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Sensitivity of GPS tropospheric estimates to mesoscale convective systems in West Africa / Samuel Nahmani in Atmospheric chemistry and physics, vol 19 n° 14 (juillet 2019)    

Public [article]  inAtmospheric chemistry and physics > vol 19 n° 14 (juillet 2019) . - pp 9541 - 9561 Titre : Sensitivity of GPS tropospheric estimates to mesoscale convective systems in West Africa Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Samuel Nahmani , Auteur ; Olivier Bock , Auteur ; Françoise Guichard, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 9541 - 9561 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Afrique occidentale [Termes descripteurs IGN] bande C [Termes descripteurs IGN] convection [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] GAMIT [Termes descripteurs IGN] GIPSY-OASIS [Termes descripteurs IGN] meso échelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] Niger [Termes descripteurs IGN] propagation troposphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] retard troposphérique zénithal [Termes descripteurs IGN] signal GPS Résumé : (Auteur) This study analyzes the characteristics of GPS tropospheric estimates (zenith wet delays – ZWDs, gradients, and post-fit phase residuals) during the passage of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and evaluates their sensitivity to the research-level GPS data processing strategy implemented. Here, we focus on MCS events observed during the monsoon season of West Africa. This region is particularly well suited for the study of these events due to the high frequency of MCS occurrences in the contrasting climatic environments between the Guinean coast and the Sahel. This contrast is well sampled with data generated by six African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) GPS stations. Tropospheric estimates for a 3-year period (2006–2008), processed with both the GAMIT and GIPSY-OASIS software packages, were analyzed and intercompared. First, the case of a MCS that passed over Niamey, Niger, on 11 August 2006 demonstrates a strong impact of the MCS on GPS estimates and post-fit residuals when the GPS signals propagate through the convective cells as detected on reflectivity maps from the MIT C-band Doppler radar. The estimates are also capable of detecting changes in the structure and dynamics of the MCS. However, the sensitivity is different depending on the tropospheric modeling approach adopted in the software. With GIPSY-OASIS, the high temporal sampling (5 min) of ZWDs and gradients is well suited for detecting the small-scale, short-lived, convective cells, while the post-fit residuals remain quite small. With GAMIT, the lower temporal sampling of the estimated parameters (hourly for ZWDs and daily for gradients) is not sufficient to capture the rapid delay variations associated with the passage of the MCS, but the post-fit phase residuals clearly reflect the presence of a strong refractivity anomaly. The results are generalized with a composite analysis of 414 MCS events observed over the 3-year period at the six GPS stations with the GIPSY-OASIS estimates. A systematic peak is found in the ZWDs coincident with the cold pool crossing time associated with the MCSs. The tropospheric gradients reflect the path of the MCS propagation (generally from east to west). This study concludes that ZWDs, gradients, and post-fit phase residuals provide relevant and complementary information on MCSs passing over or in the vicinity of a GPS station. Numéro de notice : A2019-572 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Numéro de périodique DOI : 10.5194/acp-19-9541-2019 date de publication en ligne : 29/07/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9541-2019 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94444 [article]

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A breakpoint detection in the mean model with heterogeneous variance on fixed time-intervals / Olivier Bock in Statistics and Computing, vol 29 Online First (May 2019)  

Public [article]  inStatistics and Computing > vol 29 Online First (May 2019) . - pp 1 - 13 Titre : A breakpoint detection in the mean model with heterogeneous variance on fixed time-intervals Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Olivier Bock , Auteur ; Xavier Collilieux , Auteur ; François Guillamon, Auteur ; Emilie Lebarbier, Auteur ; Claire Pascal, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Projets : 1-Pas de projet / Article en page(s) : pp 1 - 13 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Statistiques [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse de variance [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] inférence statistique [Termes descripteurs IGN] méthode robuste [Termes descripteurs IGN] points de rupture [Termes descripteurs IGN] processus gaussien [Termes descripteurs IGN] segmentation [Termes descripteurs IGN] série temporelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] variabilité Résumé : (Auteur) This work is motivated by an application for the homogenization of global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-derived integrated water vapour series. Indeed, these series are affected by abrupt changes due to equipment changes or environmental effects. The detection and correction of the series from these changes are a crucial step before any use for climate studies. In addition to these abrupt changes, it has been observed in the series a non-stationary of the variability. We propose in this paper a new segmentation model that is a breakpoint detection in the mean model of a Gaussian process with heterogeneous variance on known time intervals. In this segmentation case, the dynamic programming algorithm used classically to infer the breakpoints cannot be applied anymore. We propose a procedure in two steps: we first estimate robustly the variances and then apply the classical inference by plugging these estimators. The performance of our proposed procedure is assessed through simulation experiments. An application to real GNSS data is presented. Numéro de notice : A2019-165 Thématique : MATHEMATIQUE/POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s11222-019-09853-5 date de publication en ligne : 03/05/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-019-09853-5 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=92571 [article]

Global IWV trends and variability in atmospheric reanalyses and GPS observations / Ana-Claudia Parracho in Atmospheric chemistry and physics, vol 18 n° 22 ([01/11/2018])  

Public [article]  inAtmospheric chemistry and physics > vol 18 n° 22 [01/11/2018] . - pp 16213 - 16237 Titre : Global IWV trends and variability in atmospheric reanalyses and GPS observations Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Ana-Claudia Parracho, Auteur ; Olivier Bock , Auteur ; Sophie Bastin, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 16213 - 16237 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Afrique (géographie physique) [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Antarctique [Termes descripteurs IGN] circulation atmosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] données météorologiques [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur systématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] hémisphère Sud [Termes descripteurs IGN] humidité de l'air [Termes descripteurs IGN] température de surface [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur intégré en vapeur d'eau [Termes descripteurs IGN] variabilité Résumé : (auteur) This study investigates the means, variability, and trends in integrated water vapour (IWV) from two modern reanalyses (ERA-Interim and MERRA-2) from 1980 to 2016 and ground-based GPS data from 1995 to 2010. It is found that the mean distributions and inter-annual variability in IWV in the reanalyses and GPS are consistent, even in regions of strong gradients. ERA-Interim is shown to exhibit a slight moist bias in the extra-tropics and a slight dry bias in the tropics (both on the order of 0.5 to 1 kg m−2) compared to GPS. ERA-Interim is also generally drier than MERRA-2 over the ocean and within the tropics. Differences in variability and trends are pointed out at a few GPS sites. These differences can be due to representativeness errors (for sites located in coastal regions and regions of complex topography), gaps and inhomogeneities in the GPS series (due to equipment changes), or potential inhomogeneities in the reanalyses (due to changes in the observing system). Trends in IWV and surface temperature in ERA-Interim and MERRA-2 are shown to be consistent, with positive IWV trends generally correlated with surface warming, but MERRA-2 presents a more general global moistening trend compared to ERA-Interim. Inconsistent trends are found between the two reanalyses over Antarctica and most of the Southern Hemisphere, and over central and northern Africa. The uncertainty in current reanalyses remains quite high in these regions, where few in situ observations are available, and the spread between models is generally important. Inter-annual and decadal variations in IWV are also shown to be strongly linked with variations in the atmospheric circulation, especially in arid regions, such as northern Africa and Western Australia, which add uncertainty in the trend estimates, especially over the shorter period. In these regions, the Clausius–Clapeyron scaling ratio is found not to be a good humidity proxy for inter-annual variability and decadal trends. Numéro de notice : A2018-667 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.5194/acp-18-16213-2018 date de publication en ligne : 15/11/2018 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16213-2018 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94260 [article]

Multi‐scale observations of atmospheric moisture variability in relation to heavy precipitating systems in the northwestern Mediterranean during HyMeX IOP12 / Samiro Khodayar in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol 144 n° 717 (October 2018 Part B)  

Public [article]  inQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society > vol 144 n° 717 (October 2018 Part B) . - pp 2761 - 2780 Titre : Multi‐scale observations of atmospheric moisture variability in relation to heavy precipitating systems in the northwestern Mediterranean during HyMeX IOP12 Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Samiro Khodayar, Auteur ; Beata Czajka, Auteur ; Alberto Caldas-Álvarez, Auteur ; Sebastian Helgert, Auteur ; Cyrille Flamant, Auteur ; Olivier Bock , Auteur ; Patrick Chazette, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 2761 - 2780 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] convection [Termes descripteurs IGN] coordonnées GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] couche atmosphérique [Termes descripteurs IGN] distribution spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] données météorologiques [Termes descripteurs IGN] humidité de l'air [Termes descripteurs IGN] image Cosmo-Skymed [Termes descripteurs IGN] Méditerranée, mer [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur intégré en vapeur d'eau [Termes descripteurs IGN] troposphère Résumé : (auteur) The deployment of special instrumentation for the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) provides a valuable opportunity to investigate the spatio‐temporal variability of atmospheric water vapour across scales in relationship with the occurrence of Heavy Precipitation Systems (HPSs) in the north Western Mediterranean (WMed) during the Intensive Observation Period (IOP12), which is the focus of this investigation. High‐resolution convection‐permitting COSMO simulations complement the observational network and allow the calculation of on‐line trajectories. In addition to the presence of a favourable large‐scale situation and low‐level convergence, atmospheric moisture changes resulting in conditionally unstable air are identified as responsible for convective initiation (CI). All HPSs within the north‐WMed form in periods/areas of maximum integrated water vapour (IWV; 35–45 kg/m2) after an increase of about 10–20 kg/m2. The most intense events receive moisture from different sources simultaneously and show a sudden increase of about 10 kg/m2 between 6 and 12 h prior to the event, whereas in the less intense events the increase is larger, about 20 kg/m2, over a period of at least 24–36 h. Changes in the lower (∼900 hPa) and mid‐troposphere (∼700 hPa) control the evolution of the atmospheric moisture and the instability increase prior to CI. Spatial inhomogeneities in the lower boundary layer determine the timing and location of deep convection, whereas enhanced moisture in the mid‐troposphere favours intensification. Moister and deeper boundary layers, with updraughts reaching up to 2 km are identified in those pre‐convective environments leading to HPS, whereas dry, shallow boundary layers are found everywhere else. The build‐up time and vertical distribution of the moisture changes are found to be crucial for the evolution and severity of the HPSs rather than the amount of total column atmospheric moisture. Numéro de notice : A2018-550 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1002/qj.3402 date de publication en ligne : 09/09/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3402 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91637 [article]

Comparison of total water vapour content in the Arctic derived from GNSS, AIRS, MODIS and SCIAMACHY / Dunya Alraddawi in Atmospheric measurement techniques, vol 11 n° 5 (May 2018)  

Public [article]  inAtmospheric measurement techniques > vol 11 n° 5 (May 2018) . - pp 2949 - 2965 Titre : Comparison of total water vapour content in the Arctic derived from GNSS, AIRS, MODIS and SCIAMACHY Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dunya Alraddawi, Auteur ; Alain Sarkissian, Auteur ; Philippe Keckhut, Auteur ; Olivier Bock , Auteur ; Stefan Noël, Auteur ; Slimane Bekki, Auteur ; Abdanour Irbah, Auteur ; Mustapha Meftah, Auteur ; Chantal Claud, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 2949 - 2965 Note générale : bibliographie This work was developed in the framework of the VEGA project and supported by the French program LEFE/INSU. This work is a contribution to the European COST Action ES1206 GNSS4SWEC (GNSS for Severe Weather and Climate monitoring; http://www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/essem/ES1206, last access: 15 May 2018) aiming at the development of the global GNSS network for atmospheric research and climate change monitoring. Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse comparative [Termes descripteurs IGN] Arctique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Atmospheric Infrared Sounder [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GNSS [Termes descripteurs IGN] données météorologiques [Termes descripteurs IGN] erreur systématique [Termes descripteurs IGN] image Aqua-MODIS [Termes descripteurs IGN] image Terra-MODIS [Termes descripteurs IGN] nébulosité [Termes descripteurs IGN] série temporelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] teneur en vapeur d'eau Résumé : (auteur) Atmospheric water vapour plays a key role in the Arctic radiation budget, hydrological cycle and hence climate, but its measurement with high accuracy remains an important challenge. Total column water vapour (TCWV) datasets derived from ground-based GNSS measurements are used to assess the quality of different existing satellite TCWV datasets, namely from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY). The comparisons between GNSS and satellite data are carried out for three reference Arctic observation sites (Sodankylä, Ny-Ålesund and Thule) where long homogeneous GNSS time series of more than a decade (2001–2014) are available. We select hourly GNSS data that are coincident with overpasses of the different satellites over the three sites and then average them into monthly means that are compared with monthly mean satellite products for different seasons. The agreement between GNSS and satellite time series is generally within 5 % at all sites for most conditions. The weakest correlations are found during summer. Among all the satellite data, AIRS shows the best agreement with GNSS time series, though AIRS TCWV is often slightly too high in drier atmospheres (i.e. high-latitude stations during autumn and winter). SCIAMACHY TCWV data are generally drier than GNSS measurements at all the stations during the summer. This study suggests that these biases are associated with cloud cover, especially at Ny-Ålesund and Thule. The dry biases of MODIS and SCIAMACHY observations are most pronounced at Sodankylä during the snow season (from October to March). Regarding SCIAMACHY, this bias is possibly linked to the fact that the SCIAMACHY TCWV retrieval does not take accurately into account the variations in surface albedo, notably in the presence of snow with a nearby canopy as in Sodankylä. The MODIS bias at Sodankylä is found to be correlated with cloud cover fraction and is also expected to be affected by other atmospheric or surface albedo changes linked for instance to the presence of forests or anthropogenic emissions. Overall, the results point out that a better estimation of seasonally dependent surface albedo and a better consideration of vertically resolved cloud cover are recommended if biases in satellite measurements are to be reduced in the polar regions. Numéro de notice : A2018-240 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.5194/amt-11-2949-2018 date de publication en ligne : 18/05/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2949-2018 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=90215 [article]

Reduction of ZTD outliers through improved GNSS data processing and screening strategies [Interactive discussion] / Katarzyna Stępniak in Atmospheric measurement techniques, vol 11 n° 3 (March 2018)  

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Bilan de l’Action COST ES1206 - GNSS4SWEC (Advanced Global Navigation Satellite Systems tropospheric products for monitoring severe weather events and climate) / Olivier Bock (2018)

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Precipitable water vapour content from ESR/SKYNET sun–sky radiometers : validation against GNSS/GPS and AERONET over three different sites in Europe / Monica Campanelli in Atmospheric measurement techniques, vol 11 n° 1 (January 2018)    

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Enhanced MODIS atmospheric total water vapour content trends in response to Arctic amplification / Dunya Alraddawi in Atmosphere, vol 8 n° 12 (December 2017)  

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Study and mitigation of calibration factor instabilities in a water vapor Raman lidar / Leslie David in Atmospheric measurement techniques, vol 10 n° 7 (July 2017)    

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Frequency of extreme Sahelian storms tripled since 1982 in satellite observations / Christopher M. Taylor in Nature letters, vol 544 n° 7651 (27 April 2017)  

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GPS - Zenith Total Delay assimilation in different resolution simulations of a heavy precipitation event over southern France / Alberto Caldas-Álvarez in Advances in Science and Research, vol 14 (2017)    

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Homogeneizing GPS integrated water vapour time series: methodology and benchmarking the algorithms on synthetic datasets / Roeland Van Malderen (2017)    

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Review of the state of the art and future prospects of the ground-based GNSS meteorology in Europe / Guergana Guerova in Atmospheric measurement techniques, vol 9 n° 11 (November 2016)  

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Diagnostic study of a high‐precipitation event in the Western Mediterranean: adequacy of current operational networks / Samiro Khodayar in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol 142 n° S1 (August 2016)  

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