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Measuring the influence of map label density on perceived complexity: a user study using eye tracking / Liao Hua in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 46 n° 3 (May 2019)  

Public [article]  inCartography and Geographic Information Science > vol 46 n° 3 (May 2019) . - pp 210 - 227 Titre : Measuring the influence of map label density on perceived complexity: a user study using eye tracking Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Liao Hua, Auteur ; Wang Xueyuan, Auteur ; Weihua Dong, Auteur ; Liqiu Meng, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 210 - 227 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse de données [Termes descripteurs IGN] complexité de la carte [Termes descripteurs IGN] densité d'information [Termes descripteurs IGN] oculométrie [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartologie Résumé : (Auteur) We combine eye tracking and a questionnaire-based approach to explore the influence of label density on the perceived visual complexity of maps. We design two experiments in which participants are asked to search for the names of point features on maps and to rate the map complexity and legibility for different label densities. Specifically, we conduct a highly controlled experiment in which all the map variables except the label density are held constant (the controlled experiment). Then, we conduct a second experiment following the same protocol but using real maps as visual stimuli (the real-map experiment) to verify if the results of the controlled experiment were applicable to real maps. The results of both experiments indicate a significantly positive correlation between perceived visual complexity and label density and between the response time in visual search tasks and label density. Surprisingly, we observe a significant inverse correlation between the label density and two eye movement parameters (fixation duration and fixation frequency) between the two experiments. We discuss how the variables of real maps might have affected these eye movement parameters and why the results of the two experiments are inconsistent. Our findings suggest that eye tracking parameters are not reliable indicators of map complexity. These empirical results can be helpful to future map design and map complexity investigation. Numéro de notice : A2019-092 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/15230406.2018.1434016 date de publication en ligne : 12/02/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2018.1434016 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=92337 [article]

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Inferring user tasks in pedestrian navigation from eye movement data in real-world environments / Hua Liao in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, Vol 33 n° 3-4 (March - April 2019)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > Vol 33 n° 3-4 (March - April 2019) . - pp 739 - 763 Titre : Inferring user tasks in pedestrian navigation from eye movement data in real-world environments Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Hua Liao, Auteur ; Weihua Dong, Auteur ; Haosheng Huang, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 739 - 763 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] apprentissage automatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] calcul d'itinéraire [Termes descripteurs IGN] classification par forêts aléatoires [Termes descripteurs IGN] inférence [Termes descripteurs IGN] navigation pédestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] oculométrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] représentation cognitive [Vedettes matières IGN] Géovisualisation Résumé : (Auteur) Eye movement data convey a wealth of information that can be used to probe human behaviour and cognitive processes. To date, eye tracking studies have mainly focused on laboratory-based evaluations of cartographic interfaces; in contrast, little attention has been paid to eye movement data mining for real-world applications. In this study, we propose using machine-learning methods to infer user tasks from eye movement data in real-world pedestrian navigation scenarios. We conducted a real-world pedestrian navigation experiment in which we recorded eye movement data from 38 participants. We trained and cross-validated a random forest classifier for classifying five common navigation tasks using five types of eye movement features. The results show that the classifier can achieve an overall accuracy of 67%. We found that statistical eye movement features and saccade encoding features are more useful than the other investigated types of features for distinguishing user tasks. We also identified that the choice of classifier, the time window size and the eye movement features considered are all important factors that influence task inference performance. Results of the research open doors to some potential real-world innovative applications, such as navigation systems that can provide task-related information depending on the task a user is performing. Numéro de notice : A2019-214 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2018.1482554 date de publication en ligne : 26/06/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1482554 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=92686 [article]

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Using eye tracking to explore differences in map-based spatial ability between geographers and non-geographers / Weihua Dong in ISPRS International journal of geo-information, vol 7 n° 9 (September 2018)  

Public [article]  inISPRS International journal of geo-information > vol 7 n° 9 (September 2018) Titre : Using eye tracking to explore differences in map-based spatial ability between geographers and non-geographers Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Weihua Dong, Auteur ; Liangyu Zheng, Auteur ; Bing Liu, Auteur ; Liqiu Meng, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] carte topographique [Termes descripteurs IGN] géolocalisation [Termes descripteurs IGN] oculométrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] orientation [Termes descripteurs IGN] visualisation cartographique [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartologie Résumé : (Auteur) In this article, we use eye-tracking methods to analyze the differences in spatial ability between geographers and non-geographers regarding topographic maps, as reflected in the following three aspects: map-based spatial localization, map-based spatial orientation, and map-based spatial visualization. We recruited 32 students from Beijing Normal University (BNU) and divided them into groups of geographers and non-geographers based on their major. In terms of their spatial localization ability, geographers had shorter response times, higher fixation frequencies, and fewer saccades than non-geographers, and the differences were significant. For their spatial orientation ability, compared to non-geographers, geographers had significantly lower response times, lower fixation counts and fewer saccades as well as significantly higher fixation frequencies. In terms of their spatial visualization ability, geographers’ response times were significantly shorter than those of non-geographers, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fixation count, fixation frequency or saccade count. We also found that compared to geographers, non-geographers usually spent more time completing these tasks. The results of this study are helpful in improving the map-based spatial ability of users of topographic maps. Numéro de notice : A2018-354 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.3390/ijgi7090337 date de publication en ligne : 22/08/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090337 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90588 [article]

Assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of map colour for colour impairments using an eye-tracking approach / Weihua Dong in Cartographic journal (the), Vol 53 n° 2 (May 2016)  

Public [article]  inCartographic journal (the) > Vol 53 n° 2 (May 2016) . - pp 166 - 176 Titre : Assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of map colour for colour impairments using an eye-tracking approach Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Weihua Dong, Auteur ; S. Zhang, Auteur ; Hua Liao, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 166 - 176 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Rédaction cartographique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Chine [Termes descripteurs IGN] couleur (rédaction cartographique) [Termes descripteurs IGN] daltonisme [Termes descripteurs IGN] lecture de carte [Termes descripteurs IGN] oculométrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] teinte Résumé : (Auteur) Colour impairments influences access to geographical information which is usually represented by colour maps. Three dimensions of colour: Hue, Saturation and Value (HSV), are intuitive and most critical visual variables in map design. In this paper, we specifically focus on colour deficiency of red-green colour impairments. A controlled experiment was designed and conducted to explore how three colour dimensions (HSV) affect the abilities of people with normal colour vision or with red-green colour impairments to distinguish colours in maps. An eye-tracking approach was applied to quantify the accuracy and response time by capturing user eye movements to analyse the effectiveness and efficiency. In this study, we used one section of the administrative map of Hebei Province to test participant responses to area features. Differences of effectiveness and efficiency across normal colour vision and red-green colour impairments were compared. Multiple comparisons among Hue, Saturation and Value were analysed. Results show that for both normal colour vision and red-green colour impairments, Hue is the most differentiable than Saturation and Value. Saturation and Value are at the same level to be differentiated and more difficult to be distinguished. Guidelines of designing maps for both normal colour vision and red-green colour impairments were derived. The results of this study can be helpful to improve the map designs for colour deficiency. Numéro de notice : A2016-512 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000053 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81583 [article]

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Eye tracking to explore the potential of enhanced imagery basemaps in web mapping / Weihua Dong in Cartographic journal (the), vol 51 n° 4 (November 2014)

Public [article]  inCartographic journal (the) > vol 51 n° 4 (November 2014) . - pp. 313-329 Titre : Eye tracking to explore the potential of enhanced imagery basemaps in web mapping Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Weihua Dong, Auteur ; Hua Liao, Auteur ; Robert Emmett Roth, Auteur ; Siyi Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : pp. 313-329 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse visuelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] cartographie numérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] lecture de carte [Termes descripteurs IGN] lisibilité perceptive [Termes descripteurs IGN] oculométrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] web mapping Résumé : (Auteur) The research reported here is motivated by the now ubiquitous nature of web mapping services that provide remotely sensed imagery as a basemap option. Despite the popularity of imagery basemaps, few strategies have been suggested to enhance their readability. Here, we describe a controlled experiment leveraging the eye tracking method to explore the potential of enhancing remotely sensed imagery when used for cartographic presentation. Specifically, 20 participants had their eye movements recorded as they visually searched for areas of interest in either an unmodified image (such as typical in web mapping services) or enhanced image (using image processing routines common to Remote Sensing). By interpreting the eye movement fixations and saccades of participants using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, we found that the image enhancements improved both the effectiveness of and efficiency in identifying areas of interest, particularly those previously concealed in more visually complex area Numéro de notice : A2014-643 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=75089 [article]

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Effectiveness and efficiency of map symbols for dynamic geographic information visualization / Weihua Dong in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, vol 39 n° 2 (April 2012)  

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