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Using LiDAR to develop high-resolution reference models of forest structure and spatial pattern / Haley L. Wiggins in Forest ecology and management, vol 434 (28 February 2019)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 434 (28 February 2019) . - pp 318 - 330 Titre : Using LiDAR to develop high-resolution reference models of forest structure and spatial pattern Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Haley L. Wiggins, Auteur ; Cara R. Nelson, Auteur ; Andrew J. Larson, Auteur ; Hugh D. Safford, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 318 - 330 Note générale : bibliography Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Lasergrammétrie [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse de groupement [Termes descripteurs IGN] Californie (Etats-Unis) [Termes descripteurs IGN] caractérisation [Termes descripteurs IGN] coupe (sylviculture) [Termes descripteurs IGN] détection d'arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] données lidar [Termes descripteurs IGN] données localisées 3D [Termes descripteurs IGN] hauteur des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] Mexique [Termes descripteurs IGN] parc naturel national [Termes descripteurs IGN] restauration écologique [Termes descripteurs IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] topographie locale Résumé : (auteur) Successful restoration of degraded forest landscapes requires reference models that adequately capture structural heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales and for specific landforms. Despite this need, managers often lack access to reliable reference information, in large part because field-based methods for assessing variation in forest structure are costly and inherently suffer from limited replication and spatial coverage and, therefore, yield limited insights about the ecological structure of reference forests at landscape scales. LiDAR is a cost-effective alternative that can provide high-resolution characterizations of variation in forest structure among landform types. However, managers and researchers have been reluctant to use LiDAR for characterizing structure because of low confidence in its capacity to approximate actual tree distributions. By calculating bias in LiDAR estimates for a range of tree-height cutoffs, we improved LiDAR’s ability to capture structural variability in terms of individual trees. We assessed bias in the processed LiDAR data by comparing datasets of field-measured and LiDAR-detected trees of various height classes in terms of overall number of trees and estimates of structure and spatial pattern in an important contemporary reference forest, the Sierra de San Pedro Martir National Park, Baja California, Mexico. Agreement between LiDAR- and field-based estimates of tree density, as well as estimates of forest structure and spatial pattern, was maximized by removing trees less than 12 m tall. We applied this height cutoff to LiDAR-detected trees of our study landscape, and asked if forest structure and spatial pattern varied across topographic settings. We found that canyons, shallow northerly, and shallow southerly slopes were structurally similar; each had a greater number of all trees, large trees, and large tree clumps than steep southerly slopes and ridges. Steep northerly slopes supported unique structures, with taller trees than ridges and shorter trees than canyons and shallow southerly slopes. Our results show that characterizations of forest structure based on LiDAR-detected trees are reasonably accurate when the focus is narrowed to the overstory. In addition, our finding of strong variation of forest structure and spatial pattern across topographic settings demonstrates the importance of developing reference models at the landscape scale, and highlights the need for replicated sampling among stands and landforms. Methods developed here should be useful to managers interested in using LiDAR to characterize distributions of medium and large overstory trees, particularly for the development of landscape-scale reference models. Numéro de notice : A2019-013 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.12.012 date de publication en ligne : 24/12/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.12.012 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91616 [article]

Forest conversion from Norway spruce to European beech increases species richness and functional structure of aboveground macrofungal communities / Peggy Heine in Forest ecology and management, vol 432 (15 January 2019)  

Public [article]  inForest ecology and management > vol 432 (15 January 2019) . - pp 522 - 533 Titre : Forest conversion from Norway spruce to European beech increases species richness and functional structure of aboveground macrofungal communities Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Peggy Heine, Auteur ; Jonas Hausen, Auteur ; Richard Ottermanns, Auteur ; et al., Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : pp 522 - 533 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] Allemagne [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] conversion forestière [Termes descripteurs IGN] écosystème forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] Fagus sylvatica [Termes descripteurs IGN] feuillu [Termes descripteurs IGN] mycota [Termes descripteurs IGN] parc naturel national [Termes descripteurs IGN] Picea abies [Termes descripteurs IGN] pinophyta [Termes descripteurs IGN] protection de la biodiversité [Termes descripteurs IGN] protection des forêts [Termes descripteurs IGN] richesse floristique [Termes descripteurs IGN] tempête [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie forestière Résumé : (auteur) This study investigated the response patterns of aboveground macrofungal communities to different management stages representing a forest conversion from Norway spruce (Picea abies) to European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in the Eifel National Park, Germany. We used a space-for-time substitution approach with three replicate study sites for each forest conversion stage: (I) even-aged single species Norway spruce, (II) unmanaged Norway spruce windthrow, (III) salvage-logged Norway spruce windthrow, (IV) single Norway spruce tree selection cutting (close-to-nature managed) with European beech underplanting and (V) old-growth, uneven-aged European beech (as reference). We assessed environmental variables and macrofungal sporocarps, while the latter were categorized into functional groups to link taxonomic information to potential ecosystem functions. Overall, we observed 235 macrofungal species. The highest species richness was found in the European beech reference stage, followed by the close-to-nature managed spruce/beech stage, while the Norway spruce stage showed approximately half the species richness, similar to the species level of both windthrow stages. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination separated each forest conversion stage into distinct fungal communities, while both windthrow stages could not be distinguished from each other. Beside tree species composition change and forest management, nutrient availability and microclimate were the main drivers of fungal community changes among the five differently-managed stages. Further, different functional groups responded in different patterns to forest management and to explanatory environmental variables. We reinforced the assumption, that old-growth, uneven-aged European beech forests (>120 years) can act as a refugium for unique forest type specific fungal communities with a higher functional structure, especially contrary to non-native, even-aged Norway spruce forests (∼70 years). Single Norway spruce tree selection cutting with further introduction of European beech trees can be an adequate strategy to allow a spruce forest conversion without necessarily reducing the macrofungal species richness and its functional structure. We displayed that ecological consequences of windthrow events can be a depression of fungal species richness and a collapse for the functional structure of fungi, especially after salvage logging. Our study underlines the need of including fungal conservation in forest conversion plans to optimize forest ecosystem integrity and resilience against biotic and abiotic agents, such as windstorm events. Numéro de notice : A2019-004 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.012 date de publication en ligne : 04/10/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.012 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91597 [article]

Can forest structural diversity be a response to anthropogenic stress? A case study in old-growth fir Abies alba Mill. stands / Rafał Podlaski in Annals of Forest Science [en ligne], vol 75 n° 4 (December 2018)  

Public [article]  inAnnals of Forest Science [en ligne] > vol 75 n° 4 (December 2018) Titre : Can forest structural diversity be a response to anthropogenic stress? A case study in old-growth fir Abies alba Mill. stands Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Rafał Podlaski, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] Abies alba [Termes descripteurs IGN] action anthropique [Termes descripteurs IGN] arbre mort [Termes descripteurs IGN] biodiversité végétale [Termes descripteurs IGN] croissance végétale [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre à hauteur de poitrine [Termes descripteurs IGN] diamètre des arbres [Termes descripteurs IGN] dioxyde de soufre [Termes descripteurs IGN] émission de gaz [Termes descripteurs IGN] gaz à effet de serre [Termes descripteurs IGN] parc naturel national [Termes descripteurs IGN] Pologne [Termes descripteurs IGN] structure d'un peuplement forestier [Termes descripteurs IGN] structure de la végétation [Termes descripteurs IGN] surveillance forestière [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) From 1973 to 1991, Polish SO 2 emissions above 3250 Gg/year resulted in a decline of fir Abies alba Mill. After stresses connected with these emissions, five main diameter at breast height (DBH) structural types were described. This type of heterogeneous forest structure is supposed to increase forest resistance and resilience to abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic disturbances. The analyses of forest structure are important under the current scenario of global change, since heterogeneous structures allow for better responses to disturbances. Forests with more complex structures should present greater vitality. The main hypotheses were as follows: (1) the temporal changes of atmospheric SO2 emissions caused (a) the abrupt changes in the tree DBH radial increment and (b) the death of fir trees; and (2) atmospheric SO2 emissions and related fir decline and recovery processes ultimately result in the development of stands characterised by diverse DBH structures. Radial growth trends of 49 and 215 fir trees in the older and younger generations, respectively, and 85 dead fir trees were evaluated. Using data collected in 32 stands, the DBH structural types were identified, and the shapes of these types were illustrated. The structural diversification of forest patches may influence forest resistance and resilience to disturbances; five main structural types were identified: ML1 and ML2 represent DBH distributions of multi-layered stands, and OS, TS1 and TS2 represent DBH distributions of one- and two-storied stands. Structural diversity of forests was a response to SO2 emissions; fir trees had the ability to increase their radial growth, although there were still high SO2 emissions. Numéro de notice : A2018-548 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s13595-018-0777-8 date de publication en ligne : 20/11/2018 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0777-8 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91591 [article]

Trame noire : un sujet qui « monte » dans les territoires / Romain Sordello in Sciences, eaux & territoires, article hors-série n° 45 (2018)  

Public [article]  inSciences, eaux & territoires > article hors-série n° 45 (2018) . - 8 p. Titre : Trame noire : un sujet qui « monte » dans les territoires Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Romain Sordello, Auteur ; Olivier Jupille, Auteur ; Sébastien Vauclair, Auteur ; Léa Salmon-Legagneur, Auteur ; Eloïse Deutsch, Auteur ; Baptiste Faure, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : 8 p. Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Français (fre) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Ecologie [Termes descripteurs IGN] corridor biologique [Termes descripteurs IGN] habitat (nature) [Termes descripteurs IGN] Lille [Termes descripteurs IGN] métropole [Termes descripteurs IGN] parc naturel national des Pyrénées [Termes descripteurs IGN] pollution lumineuse [Termes descripteurs IGN] protection de l'environnement Résumé : (auteur) La notion de « trame noire » a fait son apparition depuis quelques années, s’ajoutant à celle de « trame verte et bleue » déjà bien connue. L’objectif est de limiter la dégradation et la fragmentation des habitats dues à l’éclairage artificiel par l’intermédiaire d’un réseau écologique formé de réservoirs et de corridors propices à la biodiversité nocturne. Plusieurs démarches de trames noires sont en cours ou même déjà achevées en France. Cet article présente deux projets menés dans des territoires très contrastés, l’un dans le Parc national des Pyrénées et l’autre sur la Métropole européenne de Lille. Numéro de notice : A2018-123 Thématique : BIODIVERSITE Nature : Article En ligne : http://www.set-revue.fr/trame-noire-un-sujet-qui-monte-dans-les-territoires Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89583 [article]

Roads, lines, and boundary objects : a critical cartographic look at the development of the Serengeti highway / Eric J. Lovell in Cartographica, vol 52 n° 4 (Winter 2017)  

Public [article]  inCartographica > vol 52 n° 4 (Winter 2017) . - pp 310 - 321 Titre : Roads, lines, and boundary objects : a critical cartographic look at the development of the Serengeti highway Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Eric J. Lovell, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 310 - 321 Note générale : Bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] autoroute [Termes descripteurs IGN] frontière [Termes descripteurs IGN] frontière naturelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] parc naturel national [Termes descripteurs IGN] Tanzanie [Termes descripteurs IGN] tracé routier [Vedettes matières IGN] Cartologie Résumé : (Auteur) In 2010, the then President of Tanzania, Jakaya Kikwete, announced an economic development plan to build a highway that spanned northern Tanzania. The map of the plan revealed a transportation network that traversed the Greater Serengeti–Mara ecosystem and bisected the iconic Serengeti National Park. Given the importance of the Serengeti–Mara ecosystem to conservation and savannah ecology, not to mention international tourism, the plan immediately came under worldwide scrutiny. The Tanzanian state and the Kikwete administration were lambasted, ultimately fixing the highway project in the form of polylines on maps rather than an infrastructure project on the ground. As such, the mutability of lines on maps give the highway project the flexibility to transcend conversations across institutions that span the conservation–development spectrum with limited interrogation. This article addresses the circulation of maps representing the failed highway project through various epistemic communities. My purpose is neither to advocate the development of the Serengeti Highway nor to criticize it. Rather, I use examples of Serengeti Highway maps to discuss the way cartography travels through these conversations, reflect on the international conversation surrounding the Serengeti Highway project, and explore the question of who can (and cannot) draw lines in the contested spaces of East African rangelands. Numéro de notice : A2017-829 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.3138/cart.52.4.2017-0011 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.3138/cart.52.4.2017-0011 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89363 [article]

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