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Dépouillements
Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierTowards a general theory of geographic representation in GIS / Michael F. Goodchild in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007)
Titre : Towards a general theory of geographic representation in GIS Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Michael F. Goodchild, Auteur ; M. Yuan, Auteur ; T.J. Cova, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 239 - 260 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées
[Termes IGN] continuité géographique
[Termes IGN] discrétisation
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] modèle orienté objet
[Termes IGN] objet géographique
[Termes IGN] quantité continue
[Termes IGN] quantité discrète
[Termes IGN] représentation continueRésumé : (Auteur) Geographic representation has become more complex through time as researchers have added new concepts, leading to apparently endless proliferation and creating a need for simplification. We show that many of these concepts can be derived from a single foundation that we term the atomic form of geographic information. The familiar concepts of continuous fields and discrete objects can be derived under suitable rules applied to the properties and values of the atomic form. Fields and objects are further integrated through the concept of phase space, and in the form of field objects. A second atomic concept is introduced, termed the geo-dipole, and shown to provide a foundation for object fields, metamaps, and the association classes of object-oriented data modelling. Geographic dynamics are synthesized in a three-dimensional space defined by static or dynamic object shape, the possibility of movement, and the possibility of dynamic internal structure. The atomic form also provides a tentative argument that discrete objects and continuous fields are the only possible bases for geographic representation. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-110 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600965271 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600965271 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28473
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 239 - 260[article]Réservation
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Titre : Towards spatial data quality information analysis tools for experts assessing the fitness for use of spatial data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Rodolphe Devillers, Auteur ; Robert Jeansoulin, Auteur ; Bruno Moulin, Auteur ; Yvan Bédard, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 261 - 282 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Infrastructure de données
[Termes IGN] données localisées
[Termes IGN] indicateur de qualité
[Termes IGN] métadonnées
[Termes IGN] métadonnées géographiques
[Termes IGN] qualité des données
[Termes IGN] SOLAP
[Termes IGN] tableau de bord
[Termes IGN] visualisation de donnéesRésumé : (Auteur) Geospatial data users increasingly face the need to assess how datasets fit an intended use. However, information describing data quality is typically difficult to access and understand. Therefore, data quality is often neglected by users, leading to risks of misuse. Understanding data quality is a complex task that may involve thousands of partially related metadata. For complex cases where heterogeneous datasets have to be integrated, there is a need for tools supporting data quality analysis. This paper presents the design of such a tool that can manage heterogeneous data quality information and provide functions to support expert users in the assessment of the fitness for use of a given dataset. Combining concepts from GIS and Business Intelligence, this approach provides interactive, multi-granularity and context-sensitive spatial data quality indicators that help experts to build and justify their opinions. A prototype called the Multidimensional User Manual is presented to illustrate this approach. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-111 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600911879 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600911879 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28474
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 261 - 282[article]Réservation
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Titre : Mesh simplification for building typification Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Dirk Burghardt, Auteur ; A. Cecconi, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 283 - 298 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées
[Termes IGN] bati
[Termes IGN] carte de Kohonen
[Termes IGN] généralisation du bâti
[Termes IGN] maillage
[Termes IGN] simplification de maillage
[Termes IGN] typificationRésumé : (Auteur) This paper describes an approach for the typification of buildings using a mesh-simplification technique. The approach is adapted from the area of computer graphics and was originally developed for surface reconstruction and mesh simplification. The main goal was to develop an algorithm which creates fast and reproducible results. The typification procedure is modelled as a two-stage process, with the steps 'positioning' and 'representation'. While the positioning step determines the number and the position of the building objects based on Delaunay triangulation, the representation step is used to calculate the size and orientation for the replacement buildings. The results presented show the important influence of weights during positioning steps to control the object distribution. The proposed parameters are the number of objects as well as several object characteristics such as size, shape, orientation, and semantic. The approach has to be extended, if building alignments are also to be preserved. Further applications are imaginable, for instance the icon placement on dynamic maps. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-112 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600912323 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600912323 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28475
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 283 - 298[article]Réservation
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Titre : Global and local spatial indices of urban segregation Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : F.F. Feitosa, Auteur ; G. Camara, Auteur ; A.M. Monteiro, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 299 - 323 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] Brésil
[Termes IGN] données socio-économiques
[Termes IGN] indicateur spatialRésumé : (Auteur) Urban segregation has received increasing attention in the literature due to the negative impacts that it has on urban populations. Indices of urban segregation are useful instruments for understanding the problem as well as for setting up public policies. The usefulness of spatial segregation indices depends on their ability to account for the spatial arrangement of population and to show how segregation varies across the city. This paper proposes global spatial indices of segregation that capture interaction among population groups at different scales. We also decompose the global indices to obtain local spatial indices of segregation, which enable visualization and exploration of segregation patterns. We propose the use of statistical tests to determine the significance of the indices. The proposed indices are illustrated using an artificial dataset and a case study of socio-economic segregation in São José dos Campos (SP, Brazil). Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-113 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600911903 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600911903 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28476
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 299 - 323[article]Réservation
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Titre : Evaluating the uncertainty caused by Post Office Box addresses in environmental health studies: A restricted Monte Carlo approach Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : X. Shi, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 325 - 340 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] analyse de groupement
[Termes IGN] centroïde
[Termes IGN] géocodage par adresse postale
[Termes IGN] incertitude de position
[Termes IGN] méthode de Monte-Carlo
[Termes IGN] New Hampshire (Etats-Unis)
[Termes IGN] polygone
[Termes IGN] simulationRésumé : (Auteur) A Monte Carlo approach is used to evaluate the uncertainty caused by incorporating Post Office Box (PO Box) addresses in point-cluster detection for an environmental-health study. Placing PO Box addresses at the centroids of postcode polygons in conventional geocoding can introduce significant error into a cluster analysis of the point data generated from them. In the restricted Monte Carlo method I presented in this paper, an address that cannot be matched to a precise location is assigned a random location within the smallest polygon believed to contain that address. These random locations are then combined with the locations of precisely matched addresses, and the resulting dataset is used for performing cluster analysis. After repeating this randomization-and-analysis process many times, one can use the variance in the calculated cluster evaluation statistics to estimate the uncertainty caused by the addresses that cannot be precisely matched. This method maximizes the use of the available spatial information, while also providing a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty in that utilization. The method is applied to lung-cancer data from Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA, in which the PO Box addresses account for more than half of the address dataset. The results show that less than 50% of the detected cluster area can be considered to have high certainty. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-114 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600924211 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600924211 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28477
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 325 - 340[article]Réservation
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Titre : Raster-network regionalization for watershed data processing Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : T.L. Whiteaker, Auteur ; D.R. Maidment, Auteur ; H. Gopalan, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 341 - 353 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image
[Termes IGN] ArcGIS
[Termes IGN] bassin hydrographique
[Termes IGN] données maillées
[Termes IGN] modèle hydrographique
[Termes IGN] régionalisation (segmentation)
[Termes IGN] Rio Grande (fleuve)
[Termes IGN] Texas (Etats-Unis)
[Termes IGN] variable régionaliséeRésumé : (Auteur) Difficulties exist in calculating watershed parameters from raster datasets over large regions because of the excessive computation time involved. A technique is presented which divides a large region into hydrologically distinct subregions, in each of which raster analyses are performed, in order to efficiently process large raster datasets. The results of raster analyses are stored as attributes on the resulting vector data. The vector data are then merged, and appropriate values accumulated to obtain regional parameter values for points of interest along the stream network. The technique, called Raster-Network Regionalization, uses the vector stream network as the backbone for the integration of subregions into a single region. A case study is presented which utilizes the technique to prepare geospatial inputs for the Water Rights Analysis Package simulation model. Numéro de notice : A2007-115 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600965255 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600965255 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28478
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 341 - 353[article]Réservation
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Titre : Local statistical spatial analysis [LoSSA]: Inventory and prospect Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : B. Boots, Auteur ; Atsuyuki Okabe, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 355 - 375 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] exploration de données géographiques
[Termes IGN] géostatistique
[Termes IGN] jeu de données localiséesRésumé : (Auteur) The past decade has witnessed extensive development of measures that examine characteristics of spatial subsets (local spaces) defined with respect to a complete data set (global space). Such procedures have evolved independently in fields such as geography, GIS, cartography, remote sensing, and landscape ecology. Collectively, we label these procedures as local spatial methods. We focus on those methods that share a common goal of identifying subsets whose characteristics are statistically 'significant' in some way. We propose the concept of local spatial statistical analysis (LoSSA) both as an integrative structure for existing methods and as a framework that facilitates the development of new local and global statistics. By formalizing what is involved when a particular local statistic is used, LoSSA helps to reveal the key features and limitations of the procedure. These include a consideration of the nature of the spatial subsets, their spatial relationship to the complete data set, and the relationship between a given global statistic and the corresponding local statistics computed for the data set. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-116 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810601034267 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810601034267 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28479
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 355 - 375[article]Réservation
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Titre : Formalizing natural-language spatial relations between linear objects with topological and metric properties Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jingsi Xu, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 377 - 395 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées
[Termes IGN] ArcGIS
[Termes IGN] caractérisation
[Termes IGN] espace métrique
[Termes IGN] espace topologique
[Termes IGN] formalisation
[Termes IGN] interface utilisateur
[Termes IGN] langage naturel (informatique)
[Termes IGN] objet géographique linéaire
[Termes IGN] relation topologique
[Termes IGN] requête spatialeRésumé : (Auteur) People usually use qualitative terms to express spatial relations, while current geographic information systems (GISs) all use quantitative approaches to store spatial information. The abilities of current GISs to represent and query spatial information about geographic space are limited. Based on the result of a human-subject test of natural-language descriptions of spatial relations between linear geographic objects, this paper defines a series of quantitative indices that are related to natural-language spatial relation terms, and uses these indices to formalize the ambiguous natural-language representation with a decision-tree algorithm. The result indicates that using both topological indices and metric indices can formalize the natural-language spatial predicates better than using only topological indices. The rules extracted from the trees are used to characterize the spatial relations into qualitative description groups. Using these rules, a prototype of an intelligent natural-language interface for the ESRI software ArcGIS that can query spatial relations between two linear objects in natural English language is implemented using SNePS (the Semantic Network Processing System). Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-117 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810600894323 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810600894323 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28480
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 377 - 395[article]Réservation
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Titre : A system of types and operators for handling vague spatial objects Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : A. Dilo, Auteur ; A. De By Rolf, Auteur ; Alfred Stein, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 397 - 426 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Bases de données localisées
[Termes IGN] imprécision des données
[Termes IGN] manipulation de données
[Termes IGN] modèle conceptuel de données localisées
[Termes IGN] objet géographique
[Termes IGN] relation topologique
[Termes IGN] sous ensemble flouRésumé : (Auteur) Vagueness is often present in spatial phenomena. Representing and analysing vague spatial phenomena requires vague objects and operators, whereas current GIS and spatial databases can only handle crisp objects. This paper provides mathematical definitions for vague object types and operators. The object types that we propose are a set of simple types, a set of general types, and vague partitions. The simple types represent identifiable objects of a simple structure, i.e. not divisible into components. They are vague points, vague lines, and vague regions. The general types represent classes of simple type objects. They are vague multipoint, vague multiline, and vague multiregion. General types assure closure under set operators. Simple and general types are defined as fuzzy sets in ?2 satisfying specific properties that are expressed in terms of topological notions. These properties assure that set membership values change mostly gradually, allowing stepwise jumps. The type vague partition is a collection of vague multiregions that might intersect each other only at their transition boundaries. It allows for a soft classification of space. All types allow for both a finite and an infinite number of transition levels. They include crisp objects as special cases. We consider a standard set of operators on crisp objects and define them for vague objects. We provide definitions for operators returning spatial types. They are regularized fuzzy set operators: union, intersection, and difference; two operators from topology: boundary and frontier; and two operators on vague partitions: overlay and fusion. Other spatial operators, topological predicates and metric operators, are introduced giving their intuition and example definitions. All these operators include crisp operators as special cases. Types and operators provided in this paper form a model for a spatial data system that can handle vague information. The paper is illustrated with an application of vague objects in coastal erosion. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-118 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/INFORMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810601037096 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810601037096 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28481
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 397 - 426[article]Réservation
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Titre : NET-DBSCAN: clustering the nodes of a dynamic linear network Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Emmanuel Stefanakis, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 427 - 442 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] analyse de groupement
[Termes IGN] analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] exploration de données géographiques
[Termes IGN] graphe
[Termes IGN] Java (langage de programmation)
[Termes IGN] noeud
[Termes IGN] segmentationRésumé : (Auteur) NET-DBSCAN, a method for clustering the nodes of a linear network, whose edges may be temporarily inaccessible, is introduced. The new method extends the idea of a well-known spatial clustering method, named density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). The new algorithm is described in detail and through a series of examples. A prototype system, which implements the algorithm, developed in Java and tested through a series of synthetic networks, is also presented. Finally, the application of NET-DBSCAN method to support real-world situations is briefly discussed. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-119 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810601034226 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810601034226 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28482
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 427 - 442[article]Réservation
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Titre : An adaptive approach to selecting a flow-partition exponent for a multiple-flow-direction algorithm Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : C. Qin, Auteur ; A - Xing Zhu, Auteur ; Tao Pei, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 443 - 458 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications SIG
[Termes IGN] bassin hydrographique
[Termes IGN] Chine
[Termes IGN] flux
[Termes IGN] modèle numérique de surface
[Termes IGN] partition de surface
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Most multiple-flow-direction algorithms (MFDs) use a flow-partition coefficient (exponent) to determine the fractions draining to all downslope neighbours. The commonly used MFD often employs a fixed exponent over an entire watershed. The fixed coefficient strategy cannot effectively model the impact of local terrain conditions on the dispersion of local flow. This paper addresses this problem based on the idea that dispersion of local flow varies over space due to the spatial variation of local terrain conditions. Thus, the flow-partition exponent of an MFD should also vary over space. We present an adaptive approach for determining the flow-partition exponent based on local topographic attribute which controls local flow partitioning. In our approach, the influence of local terrain on flow partition is modelled by a flow-partition function which is based on local maximum downslope gradient (we refer to this approach as MFD based on maximum downslope gradient, MFD-md for short). With this new approach, a steep terrain which induces a convergent flow condition can be modelled using a large value for the flow-partition exponent. Similarly, a gentle terrain can be modelled using a small value for the flow-partition exponent. MFD-md is quantitatively evaluated using four types of mathematical surfaces and their theoretical 'true' value of Specific Catchment Area (SCA). The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) shows that the error of SCA computed by MFD-md is lower than that of SCA computed by the widely used SFD and MFD algorithms. Application of the new approach using a real DEM of a watershed in Northeast China shows that the flow accumulation computed by MFD-md is better adapted to terrain conditions based on visual judgement. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-120 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810601073240 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810601073240 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28483
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 443 - 458[article]Réservation
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Titre : Extended Hausdorff distance for spatial objects in GIS Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : D. Min, Auteur ; L. Zhilin, Auteur ; C. Xiaoyong, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : pp 459 - 475 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale
[Termes IGN] centroïde
[Termes IGN] distance de Hausdorff
[Termes IGN] distance euclidienne
[Termes IGN] fusion de données multisource
[Termes IGN] indicateur spatial
[Termes IGN] objet géographique
[Termes IGN] système d'information géographiqueRésumé : (Auteur) Distance is a fundamental concept in spatial sciences. Spatial distance is a very important parameter to measure the relative positions between spatial objects and to indicate the degree of similarity between neighbouring objects. Indeed, spatial distance plays an important role in many areas such as neighbourhood analysis, structural similarity measure, image (or object) matching, clustering analysis, and so on. In this paper, existing computational models for the distance between spatial objects are evaluated and their problems pointed out ; then, the concept of the Hausdorff distance is introduced as a metric indicator for different types of spatial objects. This distance is extended to a uniform representation by the introduction of the quantile, leading to the extended Hausdorff distance. Indeed, the so-called extended Hausdorff distance is, in fact, a kind of metric characterized by the minimum distance, the Hausdorff distance, and the median Hausdorff distance. The first two can be used for measuring the dispersion and the last one for measuring the central tendency of the distance distribution between spatial objects. A method termed the b.epsi-buffer has been proposed for the computation of the median Hausdorff distance. Finally, potential applications are discussed. Copyright Taylor & Francis Numéro de notice : A2007-121 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/13658810601073315 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810601073315 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=28484
in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 21 n° 3-4 (march - april 2007) . - pp 459 - 475[article]Réservation
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