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PPP-RTK based on undifferenced and uncombined observations: theoretical and practical aspects / Baocheng Zhang in Journal of geodesy, vol 93 n°7 (July 2019)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 93 n°7 (July 2019) . - pp 1011 - 1024 Titre : PPP-RTK based on undifferenced and uncombined observations: theoretical and practical aspects Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Baocheng Zhang, Auteur ; Yongchang Chen, Auteur ; Yunbin Yuan, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 1011 - 1024 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] ambiguïté entière [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] mesurage de phase [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement cinématique en temps réel [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement par GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes descripteurs IGN] série temporelle Résumé : (auteur) A synthesis of two prevailing global navigation satellite system positioning technologies, namely the precise point positioning and the network-based real-time kinematic, results in the emergence of the PPP-RTK, enabling single-receiver users to achieve high positioning accuracy with reasonable timeliness through integer ambiguity resolution. The realization of PPP-RTK needs to accomplish two sequential tasks. The first task is to determine a class of corrections including, among others, the satellite phase biases (SPBs) at the network level. With these corrections, the second task, then, is to solve for the ambiguity-fixed, absolute position at the user level. In this contribution, we revisit three variants (geometry-free, geometry-fixed and geometry-plus-satellite-clock-fixed) of the undifferenced and uncombined PPP-RTK network model and then point out their implications for practical use. We also carry out a case study using multi-day, dual-frequency global positioning system data from the crustal movement observation network of China stations, aiming to figure out what are the most appropriate linear combinations of the SPBs to be transmitted to the users from the viewpoint of decorrelation, and to assess the static and kinematic positioning performance. Numéro de notice : A2019-357 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-018-1220-5 date de publication en ligne : 06/12/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1220-5 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93425 [article]

Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RTPPP) with raw observations and its application in real-time regional ionospheric VTEC modeling / Teng Liu in Journal of geodesy, vol 92 n° 11 (November 2018)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 92 n° 11 (November 2018) . - pp 1267 - 1283 Titre : Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RTPPP) with raw observations and its application in real-time regional ionospheric VTEC modeling Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Teng Liu, Auteur ; Baocheng Zhang, Auteur ; Yunbin Yuan, Auteur ; Min Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 1267 - 1283 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle ionosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard ionosphèrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] temps réel [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur verticale totale en électrons Résumé : (Auteur) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an absolute positioning technology mainly used in post data processing. With the continuously increasing demand for real-time high-precision applications in positioning, timing, retrieval of atmospheric parameters, etc., Real-Time PPP (RTPPP) and its applications have drawn more and more research attention in recent years. This study focuses on the models, algorithms and ionospheric applications of RTPPP on the basis of raw observations, in which high-precision slant ionospheric delays are estimated among others in real time. For this purpose, a robust processing strategy for multi-station RTPPP with raw observations has been proposed and realized, in which real-time data streams and State-Space-Representative (SSR) satellite orbit and clock corrections are used. With the RTPPP-derived slant ionospheric delays from a regional network, a real-time regional ionospheric Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) modeling method is proposed based on Adjusted Spherical Harmonic Functions and a Moving-Window Filter. SSR satellite orbit and clock corrections from different IGS analysis centers are evaluated. Ten globally distributed real-time stations are used to evaluate the positioning performances of the proposed RTPPP algorithms in both static and kinematic modes. RMS values of positioning errors in static/kinematic mode are 5.2/15.5, 4.7/17.4 and 12.8/46.6 mm, for north, east and up components, respectively. Real-time slant ionospheric delays from RTPPP are compared with those from the traditional Carrier-to-Code Leveling (CCL) method, in terms of function model, formal precision and between-receiver differences of short baseline. Results show that slant ionospheric delays from RTPPP are more precise and have a much better convergence performance than those from the CCL method in real-time processing. 30 real-time stations from the Asia-Pacific Reference Frame network are used to model the ionospheric VTECs over Australia in real time, with slant ionospheric delays from both RTPPP and CCL methods for comparison. RMS of the VTEC differences between RTPPP/CCL method and CODE final products is 0.91/1.09 TECU, and RMS of the VTEC differences between RTPPP and CCL methods is 0.67 TECU. Slant Total Electron Contents retrieved from different VTEC models are also validated with epoch-differenced Geometry-Free combinations of dual-frequency phase observations, and mean RMS values are 2.14, 2.33 and 2.07 TECU for RTPPP method, CCL method and CODE final products, respectively. This shows the superiority of RTPPP-derived slant ionospheric delays in real-time ionospheric VTEC modeling. Numéro de notice : A2018-463 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-018-1118-2 date de publication en ligne : 29/01/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1118-2 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91062 [article]

GPS receiver phase biases estimable in PPP-RTK networks : dynamic characterization and impact analysis / Baocheng Zhang in Journal of geodesy, vol 92 n° 6 (June 2018)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 92 n° 6 (June 2018) . - pp 659 – 674 Titre : GPS receiver phase biases estimable in PPP-RTK networks : dynamic characterization and impact analysis Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Baocheng Zhang, Auteur ; Teng Liu, Auteur ; Yunbin Yuan, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 659 – 674 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Navigation et positionnement [Termes descripteurs IGN] caractérisation [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur systématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] filtre de Kalman [Termes descripteurs IGN] filtre passe-bas [Termes descripteurs IGN] GPS en mode cinématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] impact sur les données [Termes descripteurs IGN] phase GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement cinématique en temps réel [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur bifréquence Résumé : (Auteur) The integer ambiguity resolution enabled precise point positioning (PPP-RTK) has been proven advantageous in a wide range of applications. The realization of PPP-RTK concerns the isolation of satellite phase biases (SPBs) and other corrections from a network of Global Positioning System (GPS) reference receivers. This is generally based on Kalman filter in order to achieve real-time capability, in which proper modeling of the dynamics of various types of unknowns remains crucial. This paper seeks to gain insight into how to reasonably deal with the dynamic behavior of the estimable receiver phase biases (RPBs). Using dual-frequency GPS data collected at six colocated receivers over days 50–120 of 2015, we analyze the 30-s epoch-by-epoch estimates of L1 and wide-lane (WL) RPBs for each receiver pair. The dynamics observed in these estimates are a combined effect of three factors, namely the random measurement noise, the multipath and the ambient temperature. The first factor can be overcome by turning to a real-time filter and the second by considering the use of a sidereal filtering. The third factor has an effect only on the WL, and this effect appears to be linear. After accounting for these three factors, the low-pass-filtered, sidereal-filtered, epoch-by-epoch estimates of L1 RPBs follow a random walk process, whereas those of WL RPBs are constant over time. Properly modeling the dynamics of RPBs is vital, as it ensures the best convergence of the Kalman-filtered, between-satellite single-differenced SPB estimates to their correct values and, in turn, shortens the time-to-first-fix at user side. Numéro de notice : A2018-151 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-017-1085-z date de publication en ligne : 13/11/2017 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1085-z Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89764 [article]

Joint estimation of vertical total electron content (VTEC) and satellite differential code biases (SDCBs) using low-cost receivers / Baocheng Zhang in Journal of geodesy, vol 92 n° 4 (April 2018)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 92 n° 4 (April 2018) . - pp 401 - 413 Titre : Joint estimation of vertical total electron content (VTEC) and satellite differential code biases (SDCBs) using low-cost receivers Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Baocheng Zhang, Auteur ; Peter J.G. Teunissen, Auteur ; Yunbin Yuan, Auteur ; Hongxing Zhang, Auteur ; Min Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 401 - 413 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur systématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle ionosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement ponctuel précis [Termes descripteurs IGN] propagation ionosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] récepteur monofréquence [Termes descripteurs IGN] série temporelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur verticale totale en électrons Résumé : (Auteur) Vertical total electron content (VTEC) parameters estimated using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data are of great interest for ionosphere sensing. Satellite differential code biases (SDCBs) account for one source of error which, if left uncorrected, can deteriorate performance of positioning, timing and other applications. The customary approach to estimate VTEC along with SDCBs from dual-frequency GNSS data, hereinafter referred to as DF approach, consists of two sequential steps. The first step seeks to retrieve ionospheric observables through the carrier-to-code leveling technique. This observable, related to the slant total electron content (STEC) along the satellite–receiver line-of-sight, is biased also by the SDCBs and the receiver differential code biases (RDCBs). By means of thin-layer ionospheric model, in the second step one is able to isolate the VTEC, the SDCBs and the RDCBs from the ionospheric observables. In this work, we present a single-frequency (SF) approach, enabling the joint estimation of VTEC and SDCBs using low-cost receivers; this approach is also based on two steps and it differs from the DF approach only in the first step, where we turn to the precise point positioning technique to retrieve from the single-frequency GNSS data the ionospheric observables, interpreted as the combination of the STEC, the SDCBs and the biased receiver clocks at the pivot epoch. Our numerical analyses clarify how SF approach performs when being applied to GPS L1 data collected by a single receiver under both calm and disturbed ionospheric conditions. The daily time series of zenith VTEC estimates has an accuracy ranging from a few tenths of a TEC unit (TECU) to approximately 2 TECU. For 73–96% of GPS satellites in view, the daily estimates of SDCBs do not deviate, in absolute value, more than 1 ns from their ground truth values published by the Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe. Numéro de notice : A2018-062 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s00190-017-1071-5 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1071-5 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89398 [article]

On the short-term temporal variations of GNSS receiver differential phase biases / Baocheng Zhang in Journal of geodesy, vol 91 n° 5 (May 2017)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodesy > vol 91 n° 5 (May 2017) . - pp 563 – 572 Titre : On the short-term temporal variations of GNSS receiver differential phase biases Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Baocheng Zhang, Auteur ; Peter J.G. Teunissen, Auteur ; Yunbin Yuan, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 563 – 572 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur de phase [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur systématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] positionnement différentiel [Termes descripteurs IGN] température au sol [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur totale en électrons [Termes descripteurs IGN] trajet multiple [Termes descripteurs IGN] variation temporelle Résumé : (auteur) As a first step towards studying the ionosphere with the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), leveling the phase to the code geometry-free observations on an arc-by-arc basis yields the ionospheric observables, interpreted as a combination of slant total electron content along with satellite and receiver differential code biases (DCB). The leveling errors in the ionospheric observables may arise during this procedure, which, according to previous studies by other researchers, are due to the combined effects of the code multipath and the intra-day variability in the receiver DCB. In this paper we further identify the short-term temporal variations of receiver differential phase biases (DPB) as another possible cause of leveling errors. Our investigation starts by the development of a method to epoch-wise estimate between-receiver DPB (BR-DPB) employing (inter-receiver) single-differenced, phase-only GNSS observations collected from a pair of receivers creating a zero or short baseline. The key issue for this method is to get rid of the possible discontinuities in the epoch-wise BR-DPB estimates, occurring when satellite assigned as pivot changes. Our numerical tests, carried out using Global Positioning System (GPS, US GNSS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, Chinese GNSS) observations sampled every 30 s by a dedicatedly selected set of zero and short baselines, suggest two major findings. First, epoch-wise BR-DPB estimates can exhibit remarkable variability over a rather short period of time (e.g. 6 cm over 3 h), thus significant from a statistical point of view. Second, a dominant factor driving this variability is the changes of ambient temperature, instead of the un-modelled phase multipath. Numéro de notice : A2017-228 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-016-0983-9 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85109 [article]

Multi-GNSS precise point positioning (MGPPP) using raw observations / Teng Liu in Journal of geodesy, vol 91 n° 3 (March 2017)  

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On the estimability of parameters in undifferenced, uncombined GNSS network and PPP-RTK user models by means of S-system theory / Dennis Odijk in Journal of geodesy, vol 90 n° 1 (January 2016)  

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