – 675 Titre : Fast computation of general forward gravitation problems Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Fabien Casenave , Auteur ; Laurent Métivier , Auteur ; Gwendoline Pajot-Métivier , Auteur ; Isabelle Panet , Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 655 – 675 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes descripteurs IGN] algorithme [Termes descripteurs IGN] France (géographie physique) [Termes descripteurs IGN] masse de la Terre [Termes descripteurs IGN] potentiel de pesanteur terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] vitesse Résumé : (auteur) We consider the well-known problem of the forward computation of the gradient of the gravitational potential generated by a mass density distribution of general 3D geometry. Many methods have been developed for given geometries, and the computation time often appears as a limiting practical issue for considering large or complex problems. In this work, we develop a fast method to carry out this computation, where a tetrahedral mesh is used to model the mass density distribution. Depending on the close- or long-range nature of the involved interactions, the algorithm automatically switches between analytic integration formulae and numerical quadratic formulae, and relies on the Fast Multipole Method to drastically increase the computation speed of the long-range interactions. The parameters of the algorithm are empirically chosen for the computations to be the fastest possible while guarantying a given relative accuracy of the result. Computations that would load many-core clusters for days can now be carried out on a desk computer in minutes. The computation of the contribution of topographical masses to the Earth’s gravitational field at the altitude of the GOCE satellite and over France are proposed as numerical illustrations of the method. Numéro de notice : A2016-427 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN (2012-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-016-0900-2 date de publication en ligne : 08/04/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00190-016-0900-2 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81321 [article]

Joint analysis of GOCE gravity gradients data of gravitational potential and of gravity with seismological and geodynamic observations to infer mantle properties / Marianne Greff-Lefftz in Geophysical journal international, vol 205 n° 1 (April 2016)  

Public [article]  inGeophysical journal international > vol 205 n° 1 (April 2016) . - pp 257 - 283 Titre : Joint analysis of GOCE gravity gradients data of gravitational potential and of gravity with seismological and geodynamic observations to infer mantle properties Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Marianne Greff-Lefftz, Auteur ; Laurent Métivier , Auteur ; Isabelle Panet , Auteur ; Lambert Caron, Auteur ; Gwendoline Pajot-Métivier , Auteur ; Johannes Bouman, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Projets : TOSCA / Article en page(s) : pp 257 - 283 Note générale : bibliographie This study was supported by CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) through the TOSCA committee and is IPGP contribution number 3701. Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] champ de pesanteur terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GOCE [Termes descripteurs IGN] facteur d'échelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] gradient de gravitation [Termes descripteurs IGN] manteau terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo [Termes descripteurs IGN] potentiel de pesanteur terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] viscosité Résumé : (auteur) Joint analysis of the seismic velocities and geoid, gravity and gravity gradients are used to constrain the viscosity profile within the mantle as well as the lateral density variations. Recent ESA's Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer measurements of the second-order derivatives of the Earth's gravity potential give new possibilities to determine these mantle properties. Using a simple mantle model and seismic tomography results, we investigate how the gravitational potential, the three components of the gravity vector and the gravity gradients can bring information on the radial viscosity profile and on the mantle mass anomalies. We start with lateral density variations in the Earth's mantle based either on slab history or deduced from seismic tomography. The main uncertainties are: for the latter case, the relationship between seismic velocity and density—the so-called density/velocity scaling factor—and for the former case, the variation with depth of the density contrast between the cold slabs and the surrounding mantle. We perform a Monte Carlo search for the viscosity and the density/velocity scaling factor profiles within the mantle, which allows to fit the observed geoid, gravity and gradients of gravity. We compute the posterior probability distribution of the unknown parameters, and find that the gravity gradients improve the estimate of the scaling factor within the upper mantle, because of their sensitivity to the masses within the upper mantle, whereas the geoid and the gravity better constrain the scaling factor in the lower mantle. In the upper mantle, it is less than 0.02 in the upper part and about 0.08–0.14 in the lower part, and it is significantly larger for depths greater than 1200 km (about 0.32–0.34). In any case, the density/velocity scaling factor between 670 and 1150 km depth is not well constrained. We show that the viscosity of the upper part of the mantle is strongly correlated with the viscosity of the lower part of the mantle and that the viscosity profile is characterized by a decrease in the lower part of the upper mantle (about 1020–2 × 1020 Pa s) and by an increase (about 1023–2 × 1023 Pa s) at the top of the lower mantle (between 670 and 1150 km). The viscosity of the mantle below 1150 km depth is well estimated in our Monte Carlo search and is about 1022–4 × 1022 Pa s. Numéro de notice : A2016--192 Affiliation des auteurs : LaSTIG LAREG+Ext (2012-mi2018) Autre URL associée : vers HAL Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggw002 date de publication en ligne : 16/02/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw002 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91843 [article]

Error analysis of a new planar electrostatic gravity gradiometer for airborne surveys / Karim Douch in Journal of geodesy, vol 89 n° 12 (december 2015)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 89 n° 12 (december 2015) . - pp 1217 - 1231 Titre : Error analysis of a new planar electrostatic gravity gradiometer for airborne surveys Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Karim Douch, Auteur ; Isabelle Panet , Auteur ; Gwendoline Pajot-Métivier , Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2015 Article en page(s) : pp 1217 - 1231 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes descripteurs IGN] champ de pesanteur terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur systématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] gravimètre [Termes descripteurs IGN] gyroscope [Termes descripteurs IGN] lever aérien Mots-clés libres : Airborne gravitational gradiometry  Error analysis  Electrostatic accelerometer Résumé : (auteur) Moving-base gravity gradiometry has proven to be a convenient method to determine the Earth’s gravity field. The ESA mission GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) has enabled to map the Earth gravity field and its gradients with a resolution of 80 km, leading to significant advances in physical oceanography and solid Earth physics. At smaller scales, airborne gravity gradiometry has been increasingly used during the past decade in mineral and hydrocarbon exploration. In both cases the sensitivity of gradiometers to the short wavelengths of the gravity field is of crucial interest. Here, we quantify and characterize the error on the gravity gradients estimated from measurements performed with a new instrument concept, called GREMLIT, for typical airborne conditions. GREMLIT is an ultra-sensitive planar gravitational gradiometer which consists in a planar acceleration gradiometer together with 3 gyroscopes. To conduct this error analysis, a simulation of a realistic airborne survey with GREMLIT is carried out. We first simulate realistic GREMLIT synthetic data, taking into account the acceleration gradiometer and gyroscope noises and biases and the variation of orientation of the measurement reference frame. Then, we estimate the gravity gradients from these data. Special attention is paid to the processing of the gyroscopes measurements whose accuracy is not commensurate with the ultra-sensitive gradiometer. We propose a method to calibrate the gyroscopes biases with a precision of the order 10−8 rad/s. In order to transform the tensor from the measurement frame to the local geodetic frame, we estimate the error induced when replacing the non-measured elements of the gravity gradient tensor by an a priori model. With the appropriate smoothing, we show that it is possible to achieve a precision better than 2E for an along-track spatial resolution of 2 km. Numéro de notice : A2015-887 Affiliation des auteurs : IGN+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-015-0847-8 date de publication en ligne : 07/08/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-015-0847-8 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=79435 [article]

Ultra-sensitive electrostatic planar acceleration gradiometer for airborne geophysical surveys / Karim Douch in Measurement Science and Technology, vol 25 n° 10 (October 2014)  

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Mapping the mass distribution of Earth's mantle using satellite-derived gravity gradients / Isabelle Panet in Nature geoscience, vol 7 n° 2 (February 2014)  

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Détermination du champ de pesanteur par gradiométrie spatiale [diaporama] / Gwendoline Pajot-Métivier (2012) 

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