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Generating vague neighbourhoods through data mining of passive web data / Paul Brindley in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 32 n° 3-4 (March - April 2018)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 32 n° 3-4 (March - April 2018) . - pp 498 - 523 Titre : Generating vague neighbourhoods through data mining of passive web data Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Paul Brindley, Auteur ; James Goulding, Auteur ; M. L. Wilson, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 498 - 523 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique web [Termes IGN] adresse postale [Termes IGN] base de données d'adresses [Termes IGN] exploration de données géographiques [Termes IGN] extraction automatique [Termes IGN] limite indéterminée [Termes IGN] recherche d'information géographique [Termes IGN] structure sociale [Termes IGN] voisinage (relation topologique) [Termes IGN] zone urbaine Résumé : (Auteur) Neighbourhoods have been described as ‘the building blocks of public services society’. Their subjective nature, however, and the resulting difficulties in collecting data, means that in many countries there are no officially defined neighbourhoods either in terms of names or boundaries. This has implications not only for policy but also business and social decisions as a whole. With the absence of neighbourhood boundaries many studies resort to using standard administrative units as proxies. Such administrative geographies, however, often have a poor fit with those perceived by residents. Our approach detects these important social boundaries by automatically mining the Web en masse for passively declared neighbourhood data within postal addresses. Focusing on the United Kingdom (UK), this research demonstrates the feasibility of automated extraction of urban neighbourhood names and their subsequent mapping as vague entities. Importantly, and unlike previous work, our process does not require any neighbourhood names to be established a priori. Numéro de notice : A2018-043 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2017.1400549 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1400549 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89264 [article]

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A comparative approach to modelling multiple urban land use changes using tree-based methods and cellular automata: the case of Greater Tokyo Area / Guodong Du in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 32 n° 3-4 (March - April 2018)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 32 n° 3-4 (March - April 2018) . - pp 757 - 782 Titre : A comparative approach to modelling multiple urban land use changes using tree-based methods and cellular automata: the case of Greater Tokyo Area Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Guodong Du, Auteur ; Kong Joo Shin, Auteur ; Liang Yuan, Auteur ; Shunsuke Managi, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 757 - 782 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes IGN] analyse comparative [Termes IGN] automate cellulaire [Termes IGN] changement d'utilisation du sol [Termes IGN] Tokyo (Japon) [Termes IGN] utilisation du sol [Termes IGN] zone urbaine Résumé : (Auteur) Urban multiple land use change (LUC) modelling enables the realistic simulation of LUC processes in complex urban systems; however, such modelling suffers from technical challenges posed by complicated transition rules and high spatial heterogeneity when predicting the LUC of a highly developed area. Tree-based methods are powerful tools for addressing this task, but their predictive capabilities need further examination. This study integrates tree-based methods and cellular automata to simulate multiple LUC processes in the Greater Tokyo Area. We examine the predictive capability of 4 tree-based models – bagged trees, random forests, extremely randomised trees (ERT) and bagged gradient boosting decision trees (bagged GBDT) – on transition probability prediction for 18 land use transitions derived from 8 land use types. We compare the predictive power of a tree-based model with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and among themselves. The results show that tree-based models generally perform better than MLP, and ERT significantly outperforms the three other tree-based models. The outstanding predictive performance of ERT demonstrates the advantages of introducing bagging ensemble and a high degree of randomisation into transition probability modelling. In addition, through variable importance evaluation, we found the strongest explanatory powers of neighbourhood characteristics for all land use transitions; however, the size of the impacts depends on the neighbourhood land use type and the neighbourhood size. Furthermore, socio-economic and policy factors play important roles in transitions ending with high-rise buildings and transitions related to industrial areas. Numéro de notice : A2018-044 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/URBANISME Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2017.1410550 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1410550 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89266 [article]

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Combining land cover products using a minimum divergence and a Bayesian data fusion approach / Sarah Gengler in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 32 n° 3-4 (March - April 2018)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 32 n° 3-4 (March - April 2018) . - pp 806 - 826 Titre : Combining land cover products using a minimum divergence and a Bayesian data fusion approach Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Sarah Gengler, Auteur ; Patrick Bogaert, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 806 - 826 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique [Termes IGN] Belgique [Termes IGN] carte d'occupation du sol [Termes IGN] classification bayesienne [Termes IGN] distance de Kullback-Leibler [Termes IGN] entropie maximale [Termes IGN] entropie relative [Termes IGN] fusion de données [Termes IGN] source de données Résumé : (Auteur) Land cover mapping plays an important role for a wide spectrum of applications that are ranging from climate modeling to food security. However, it is a common case that several and partially conflicting land cover products are available at the same time over a same area, where each product suffers from specific limitations and lack of accuracy. In order to take advantage of the best features of each product while at the same time attenuating their respective weaknesses, this paper is proposing a methodology that allows the user to combine these products together based on a general framework involving maximum entropy/minimum divergence principles, Bayesian data fusion and Bayesian updating. First, information brought by each land cover product is coded in terms of inequality constraints so that a first estimation of their quality can be computed based on a maximum entropy/minimum divergence principle. Information from these various land cover products can then be fused afterwards in a Bayesian framework, leading to a single map with an associated measure of uncertainty. Finally, it is shown how the additional information brought by control data can help improving this fused map through a Bayesian updating procedure. The first part of the paper is briefly presenting the most important theoretical results, while the second part is illustrating the use of this suggested approach for a specific area in Belgium, where five different land cover products are at hand. The benefits and limitations of this approach are finally discussed by the light of the results for this case study. Numéro de notice : A2018-045 Affiliation des auteurs : non IGN Thématique : GEOMATIQUE/MATHEMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2017.1413577 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2017.1413577 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89267 [article]

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