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A thematic mapping method to assess and analyze potential urban hazards and risks caused by flooding / Mohammad Khalid Hossain in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol 79 (January 2020)  

Public [article]  inComputers, Environment and Urban Systems > vol 79 (January 2020) Titre : A thematic mapping method to assess and analyze potential urban hazards and risks caused by flooding Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Mohammad Khalid Hossain, Auteur ; Qingmin Meng, Auteur Année de publication : 2020 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Alabama (Etats-Unis) [Termes descripteurs IGN] aléa [Termes descripteurs IGN] approche hiérarchique [Termes descripteurs IGN] cartographie des risques [Termes descripteurs IGN] catastrophe naturelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] données socio-économiques [Termes descripteurs IGN] ethnographie [Termes descripteurs IGN] inondation [Termes descripteurs IGN] risque naturel [Termes descripteurs IGN] système d'information géographique [Termes descripteurs IGN] vulnérabilité [Termes descripteurs IGN] zone inondable [Termes descripteurs IGN] zone urbaine Résumé : (Auteur) About 30% of the total global economic loss inflicted by natural hazards is caused by flooding. Among them, the most serious situation is urban flooding. Urban impervious surface enhances storm runoff and overwhelms the drainage capacity of the storm sewer system, while the urban socioeconomic characteristics most often exacerbate them even more vulnerable to urban flooding impacts. Currently, there is still a significant knowledge gap of comparable assessment and understanding of minority's and non-minority's vulnerability. Therefore, this study designs a quantitative thematic mapping method–location quotient (LQ), using Birmingham, Alabama, USA as the study area. Urban residents' vulnerability to flooding is then analyzed demographically using LQ with census data. Comparing with the widely used social vulnerability index (SVI), LQ is more robust, which not only provides more detailed measurements of both the minority's and the White's vulnerability, but also shows a direct comparison for all populations with finer information about their potential spatial risk assessment. Although SVI showed the Shades Creek is the most vulnerable area with a SVI value above 0.75, only 228 Hispanic people and 2290 African-American live there that is not a significant aggregation of minorities in Birmingham; however, a total White population 12,872 is identified by LQ with a significant aggregation in the Shades Creek. Overall, LQ suggests that the White populations are highly and significantly concentrated in the flood areas, while SVI never considered the White as vulnerable. LQ further indicates that the concentration of minorities (i.e., 88,895) and vulnerable houses (i.e., 26,235) are much higher compared to the numbers of the minorities and houses indicated by SVI, which are only 11,772 and 8323, respectively. The LQ based thematic mapping, as a promising method for vulnerability assessment of urban hazards and risks, can make a significant contribution to hazard management efforts to reduce urban vulnerability and hence enhance urban resilience to hazards in the future. Numéro de notice : A2020-002 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101417 date de publication en ligne : 14/09/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101417 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93621 [article]

Extracting urban landmarks from geographical datasets using a random forests classifier / Yue Lin in International journal of geographical information science IJGIS, vol 33 n°12 (December 2019)  

Public [article]  inInternational journal of geographical information science IJGIS > vol 33 n°12 (December 2019) . - pp 2406 - 2423 Titre : Extracting urban landmarks from geographical datasets using a random forests classifier Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Yue Lin, Auteur ; Yuyang Cai, Auteur ; Yue Gong, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 2406 - 2423 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géomatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] classification par forêts aléatoires [Termes descripteurs IGN] extraction automatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] gestion des itinéraires [Termes descripteurs IGN] jeu de données localisées [Termes descripteurs IGN] point de repère [Termes descripteurs IGN] précision de la classification [Termes descripteurs IGN] représentation mentale spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] saillance [Termes descripteurs IGN] Shenzhen [Termes descripteurs IGN] ville Résumé : (auteur) Urban landmarks are of significant importance to spatial cognition and route navigation. However, the current landmark extraction methods mainly focus on the visual salience of landmarks and are insufficient for obtaining high extraction accuracy when the size of the geographical dataset varies. This study introduces a random forests (RF) classifier combining with the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) in urban landmark extraction. Both GIS and social sensing data are employed to quantify the structural and cognitive salience of the examined urban features, which are available from basic spatial databases or mainstream web service application programming interfaces (APIs). The results show that the SMOTE-RF model performs well in urban landmark extraction, with the values of recall, precision, F-measure and AUC reaching 0.851, 0.831, 0.841 and 0.841, respectively. Additionally, this method is suitable for both large and small geographical datasets. The ranking of variable importance given by this model further indicates that certain cognitive measures – such as feature class, Weibo popularity and Bing popularity – can serve as crucial factors for determining a landmark. The optimal variable combination for landmark extraction is also acquired, which might provide support for eliminating the variable selection requirement in other landmark extraction methods. Numéro de notice : A2019-426 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1080/13658816.2019.1620238 date de publication en ligne : 28/05/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2019.1620238 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93559 [article]

Comparison between convolutional neural networks and random forest for local climate zone classification in mega urban areas using Landsat images / Cheolhee Yoo in ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing, vol 157 (November 2019)  

Public [article]  inISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing > vol 157 (November 2019) . - pp 155 - 170 Titre : Comparison between convolutional neural networks and random forest for local climate zone classification in mega urban areas using Landsat images Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Cheolhee Yoo, Auteur ; Daehyeon Han, Auteur ; Jungho Im, Auteur ; Benjamin Bechtel, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 155 - 170 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Traitement d'image optique [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse comparative [Termes descripteurs IGN] apprentissage automatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] apprentissage profond [Termes descripteurs IGN] Chicago (Illinois) [Termes descripteurs IGN] classification par forêts aléatoires [Termes descripteurs IGN] classification par réseau neuronal convolutif [Termes descripteurs IGN] climat urbain [Termes descripteurs IGN] Hong-Kong [Termes descripteurs IGN] ilot thermique urbain [Termes descripteurs IGN] image Landsat-8 [Termes descripteurs IGN] Madrid (Espagne) [Termes descripteurs IGN] Rome [Termes descripteurs IGN] World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools [Termes descripteurs IGN] zone urbaine dense Résumé : (Auteur) The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme is a classification system providing a standardization framework to present the characteristics of urban forms and functions, especially for urban heat island (UHI) research. Landsat-based 100 m resolution LCZ maps have been classified by the World Urban Database and Portal Tool (WUDAPT) method using a random forest (RF) machine learning classifier. Some studies have proposed modified RF and convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches. This study aims to compare CNN with an RF classifier for LCZ mapping in great detail. We designed five schemes (three RF-based schemes (S1–S3) and two CNN-based ones (S4–S5)), which consist of various combinations of input features from bitemporal Landsat 8 data over four global mega cities: Rome, Hong Kong, Madrid, and Chicago. Among the five schemes, the CNN-based one with the incorporation of a larger neighborhood information showed the best classification performance. When compared to the WUDAPT workflow, the overall accuracies for entire land cover classes (OA) and for urban LCZ types (i.e., LCZ1-10; OAurb) increased by about 6–8% and 10–13%, respectively, for the four cities. The transferability of LCZ models for the four cities were evaluated, showing that CNN consistently resulted in higher accuracy (increased by about 7–18% and 18–29% for OA and OAurb, respectively) than RF. This study revealed that the CNN classifier classified particularly well for the specific LCZ classes in which buildings were mixed with trees or buildings or plants were sparsely distributed. The research findings can provide a basis for guidance of future LCZ classification using deep learning. Numéro de notice : A2019-495 Thématique : IMAGERIE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.09.009 date de publication en ligne : 19/09/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.09.009 Format de la ressource électronique : URL Article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93728 [article]

Immigration and future housing needs in Switzerland: Agent-based modelling of agglomeration Lausanne / Marcello Marini in Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol 78 (November 2019)  

Public [article]  inComputers, Environment and Urban Systems > vol 78 (November 2019) Titre : Immigration and future housing needs in Switzerland: Agent-based modelling of agglomeration Lausanne Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Marcello Marini, Auteur ; Ndaona Chokani, Auteur ; Reza S. Abhari, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Analyse spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] agglomération [Termes descripteurs IGN] banlieue [Termes descripteurs IGN] croissance urbaine [Termes descripteurs IGN] données spatiotemporelles [Termes descripteurs IGN] immigration [Termes descripteurs IGN] Lausanne [Termes descripteurs IGN] logement [Termes descripteurs IGN] mobilité urbaine [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle numérique du bâti [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle orienté agent [Termes descripteurs IGN] périphérie urbaine [Termes descripteurs IGN] projection perspective [Termes descripteurs IGN] système multi-agents Résumé : (auteur) Immigration accounts for 80% of Switzerland's annual population growth, and therefore profoundly impacts demographics, and the attendant housing needs. As there are different possible future scenarios of immigration that will impact urban transformation in Switzerland, we have developed an agent-based dwellings model that, with reasonable computing time due to the use of the computer architecture of graphical processor units, can simulate for a time horizon of decades, the annual evolution of millions of individually characterised households. This dwellings model is coupled to an agent-based population model that simulates millions of individual population agents. We simulate different immigration scenarios, up to 2035, in the Swiss agglomeration of Lausanne. It is shown that the building capacity of the city of Lausanne will reach a limit in 2022, subsequently leading to more rapid growth in the periphery of the agglomeration Lausanne. The construction of new residential dwellings consists primarily of smaller apartments that are more attractive to the demographic of smaller households; this demographic tends to move to the periphery. As families tend to move towards the city centre due to the availability of services, the city and periphery show opposite evolutions over time in the numbers of family households compared to numbers of singles and couples households. The periphery requires an increase in the number and typology of services targeted at the growing demographic of smaller households. Further as most workplaces are still be located in the city centre, the planned improvement of transportation infrastructure in the agglomeration should primarily focus on improved access to the periphery. These observations underline the profound impact of the typology of immigration on the demand for suitable housing, and thus on urban development. Numéro de notice : A2019-413 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101400 date de publication en ligne : 01/09/2019 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101400 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93538 [article]

Les eaux de pluie maîtrisées ou en excès / Pierre Clergeot in Géomètre, n° 2173 (octobre 2019)

Public [article]  inGéomètre > n° 2173 (octobre 2019) . - pp 32 - 47 Titre : Les eaux de pluie maîtrisées ou en excès Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Pierre Clergeot, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 32 - 47 Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Hydrologie [Termes descripteurs IGN] aquifère [Termes descripteurs IGN] bassin hydrographique [Termes descripteurs IGN] carte topographique [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] collectivité territoriale [Termes descripteurs IGN] cours d'eau [Termes descripteurs IGN] données météorologiques [Termes descripteurs IGN] drainage [Termes descripteurs IGN] eau pluviale [Termes descripteurs IGN] écoulement des eaux [Termes descripteurs IGN] gestion de l'eau [Termes descripteurs IGN] inondation [Termes descripteurs IGN] précipitation [Termes descripteurs IGN] prévention des risques [Termes descripteurs IGN] réseau d'assainissement [Termes descripteurs IGN] ruissellement [Termes descripteurs IGN] talweg [Termes descripteurs IGN] terminologie [Termes descripteurs IGN] urbanisme [Termes descripteurs IGN] zone humide [Termes descripteurs IGN] zone urbaine Note de contenu : - Connaître le relief pour faire face - Eaux pluviales et eaux de ruissellement - La maîtrise des risques dus au ruissellement - Les pluies intenses et la mesure des précipitations - La hiérarchie des pluies,un vocabulaire à préciser - Les bassins versants et les eaux de ruissellement - Le service public administratif de gestion des eaux pluviales urbaines Numéro de notice : A2019-487 Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtSansCL Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=93685 [article]

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