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ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission : mission performance and operations / S. Mecklenburg in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012) . - pp 1354 - 1366 Titre : ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission : mission performance and operations Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : S. Mecklenburg, Auteur ; M. Drusch, Auteur ; Yann H. Kerr, Auteur ; J. Font, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 1354 - 1366 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Acquisition d'image(s) et de donnée(s) [Termes IGN] image SMOS [Termes IGN] interférence [Termes IGN] mission spatiale [Termes IGN] performance [Termes IGN] SMOS [Termes IGN] température de luminance Résumé : (Auteur) The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was launched on the 2nd of November 2009. The first six months after launch, the so-called commissioning phase, were dedicated to test the functionalities of the spacecraft, the instrument, and the ground segment including the data processors. This phase was successfully completed in May 2010, and SMOS has since been in the routine operations phase and providing data products to the science community for over a year. The performance of the instrument has been within specifications. A parallel processing chain has been providing brightness temperatures in near-real time to operational centers, e.g., the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Data quality has been within specifications; however, radio-frequency interference (RFI) has been detected over large parts of Europe, China, Southern Asia, and the Middle East. Detecting and flagging contaminated observations remains a challenge as well as contacting national authorities to localize and eliminate RFI sources emitting in the protected band. The generation of Level 2 soil moisture and ocean salinity data is an ongoing activity with continuously improved processors. This article will summarize the mission status after one year of operations and present selected first results. Numéro de notice : A2012-205 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2187666 Date de publication en ligne : 03/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2187666 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31652 [article]

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Radiometric performance of the SMOS reference radiometers-assessment after one year of operation / J. Kainulainen in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012) . - pp 1367 - 1383 Titre : Radiometric performance of the SMOS reference radiometers-assessment after one year of operation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : J. Kainulainen, Auteur ; A. Collandier, Auteur ; J. Closa, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 1367 - 1383 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] antenne synthétique [Termes IGN] étalonnage de capteur (imagerie) [Termes IGN] performance [Termes IGN] qualité radiométrique (image) [Termes IGN] radiomètre à hyperfréquence [Termes IGN] température de luminance Résumé : (Auteur) In this paper, we present an analysis of the radiometric performance of the three 1.4-GHz noise injection radiometers of the European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite. The units measure the antenna temperature, which contributes to the average brightness temperature level of SMOS retrievals. We assess the radiometric resolution of the receivers, the similarity between their measurements, and their thermal stability. For these purposes, we use SMOS measurement data gathered during the first year of the orbital operations of the satellite, which was launched in November 2009. The main results from the analysis are that the units meet the design requirements with a margin. Also, we present a new thermal model for the radiometers to further enhance their stability. Numéro de notice : A2012-206 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2177273 Date de publication en ligne : 24/01/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2177273 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31653 [article]

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A first set of techniques to detect radio frequency interferences and mitigate their impact on SMOS data / R. Castro in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012) . - pp 1440 - 1447 Titre : A first set of techniques to detect radio frequency interferences and mitigate their impact on SMOS data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : R. Castro, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 1440 - 1447 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Acquisition d'image(s) et de donnée(s) [Termes IGN] détection automatique [Termes IGN] détection du signal [Termes IGN] image SMOS [Termes IGN] interférence Résumé : (Auteur) The presence of radio frequency interferences (RFIs) in the data collected by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission led by the European Space Agency is larger than what was anticipated, and it has a strong impact on the retrieval of these geophysical parameters. The first efforts to deal with this problem were proposed by DEIMOS Engenharia in the Level 1 Prototype Processor released in November 2010, and they are also a part of its latest versions. DEIMOS focused on three key aspects to detect the RFIs, to mitigate these sources, and to flag the data in SMOS products affected by RFIs. The detection algorithm is based on a statistic approach that computes the most probable position of the RFI source based on multiangular observations made by SMOS. The mitigation algorithm has been designed taking as reference the existing technique to remove the sun effect. The mechanism to flag the data has been developed in cooperation with the European Space Agency and consists in flagging geolocated pixels according to the strength of the RFI. In this paper, three algorithms will be presented, as well as their results. For completion, a high-level description of the data processing for SMOS is also a part of this text. Numéro de notice : A2012-207 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2179304 Date de publication en ligne : 16/01/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2179304 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31654 [article]

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Evaluation of SMOS soil moisture products over continental U.S. using the SCAN/SNOTEL network / A. Al Bitar in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012) . - pp 1572 - 1586 Titre : Evaluation of SMOS soil moisture products over continental U.S. using the SCAN/SNOTEL network Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : A. Al Bitar, Auteur ; D. Leroux, Auteur ; Yann H. Kerr, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 1572 - 1586 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image [Termes IGN] bande L [Termes IGN] Etats-Unis [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] image SMOS [Termes IGN] validation des données [Termes IGN] zone humide Résumé : (Auteur) The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite has opened the era of soil moisture products from passive L-band observations. In this paper, validation of SMOS products over continental U.S. is done by using the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN)/SNOwpack TELemetry (SNOTEL) soil moisture monitoring stations. The SMOS operational products and the SMOS reprocessing products are both used and compared over year 2010. First, a direct node-to-site comparison is performed by taking advantage of the oversampling of the SMOS product grid. The comparison is performed over several adjacent nodes to site, and several representative couples of site-node are identified. The impact of forest fraction is shown through the analysis of different cases across the U.S. Also, the impact of water fraction is shown through two examples in Florida and in Utah close to Great Salt Lake. A radiometric aggregation approach based on the antenna footprint and spatial description is used. A global comparison of the SCAN/SNOTEL versus SMOS is made. Statistics show an underestimation of the soil moisture from SMOS compared to the SCAN/SNOTEL local measurements. The results suggest that SMOS meets the mission requirement of 0.04 m3/m3 over specific nominal cases, but differences are observed over many sites and need to be addressed. Numéro de notice : A2012-208 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2186581 Date de publication en ligne : 04/04/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2186581 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31655 [article]

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Validation of the SMOS L2 soil moisture data in the REMEDHUS network (Spain) / N. Sanchez in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012) . - pp 1602 - 1611 Titre : Validation of the SMOS L2 soil moisture data in the REMEDHUS network (Spain) Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : N. Sanchez, Auteur ; J. Martinez-Fernandez, Auteur ; A. Scaini, Auteur ; C. Perez-Gutierrez, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 1602 - 1611 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image radar et applications [Termes IGN] analyse comparative [Termes IGN] Espagne [Termes IGN] humidité du sol [Termes IGN] image SMOS [Termes IGN] réseau de contrôle [Termes IGN] salinité [Termes IGN] validation des données [Termes IGN] zone humide Résumé : (Auteur) The Level 2 soil moisture products from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission have been re- leased. The data must be validated under different scenarios of biophysical and climatic conditions. For the current study, the data from January to December 2010 from 20 in situ soil moisture stations from the REMEDHUS soil moisture measurement station network (Spain) were used. A comparison analysis was carried out in terms of the soil moisture content, its spatial variability, and temporal stability. The results show an acceptable level of agreement (R = 0.73, RMSD = 0.069 m3 · m-3, and bias = 0.053 m3 · m-3) between the in situ and satellite data. A slight constant underestimation from the SMOS data set was detected. A centered (bias removed) root-mean-square difference was calculated to account for this persistent bias (RMSDc = 0.044 m3 · m-3). This result is close to the SMOS accuracy objective of 0.04 m3 · m-3. Two conclusions can be drawn: First, SMOS is close to meet the mission accuracy requirements in REMEDHUS, and second, SMOS is able to detect temporal anomalies and the temporal evolution of ground soil moisture, even though the soil moisture was slightly underestimated. Despite a noticeably reduced spatial variability among the SMOS grid cells, the remotely sensed soil moisture shows a spatial pattern of the soil moisture fields on the area scale, in agreement with the site-specific characteristics of REMEDHUS. No differences were found between the use of ascending and descending orbits. In addition, no differences were detected between the use of time-overpass values of in situ soil moisture and that of the daily average. Numéro de notice : A2012-209 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2170177 Date de publication en ligne : 02/11/2011 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2170177 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31656 [article]

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Overview of the first SMOS sea surface salinity products. Part 1: quality assessment for the second half of 2010 / N. Reul in IEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012)  

Public [article]  inIEEE Transactions on geoscience and remote sensing > vol 50 n° 5 Tome 1 (May 2012) . - pp 1636 - 1647 Titre : Overview of the first SMOS sea surface salinity products. Part 1: quality assessment for the second half of 2010 Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : N. Reul, Auteur ; J. Tenerelli, Auteur ; J. Boutin, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp 1636 - 1647 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Acquisition d'image(s) et de donnée(s) [Termes IGN] eau de mer [Termes IGN] image SMOS [Termes IGN] qualité des données [Termes IGN] salinité [Termes IGN] température de luminance Résumé : (Auteur) Multi-angular images of the brightness temperature (TB) of the Earth at 1.4 GHz are reconstructed from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite sensor data since end 2009. Sea surface salinity (SSS) products remote sensing from space is being attempted using these data over the world oceans. The quality of the first version of the European Space Agency operational Level 2 (L2) SSS swath products is assessed in this paper, using satellite/in situ SSS data match-ups that were collected over the second half of 2010. This database reveals that 95% of the SMOS L2 products show a global error standard deviation on the order of ~ 1.3 practical salinity scale. Simple spatiotemporal aggregation of the L2 products to generate monthly SSS maps at 1° x 1° spatial resolution reduces the error down to about 0.6 globally and 0.4 in the tropics for 90% of the data. Several major problems are, however, detected in the products. Systematically, SMOS SSS data are biased within a ~ 1500 km wide belt along the world coasts and sea ice edges, with a contamination intensity and spread varying from ascending to descending passes. Numerous world ocean areas are permanently or intermittently contaminated by radio-frequency interferences, particularly in the northern high latitudes and following Asia coastlines. Moreover, temporal drifts in the retrieved SSS fields are found with varying signatures in ascending and descending passes. In descending passes, a time-dependent strong latitudinal bias is found, with maximum amplitude reached at the end of the year. Errors in the forward modeling of the wind-induced emissivity and of the sea surface scattered galactic sources are as well identified, biasing the SSS retrievals at high and low winds and when the galactic equator sources are reflected toward the sensor. Numéro de notice : A2012-210 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2188408 Date de publication en ligne : 23/03/2012 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2188408 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31657 [article]

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