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Space test of the Equivalence Principle: first results of the MICROSCOPE mission / Pierre Touboul in Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol 36 n° 22 (November 2019)  

Public [article]  inClassical and Quantum Gravity > vol 36 n° 22 (November 2019) . - n° 225006 Titre : Space test of the Equivalence Principle: first results of the MICROSCOPE mission Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Pierre Touboul, Auteur ; Gilles Métris, Auteur ; Manuel Rodrigues, Auteur ; Quentin Baghi, Auteur ; Joel Bergé, Auteur ; Damien Boulanger, Auteur ; Stefanie Bremer, Auteur ; Ratana Chhun, Auteur ; Bruno Christophe, Auteur ; Valerio Cipolla, Auteur ; Thibault Damour, Auteur ; Pascal Danto, Auteur ; Hansjoerg Dittus, Auteur ; Pierre Fayet, Auteur ; Bernard Foulon, Auteur ; Pierre-Yves Guidotti, Auteur ; Emilie Hardy, Auteur ; Phuong-Anh Huynh, Auteur ; Claus Lämmerzahl, Auteur ; Vincent Lebat, Auteur ; Françoise Liorzou, Auteur ; Meike List, Auteur ; Isabelle Panet , Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Projets : 1-Pas de projet / Article en page(s) : n° 225006 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Missions spatiales [Termes IGN] MICROSCOPE (mission) [Termes IGN] principe d'équivalence Résumé : (auteur) The weak equivalence principle (WEP), stating that two bodies of different compositions and/or mass fall at the same rate in a gravitational field (universality of free fall), is at the very foundation of general relativity. The MICROSCOPE mission aims to test its validity to a precision of 10−15, two orders of magnitude better than current on-ground tests, by using two masses of different compositions (titanium and platinum alloys) on a quasi-circular trajectory around the Earth. This is realised by measuring the accelerations inferred from the forces required to maintain the two masses exactly in the same orbit. Any significant difference between the measured accelerations, occurring at a defined frequency, would correspond to the detection of a violation of the WEP, or to the discovery of a tiny new type of force added to gravity. MICROSCOPE's first results show no hint for such a difference, expressed in terms of Eötvös parameter (both 1 uncertainties) for a titanium and platinum pair of materials. This result was obtained on a session with 120 orbital revolutions representing 7% of the current available data acquired during the whole mission. The quadratic combination of 1 uncertainties leads to a current limit on of about xxx. Numéro de notice : A2019-633 Affiliation des auteurs : Géodésie+Ext (mi2018-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1088/1361-6382/ab4707 date de publication en ligne : 18/10/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab4707 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95449 [article]

Mass variation observing system by high low inter-satellite links (MOBILE) : a new concept for sustained observation of mass transport from space / Roland Pail in Journal of geodetic science, vol 9 n° 1 (January 2019)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geodetic science > vol 9 n° 1 (January 2019) . - pp 48 - 58 Titre : Mass variation observing system by high low inter-satellite links (MOBILE) : a new concept for sustained observation of mass transport from space Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Roland Pail, Auteur ; Jonathan Bamber, Auteur ; Richard Biancale, Auteur ; Rory Bingham, Auteur ; Carla Braitenberg, Auteur ; Annette Eicker, Auteur ; Frank Flechtner, Auteur ; Thomas Gruber, Auteur ; Andreas Güntner, Auteur ; Gerhard Heinzel, Auteur ; Martin Horwath, Auteur ; Laurent Longuevergne, Auteur ; J. Muller, Auteur ; Isabelle Panet , Auteur ; Hubert Savenije, Auteur ; S. Seneviratne, Auteur ; Nico Sneeuw, Auteur ; Tonie M. van Dam, Auteur ; Bert Wouters, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Projets : 1-Pas de projet / Article en page(s) : pp 48 - 58 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes IGN] champ de pesanteur terrestre [Termes IGN] gravimétrie spatiale [Termes IGN] harmonique sphérique [Termes IGN] masse Résumé : (auteur) As changes in gravity are directly related to mass variability, satellite missions observing the Earth’s time varying gravity field are a unique tool for observing mass transport processes in the Earth system, such as the water cycle, rapid changes in the cryosphere, oceans, and solid Earth processes, on a global scale. The observation of Earth’s gravity field was successfully performed by the GRACE and GOCE satellite missions, and will be continued by the GRACE Follow-On mission. A comprehensive team of European scientists proposed the next-generation gravity field mission MOBILE in response to the European Space Agency (ESA) call for a Core Mission in the frame of Earth Explorer 10 (EE10). MOBILE is based on the innovative observational concept of a high-low tracking formation with micrometer ranging accuracy, complemented by new instrument concepts. Since a high-low tracking mission primarily observes the radial component of gravity-induced orbit perturbations, the error structure is close to isotropic. This geometry significantly reduces artefacts of previous along-track ranging low-low formations (GRACE, GRACE-Follow-On) such as the typical striping patterns. The minimum configuration consists of at least two medium-Earth orbiters (MEOs) at 10000 km altitude or higher, and one low-Earth orbiter (LEO) at 350-400 km. The main instrument is a laser-based distance or distance change measurement system, which is placed at the LEO. The MEOs are equipped either with passive reflectors or transponders. In a numerical closed-loop simulation, it was demonstrated that this minimum configuration is in agreement with the threshold science requirements of 5 mm equivalent water height (EWH) accuracy at 400 km wavelength, and 10 cm EWH at 200 km. MOBILE provides promising potential future perspectives by linking the concept to existing space infrastructure such as Galileo next-generation, as future element of the Copernicus/Sentinel programme, and holds the potential of miniaturization even up to swarm configurations. As such MOBILE can be considered as a precursor and role model for a sustained mass transport observing system from space. Numéro de notice : A2019-635 Affiliation des auteurs : Géodésie+Ext (mi2018-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1515/jogs-2019-0006 date de publication en ligne : 21/10/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2019-0006 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=95454 [article]

Optimization of optical clock network for the geopotential determination / Guillaume Lion (2019)

Public Titre : Optimization of optical clock network for the geopotential determination Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Guillaume Lion , Auteur ; Isabelle Panet , Auteur ; David Coulot , Auteur ; Pacôme Delva, Auteur Editeur : Saint-Mandé : Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière - IGN Année de publication : 2019 Projets : ChronoG2o / Conférence : AGU 2019 Fall Meeting 09/12/2019 13/12/2019 San Francisco Californie - Etats-Unis programme sans actes Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes IGN] chronométrie [Termes IGN] décalage d'horloge [Termes IGN] horloge [Termes IGN] optimisation (mathématiques) [Termes IGN] potentiel de pesanteur terrestre Résumé : (auteur) Clock comparisons with an uncertainty at the 10−18 in terms of relative frequency can provide a new kind of measurement to improve our knowledge of Earth’s gravity field and geoid. Instead of using state-of-the-art Earth’s gravitational field models to predict frequency shifts between distant clocks, they could permit determining geopotential differences at a centimeter-level accuracy, and question the possibility of studying geodynamic processes leading to very small vertical deformations or improve the unification of height systems. In our previous work dealing with the geopotential determination at high spatial resolution in mountainous regions, we have pointed out that clock-based geodetic observable can provide useful information at spatial scales beyond what is available from satellites and they could be used to fill areas not covered by the gravity data on the ground. Our synthetic simulations have shown that adding few clock-based potential data to a gravimetric data set can significantly improve the reconstruction of the geopotential. Therefore, it turns out there is a large variety of possible clock distribution allowing to reduce the reconstruction residuals, with different locations and number of clocks. In this work, we investigate ways to optimize clock network from a gravimetric data set in the Massif Central region in order to know where to put them to minimize the residuals and improve further the determination of the geopotential. To do that, we have used a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA). Starting from a random initial population with different clock distributions, the algorithm selects clock locations with good chances of reproduction and reproduces the new generation of clock locations using genetic operators. The process depends on some objectives we want to reach in order to solve the optimization problem, and it is repeated several times for a given number of generations or until a solution considered as optimum is found. We show how GA can help to provide optimal solutions for a problem with a fixed and variable number of clock locations. We discuss the effect of different parameters, such as the way to define the objectives and the constrains of the problem, the quality of the clock network and the data. Numéro de notice : C2019-057 Affiliation des auteurs : Géodésie+Ext (mi2018-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Poster nature-HAL : Poster-avec-CL DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96833

Reconciling upper mantle seismic velocity and density structure below ocean basins / Isabelle Panet (2019)

Public Titre : Reconciling upper mantle seismic velocity and density structure below ocean basins Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Isabelle Panet , Auteur ; Barbara Romanowicz, Auteur ; Marianne Greff-Lefftz, Auteur Editeur : Saint-Mandé : Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière - IGN Année de publication : 2019 Projets : 1-Pas de projet / Conférence : AGU 2019 Fall Meeting 09/12/2019 13/12/2019 San Francisco Californie - Etats-Unis programme sans actes Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes IGN] champ de pesanteur terrestre [Termes IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre [Termes IGN] données bathymétriques [Termes IGN] données GRACE [Termes IGN] fond marin [Termes IGN] geoïde marin [Termes IGN] géophysique interne [Termes IGN] Indien (océan) [Termes IGN] manteau terrestre [Termes IGN] Pacifique (océan) [Termes IGN] structure géologique [Termes IGN] vitesse de déplacement Résumé : (auteur) Imaging the spatial pattern of mantle flows and constraining their mass is one of the keys to understand the character of mantle convection inside the Earth, and its interactions with plate motions. The horizontal planform of the flows, their heterogeneity and mass transport at depth, are reflected in variations of the gravity field and seismic velocities, as well as deformations of the Earth's surface. Over ocean basins, these observables show an elusive medium-scale structure. A 1500-2000 km wavelength directional fabric following the present-day absolute plate motion is present in the Pacific Ocean in GRACE satellite gravity data (Hayn et al., 2012), while 2000-km wavelength slow shear velocity anomalies sharing a similar orientation are found in seismic tomography at upper mantle depths below the oceans (SEMUM2, French et al., 2013). Today, the dynamic processes at the origin of these observations remain unresolved. Here, we develop a joint analysis of satellite gravity and bathymetry data together with the SEMUM2 seismic tomography model, in order to advance our understanding of upper to mid-mantle flows below the oceans. First, we enhance and reconstruct the medium-scale gravity and seafloor topography signals aligned with the present-day plate motion from an analysis of the rates of gravity vector variations and seafloor slopes. Then, we compare the obtained signals with the spatial distribution of shear velocity anomalies at depth. We show that slow velocity anomalies coincide with geoid lows, depressions in the seafloor topography, and mass excess in the mantle, in the Pacific ocean and part of the Indian ocean. We first consider a purely thermal interpretation of the seismic velocity variations, associated with medium-scale convective rolls in the upper to mid-mantle, a process able to only explain the observed geometry of anomalies. Investigating whether the needed mass excess arises from lithospheric or deeper sources, such as at the level of the 660-km interface, we conclude that it lies more likely within the slow velocity anomalies themselves, suggesting hot and dense structures. We finally discuss the possible meaning and implications of these results. Numéro de notice : C2019-058 Affiliation des auteurs : Géodésie+Ext (mi2018-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Poster nature-HAL : Poster-avec-CL DOI : sans Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=96896

An analysis of gravitational gradients in rotated frames and their relation to oriented mass sources / Isabelle Panet in Journal of geophysical research : Solid Earth, vol 123 n° 12 (December 2018)  

Public [article]  inJournal of geophysical research : Solid Earth > vol 123 n° 12 (December 2018) . - pp 11062 -11090 Titre : An analysis of gravitational gradients in rotated frames and their relation to oriented mass sources Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Isabelle Panet , Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Projets : TOSCA / Article en page(s) : pp 11062 -11090 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes IGN] analyse de sensibilité [Termes IGN] champ de pesanteur terrestre [Termes IGN] gradient de gravitation [Termes IGN] levé gravimétrique [Termes IGN] masse de la Terre [Termes IGN] modèle de géopotentiel [Termes IGN] repère de référence Résumé : (auteur) Many mass sources within the Earth and its fluid envelopes show elongated geometries, aligning with the orientations of plate boundaries and plate motions, coastlines, rivers, and drainage basins for instance. To enhance their identification and separation in global or regional gravity observations and models, a dedicated method based on gravitational gradients analysis is presented here. This approach provides a detailed description of the geographic pattern of the gravity variations, which are accurately mapped thanks to the regular spatial coverage of high‐accuracy satellite data and arise from lateral density changes within the planet. First, gravity gradients are defined at different spatial scales in spherical frames, which are rotated along the radial axis according to the orientation of the source. The sensitivity of these gradients to the mass distribution inside a spherical Earth is described and analytical expressions relating the source to the observable are introduced. Then, the gravity gradients responses at different spatial scales to flat, elementary mass sources located at the surface and at increasing depth are studied. Specifically, the paper investigates how a source width and orientation can be determined, for localized and oscillatory mass anomalies with different width‐to‐length aspect ratios. This theoretical case study aims at providing a basis for the analysis of more complex mass structures, when applying the presented method to static or time‐varying satellite gravity field models. It may help deciphering the nature of the gravity sources by the detection of meaningful geometries and orientations in the gravity field. Numéro de notice : A2018-655 Affiliation des auteurs : Géodésie (mi2018-2019) Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1029/2018JB016717 date de publication en ligne : 05/12/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016717 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93520 [article]

Migrating pattern of deformation prior to the Tohoku-Oki earthquake revealed by GRACE data / Isabelle Panet in Nature geoscience, vol 11 n° 5 (May 2018)  

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High performance clocks and gravity field determination / Jurgen Müller in Space Science Reviews, vol 214 n° 1 (February 2018)  

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Détermination du géopotentiel à haute résolution spatiale / Guillaume Lion (2018) 

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GRACE gravitational signature of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake / Isabelle Panet (2018)

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Mass redistributions of the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake from GRACE / Isabelle Panet (2018)

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Optimization of atomic clock locations for the geopotential determination from gravimetric network / Guillaume Lion (2018)

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MICROSCOPE mission: First results of a space test of the equivalence principle / Pierre Touboul in Physical Review Letters, vol 119 n° 3 (December 2017)  

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Determination of a high spatial resolution geopotential model using atomic clock comparisons / Guillaume Lion in Journal of geodesy, vol 91 n° 6 (June 2017)    

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Multi-scale modeling of Earth's gravity field in space and time / Shuo Wang in Journal of geodynamics, vol 106 (May 2017)  

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Fast computation of general forward gravitation problems / Fabien Casenave in Journal of geodesy, vol 90 n° 7 (July 2016)  

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