Centre dedocumentation
scientifique

Dépouillements

Using participatory computer simulation to explore the process of urban evolution / J. Dearden in Transactions in GIS, vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011) . - pp 273 - 289 Titre : Using participatory computer simulation to explore the process of urban evolution Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : J. Dearden, Auteur ; A. Wilson, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp 273 - 289 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG [Termes IGN] croissance urbaine [Termes IGN] géographie humaine [Termes IGN] interactivité [Termes IGN] simulation dynamique [Termes IGN] système d'information géographique [Termes IGN] urbanisation [Termes IGN] visualisation de données [Termes IGN] Yorkshire (Angleterre) Résumé : (Auteur) When planners intervene in urban systems they seek in part to generate a positive response from those parts of a city outside of their control, namely the private market and private individuals. This response is difficult to predict due to the fact that the city is a nonlinear system of organized complexity. Models of cities which seek to explain this response are necessarily complicated and dynamic. Where an analytical solution is not possible we turn to computer simulation and interactive visualization in order to understand their output. Allowing human participation in such simulations provides a sandbox in which to experiment with the dynamic behaviour of an urban model and play a part in its evolution. Two possible options for structuring this participation are: (1) toy retail systems, which allow unconstrained experimentation, and (2) games, which impose rules and involve role-play and competition. To explore these ideas we construct a toy retail system and a two-player retail game, both of which are derived from an existing agent-based retail model. We explore the application of these systems to the metropolitan county of South Yorkshire in the UK. Numéro de notice : A2011-224 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01257.x Date de publication en ligne : 06/06/2011 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01257.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31002 [article]

Automatic classification of retail spaces from a large scale topographic database / William A Mackaness in Transactions in GIS, vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011) . - pp 291 - 307 Titre : Automatic classification of retail spaces from a large scale topographic database Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : William A Mackaness, Auteur ; Omair Chaudhry, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp 291 - 307 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] base de données topographiques [Termes IGN] classification automatique [Termes IGN] classification bayesienne [Termes IGN] classification floue [Termes IGN] commerce de détail [Termes IGN] grande échelle Résumé : (Auteur) There is considerable interest in understanding the distribution patterns of different types of retail space, over time, and doing so at a national scale. Yet a lack of suitable data, coupled with poor classification schemas, has stymied efforts to create such a national perspective. This research reports on metrics and classification methodologies that have been applied to large scale topographic data, that afford a systematic classification of certain retail spaces potentially at the national coverage. By analysing the form, composition, extent and patterns of buildings within retail spaces, together with their degree of centrality and levels of access, we demonstrate that it is possible to classify different types of retail space. The research illustrates the utility of fine scale topographic data beyond mere mapping. The article compares three methodologies used for classification (Boolean, fuzzy logic and Bayesian modelling) and evaluates them through comparison with known locations of various retail types as a way of assessing the validity of these approaches. The quality of the results are good, though the work highlights the inconsistency in definitions that currently exist – reflecting, as much as anything, the shifting sands of definitions of various retail spaces that ebb and flow according to consumer needs, and the ambitions of urban planners. Numéro de notice : A2011-225 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01259.x Date de publication en ligne : 06/06/2011 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01259.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31003 [article]

A comparison of fuzzy AHP and ideal point methods for evaluating land suitability / M. Elaalem in Transactions in GIS, vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011) . - pp 329 - 346 Titre : A comparison of fuzzy AHP and ideal point methods for evaluating land suitability Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : M. Elaalem, Auteur ; Peter F. Fisher, Auteur ; A. Comber, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp 329 - 346 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] analyse comparative [Termes IGN] classification automatique [Termes IGN] cultures irriguées [Termes IGN] outil d'aide à la décision [Termes IGN] pertinence [Termes IGN] processus de hiérarchisation analytique Résumé : (Auteur) This article compares two fuzzy approaches to land suitability evaluations, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Ideal Point. The methods were evaluated using a case study which models the opportunities for wheat production under irrigation conditions in the north-western region of Jeffara Plain, Libya. A number of relevant soil and landscape criteria were identified through a review of the literature and their weights specified as a result of discussions with local experts. The results of the Fuzzy AHP showed that the majority of the study area has membership values to the set of suitability between 0.40 and 0.50, while the results of the Ideal Point approach revealed most of the study area to have membership values between 0.30 and 0.40. While the Fuzzy AHP and Ideal Point approaches accommodate the continuous nature of many soil properties and produce more intuitive distributions of land suitabilities values, the Fuzzy AHP approach was found to be better than Fuzzy Ideal Point. This was due to the latter's tendency to be biased towards positive and negative ideal values. Numéro de notice : A2011-226 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01260.x Date de publication en ligne : 06/06/2011 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01260.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31004 [article]

Giving the ‘right’ route directions : the requirements for pedestrian navigation systems / C. Schroder in Transactions in GIS, vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011) . - pp 419 - 438 Titre : Giving the ‘right’ route directions : the requirements for pedestrian navigation systems Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : C. Schroder, Auteur ; B. Gittings, Auteur ; William A Mackaness, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp 419 - 438 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] classification [Termes IGN] détection automatique [Termes IGN] itinéraire [Termes IGN] milieu urbain [Termes IGN] navigation pédestre [Termes IGN] point d'intérêt [Termes IGN] point de repère Résumé : (Auteur) It is more natural and effective to include a variety of landmarks when providing route directions. Many of the existing solutions, however, behave like car navigation systems and do not include references to such landmarks. This research provides empirical evidence to identify the information requirements for an automated pedestrian navigation system. The two experiments discussed within this article helped identify the criteria that govern the relative saliency of features of interest within an urban environment. There are a large variety of features of interest that can be used as directional aids within route descriptions (buildings, statues, monuments, hills, roads, etc). Different measures are therefore required in order to calculate the saliency of the different classes of features. The research revealed that the most important measures of saliency include name, size, age, and colour. The research confirmed that that relative visibility and the direction of approach to the feature also affect a landmark's saliency. The research also highlighted the role that features of interest play in reorientation, confirmatory, and direction-giving tasks. Numéro de notice : A2011-227 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01266.x Date de publication en ligne : 06/06/2011 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01266.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31005 [article]

A GIS-based approach in support of an assessment of food safety risks / L. Beni in Transactions in GIS, vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011)  

Public [article]  inTransactions in GIS > vol 15 n° 3 (July 2011) . - pp 95 - 108 Titre : A GIS-based approach in support of an assessment of food safety risks Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : L. Beni, Auteur ; D. Leblanc, Auteur ; S. Villeneuve, Auteur ; P. Delaquis, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp 95 - 108 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG [Termes IGN] alimentation [Termes IGN] analyse multicritère [Termes IGN] ArcGIS [Termes IGN] contamination [Termes IGN] risque sanitaire [Termes IGN] vulnérabilité Résumé : (Auteur) A Geographical Information System (GIS)-based approach was developed for the identification of vulnerabilities and the measurement of risks associated with contamination of food systems with biological agents. In this research work, a tight integration of ArcGIS with the Arena simulation tool has been implemented. Arena was used to simulate and track contamination in a food distribution network and transmit the time dependent information to GIS. ArcGIS was employed to provide the primary user interface, process network data, and visualize the results. In addition, the GIS, through its powerful capabilities to process spatial data, could allow decision-makers to quickly determine the potential impact of a contamination event, at any stage, as a function of both time and geography. Two contamination scenarios along the farm-to-fork chain were examined to show the geographic zone and the proportion of the population affected by the contamination. A constraint Voronoi data structure was developed to define influence zones (these were color coded according to a dynamic risk index), to identify those areas that are at greatest immediate risk as time progresses, and to estimate the population affected by these contamination events. This approach thus appears to have general application to many GIS-based risk assessment problems. Numéro de notice : A2011-252 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01264.x En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2011.01264.x Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31030 [article]