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Empirical stochastic model of detected target centroids: Influence on registration and calibration of terrestrial laser scanners / Tomislav Medic in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 13 n° 3 (July 2019)  

Public [article]  inJournal of applied geodesy > vol 13 n° 3 (July 2019) . - pp 179 – 197 Titre : Empirical stochastic model of detected target centroids: Influence on registration and calibration of terrestrial laser scanners Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Tomislav Medic, Auteur ; Christoph Holst, Auteur ; Jannik Janssen, Auteur ; Heiner Kuhlmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 179 – 197 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] centroïde [Termes descripteurs IGN] compensation par moindres carrés [Termes descripteurs IGN] détection de cible [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] étalonnage d'instrument [Termes descripteurs IGN] incertitude de mesurage [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle stochastique [Termes descripteurs IGN] télémètre laser terrestre Résumé : (auteur) The target-based point cloud registration and calibration of terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) are mathematically modeled and solved by the least-squares adjustment. However, usual stochastic models are simplified to a large amount: They generally employ a single point measurement uncertainty based on the manufacturers’ specifications. This definition does not hold true for the target-based calibration and registration due to the fact that the target centroid is derived from multiple measurements and its uncertainty depends on the detection procedure as well. In this study, we empirically investigate the precision of the target centroid detection and define an empirical stochastic model in the form of look-up tables. Furthermore, we compare the usual stochastic model with the empirical stochastic model on several point cloud registration and TLS calibration experiments. There, we prove that the values of usual stochastic models are underestimated and incorrect, which can lead to multiple adverse effects such as biased results of the estimation procedures, a false a posteriori variance component analysis, false statistical testing, and false network design conclusions. In the end, we prove that some of the adverse effects can be mitigated by employing the a priori knowledge about the target centroid uncertainty behavior. Numéro de notice : A2019-284 Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1515/jag-2018-0032 date de publication en ligne : 22/03/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0032 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93119 [article]

Accurate georeferencing of TLS point clouds with short GNSS observation durations even under challenging measurement conditions / Florian Zimmermann in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 12 n° 4 (October 2018)  

Public [article]  inJournal of applied geodesy > vol 12 n° 4 (October 2018) . - pp. 289 - 302 Titre : Accurate georeferencing of TLS point clouds with short GNSS observation durations even under challenging measurement conditions Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Florian Zimmermann, Auteur ; Christoph Holst, Auteur ; Lasse Klingbeil, Auteur ; Heiner Kuhlmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp. 289 - 302 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] altitude [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] géoréférencement [Termes descripteurs IGN] paramètre de temps [Termes descripteurs IGN] point d'appui [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement par GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] précision des mesures [Termes descripteurs IGN] semis de points Résumé : (auteur) The accuracy of georeferenced TLS point clouds is directly influenced by site-dependent GNSS effects, deteriorating the accuracy of the ground control point coordinate estimation. Especially under challenging GNSS conditions, this is a crucial problem. One common approach is to minimize these effects by longer observation durations, which in turn increases the effort in time and cost. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that provides accurate georeferencing results, even under challenging measurement conditions and short observation durations. It iteratively improves the georeferencing accuracy by determining and applying obstruction adaptive elevation masks to the GNSS observations. The algorithm is tested and assessed using the data of a field test. It is demonstrated that after only 5 minutes observation duration, the ground control point coordinates can be estimated with an accuracy of 1 to 2 cm, independent from the GNSS measurement conditions. Initial states of the elevation masks are determined from a point cloud that is georeferenced using coordinates from a single point positioning solution, enhanced by a RAIM-FDE approach. Afterwards, the coordinates are estimated in a weighted least-squares baseline solution and both, the elevation masks and the coordinate estimation, are iteratively improved. Besides the significant reduction of measurement time, the proposed algorithm allows for increasing the amount of ground control points and can be applied to other direct or indirect GNSS-based georeferencing approaches. Numéro de notice : A2018-433 Thématique : IMAGERIE/POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1515/jag-2018-0013 date de publication en ligne : 29/08/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2018-0013 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91000 [article]

Impact of spatial correlations on the surface estimation based on terrestrial laser scanning / Tobias Jurek in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 11 n° 3 (September 2017)  

Public [article]  inJournal of applied geodesy > vol 11 n° 3 (September 2017) . - pp 143 - 156 Titre : Impact of spatial correlations on the surface estimation based on terrestrial laser scanning Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Tobias Jurek, Auteur ; Heiner Kuhlmann, Auteur ; Christoph Holst, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 143 - 156 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] corrélation automatique de points homologues [Termes descripteurs IGN] déformation géométrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] estimation statistique [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle stochastique Résumé : (Auteur) In terms of high precision requested deformation analyses, evaluating laser scan data requires the exact knowledge of the functional and stochastic model. If this is not given, a parameter estimation leads to insufficient results. Simulating a laser scanning scene provides the knowledge of the exact functional model of the surface. Thus, it is possible to investigate the impact of neglecting spatial correlations in the stochastic model. Here, this impact is quantified through statistical analysis. The correlation function, the number of scanning points and the ratio of colored noise in the measurements determine the covariances in the simulated observations. It is shown that even for short correlation lengths of less than 10 cm and a low ratio of colored noise the global test as well as the parameter test are rejected. This indicates a bias and inconsistency in the parameter estimation. These results are transferable to similar tasks of laser scanner based surface approximation. Numéro de notice : A2017-569 Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1515/jag-2017-0006 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2017-0006 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=86689 [article]

Challenges and present fields of action at laser scanner based deformation analyses / Christoph Holst in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016)  

Public [article]  inJournal of applied geodesy > vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 17 -25 Titre : Challenges and present fields of action at laser scanner based deformation analyses Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Christoph Holst, Auteur ; Heiner Kuhlmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 17 -25 Note générale : bibilographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] corrélation automatique de points homologues [Termes descripteurs IGN] déformation géométrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur systématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] télémétrie laser terrestre Résumé : (auteur) Due to improved laser scanning technology, laser scanner based deformation analyses are presently widespread. These deformation analyses are no longer based on individual points representing the deformation of an object at selected positions. Instead, they are based on a large number of scan points sampling the whole object. This fact either leads to challenges regarding metrological aspects as well as regarding modeling aspects: – Estimating and quantifying spatial correlations between scan points and incorporating them into the deformation analysis – Separating the laser scanners’ internal systematic errors from areal deformations – Minimizing the bias at areal deformation analyses due to a worse network configuration and limited object knowledge – Developing freeform parameterizations to reproduce arbitrary areal deformations of an object by individual parameters – Incorporating an extended uncertainty model considering also model errors due to imperfect knowledge and simplification of the sampled object. – Only when considering all of these aspects, laser scanner based deformation analyses can benefit from the potential of the areal object sampling. This study aims at naming and reasoning these aspects. Furthermore, it introduces first methodologies and approaches for dealing with them. Numéro de notice : A2016-550 Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2015-0025 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81694 [article]

Laser scanning based growth analysis of plants as a new challenge for deformation monitoring / Jan Dupuis in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016)  

Public [article]  inJournal of applied geodesy > vol 10 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 37 - 44 Titre : Laser scanning based growth analysis of plants as a new challenge for deformation monitoring Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jan Dupuis, Auteur ; Christoph Holst, Auteur ; Heiner Kuhlmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 37 - 44 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] B-Spline [Termes descripteurs IGN] croissance végétale [Termes descripteurs IGN] déformation géométrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] feuille (végétation) [Termes descripteurs IGN] maillage par triangles [Termes descripteurs IGN] tessellation Résumé : (auteur) Nowadays, the areal deformation analysis has become an important task in engineering geodesy. Thereby, not only manmade objects are of high interest, also natural objects, like plant organs, are focused more frequently. Thus, the analysis of leaf growth, i. e. the spatial development of the leaf surface, can be seen as a problem of deformation monitoring. In contrast to classical geodetic tasks, the absolute size of the deformation of the leaf surface is small, but usually great compared to the object size. Due to the optical characteristics of leaf surfaces, the point clouds, commonly acquired with high precision close-up laser scanners, provide a point-to-point distance that is small or equal compared to the measurement accuracy. Thus, the point clouds are usually processed and the leaf area is derived from a triangulation-based surface representation (mesh), resulting in a significant uncertainty of area calculation. In this paper, we illustrate the lacks of the mesh-based leaf area calculation. Using high precision gauge blocks as well as a number of tomato leaves, uncertainties of the area derivation are revealed and evaluated. The application of a B-spline approximation illustrates the advantages of an approximation-based approach and introduces the prospect for further research. Numéro de notice : A2016-552 Thématique : FORET/IMAGERIE Nature : Article En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jag-2015-0028 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=81698 [article]

Improved area-based deformation analysis of a radio telescope’s main reflector based on terrestrial laser scanning / Christoph Holst in Journal of applied geodesy, vol 9 n° 1 (March 2015)  

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