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An evolutionary ecology perspective to address forest pathology challenges of today and tomorrow / Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 45 - 67 Titre : An evolutionary ecology perspective to address forest pathology challenges of today and tomorrow Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Auteur ; Jaime Aguayo, Auteur ; Cyril Dutech, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 45 - 67 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes IGN] biologie [Termes IGN] changement climatique [Termes IGN] étude d'impact [Termes IGN] gestion durable [Termes IGN] plantation forestière [Termes IGN] risque naturel [Termes IGN] sylviculture [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) Key message : Increasing human impacts on forests, including unintentional movement of pathogens, climate change, and large-scale intensive plantations, are associated with an unprecedented rate of new diseases. An evolutionary ecology perspective can help address these challenges and provide direction for sustainable forest management. Context : Forest pathology has historically relied on an ecological approach to understand and address the practical management of forest diseases. A widening of this perspective to include evolutionary considerations has been increasingly developed in response to the rising rates of genetic change in both pathogen populations and tree populations due to human activities. Aims : Here, five topics for which the evolutionary perspective is especially relevant are highlighted. Results : The first relates to the evolutionary diversity of fungi and fungal-like organisms, with issues linked to the identification of species and their ecological niches. The second theme deals with the evolutionary processes that allow forest pathogens to adapt to new hosts after introductions or to become more virulent in homogeneous plantations. The third theme presents issues linked to disease resistance in tree breeding programs (e.g., growth-defense trade-offs) and proposes new criteria and methods for more durable resistance. The last two themes are dedicated to the biotic environment of the tree–pathogen system, namely, hyperparasites and tree microbiota, as possible solutions for health management. Conclusion : We conclude by highlighting three major conceptual advances brought by evolutionary biology, i.e., that (i) “not everything is everywhere”, (ii) evolution of pathogen populations can occur on short time scales, and (iii) the tree is a multitrophic community. We further translate these into a framework for immediate policy recommendations and future directions for research. Numéro de notice : A2016-186 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-015-0487-4 Date de publication en ligne : 01/03/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0487-4 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80612 [article]

Forest tree genomics: 10 achievements from the past 10 years and future prospects / Christophe Plomion in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 77 - 103 Titre : Forest tree genomics: 10 achievements from the past 10 years and future prospects Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Christophe Plomion, Auteur ; Catherine Bastien, Auteur ; Marie-Béatrice Bogeat-Triboulot, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 77 - 103 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes IGN] arbre (flore) [Termes IGN] biologie [Termes IGN] état de conservation [Termes IGN] forêt [Termes IGN] génétique [Termes IGN] reproduction (végétation) Résumé : (auteur) Key message : This review highlights some of the discoveries and applications made possible by “omics” technologies over the last 10 years and provides perspectives for pioneering research to increase our understanding of tree biology. Context : A decade after the first forest tree genome sequence was released into the public domain, the rapidly evolving genomics and bioinformatics toolbox has advanced our understanding of the structure, functioning, and evolution of forest tree genomes. Aims and methods : This review highlights some of the discoveries and applications that “omics” technologies have made possible for forest trees over the past 10 years. Results : In this review, we start by our current understanding of genome evolution and intricacies of gene regulation for reproduction, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. We then skim over advances in interactome analysis and epigenomics, the knowledge of the extent of genetic variation within and between species, revealing micro- and macro-evolutionary processes and species history, together with the complex architecture of quantitative traits. We finally end with applications in genetic resource conservation and breeding. Conclusion : The knowledge gained through the use of these technologies has a huge potential impact for adapting forests to the main challenges they will have to face: changing demand from ecosystem services with potentially conflicting strategies in terms of conservation and use, as well as climate changes and associated threats. Genomics will undoubtedly play a major role over the next decade and beyond, not only to further understand the mechanisms underlying adaptation and evolution but also to develop and implement innovative management and policy actions to preserve the adaptability of natural forests and intensively managed plantations. Numéro de notice : A2016-187 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-015-0488-3 Date de publication en ligne : 01/03/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0488-3 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80614 [article]

Can mosses serve as model organisms for forest research? / Stefanie J. Müller in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 119 - 134 Titre : Can mosses serve as model organisms for forest research? Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Stefanie J. Müller, Auteur ; Desirée D. Gütle, Auteur ; Jean-Pierre Jacquot, Auteur ; Ralf Reski, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 119 - 134 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes IGN] biologie [Termes IGN] Bryophyta (mousses) [Termes IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes IGN] génétique Résumé : (auteur) Key message : Based on their impact on many ecosystems, we review the relevance of mosses in research regarding stress tolerance, metabolism, and cell biology. We introduce the potential use of mosses as complementary model systems in molecular forest research, with an emphasis on the most developed model moss Physcomitrella patens. Context and aims : Mosses are important components of several ecosystems. The moss P. patens is a well-established non-vascular model plant with a high amenability to molecular biology techniques and was designated as a JGI plant flagship genome. In this review, we will provide an introduction to moss research and highlight the characteristics of P. patens and other mosses as a potential complementary model system for forest research. Methods : Starting with an introduction into general moss biology, we summarize the knowledge about moss physiology and differences to seed plants. We provide an overview of the current research areas utilizing mosses, pinpointing potential links to tree biology. To complement literature review, we discuss moss advantages and available resources regarding molecular biology techniques. Results and conclusion : During the last decade, many fundamental processes and cell mechanisms have been studied in mosses and seed plants, increasing our knowledge of plant evolution. Additionally, moss-specific mechanisms of stress tolerance are under investigation to understand their resilience in ecosystems. Thus, using the advantages of model mosses such as P. patens is of high interest for various research approaches, including stress tolerance, organelle biology, cell polarity, and secondary metabolism. Numéro de notice : A2016-189 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-015-0468-7 Date de publication en ligne : 01/03/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0468-7 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80615 [article]

New modelling approaches to predict wood properties from its cellular structure: image-based representation and meshless methods / Patrick Perré in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 147 - 162 Titre : New modelling approaches to predict wood properties from its cellular structure: image-based representation and meshless methods Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Patrick Perré, Auteur ; Giana Almeida, Auteur ; Mehdi Ayouz, Auteur ; Xavier Frank, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 147 - 162 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation [Termes IGN] anisotropie [Termes IGN] bois [Termes IGN] caractérisation [Termes IGN] maillage [Termes IGN] représentation des données [Termes IGN] traitement d'image Résumé : (auteur) Key message : The real tissue structure, including local anisotropy directions, is defined from anatomical images of wood. Using this digital representation, thermal/mass diffusivity and mechanical properties (stiffness, large deformation, rupture) are successfully predicted for any anatomical pattern using suitable meshless methods. Introduction : Wood, an engineering material of biological origin, presents a huge variability among and within species. Understanding structure/property relationships in wood would allow engineers to control and benefit from this variability. Several decades of studies in this domain have emphasised the need to account simultaneously for the phase properties and the phase morphology in order to be able to predict wood properties from its anatomical features. This work is focused on the possibilities offered by meshless computational methods to perform upscaling in wood using actual tissue morphologies obtained by microscopic images. Methods : After a section devoted to the representation step, the digital representation of wood anatomy by image processing and grid generation, the papers focuses on three meshless methods applied to predict different macroscopic properties in the transverse plane of wood (spruce earlywood, spruce latewood and poplar): Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) allows thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity to be predicted, Material Point Method (MPM) deals with rigidity and compression at large deformations and peridynamic method is used to predict the fracture pathway in the cellular arrangement. Results : This work proves that the macroscopic properties can be predicted with quite good accuracy using only the cellular structure and published data regarding the cell wall properties. A whole set of results is presented and commented, including the anisotropic ratios between radial and tangential directions. Numéro de notice : A2016-188 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : FORET Nature : Article DOI : 10.1007/s13595-015-0519-0 Date de publication en ligne : 01/03/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0519-0 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=80617 [article]

Editorial: “Fifty years Annals of Forest Science” / Jean-Michel Leban in Annals of Forest Science, vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science > vol 73 n° 1 (March 2016) . - pp 1 - 3 Titre : Editorial: “Fifty years Annals of Forest Science” Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Jean-Michel Leban , Auteur ; Marianne Peiffer, Auteur ; Jean-Daniel Bontemps , Auteur ; Erwin Dreyer, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 1 - 3 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Numéro de notice : A2016--088 Affiliation des auteurs : LIF+Ext (2012-2019) Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtSansCL DOI : 10.1007/s13595-015-0528-z Date de publication en ligne : 20/11/2015 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0528-z Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=84577 [article]