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Monitoring climate sensitivity shifts in tree-rings of Eastern Boreal North America using model-data comparison : Shifts in tree growth sensivity to climate / Clémentine Ols in Ecosystems, vol 21 n° 5 (August 2018)  

Public [article]  inEcosystems > vol 21 n° 5 (August 2018) . - pp 1042 - 1057 Titre : Monitoring climate sensitivity shifts in tree-rings of Eastern Boreal North America using model-data comparison : Shifts in tree growth sensivity to climate Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Clémentine Ols , Auteur ; Martin P. Girardin, Auteur ; Annika Hofgaard, Auteur ; Yves Bergeron, Auteur ; Igor Drobyshev, Auteur Année de publication : 2018 Article en page(s) : pp 1042 - 1057 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] Amérique du nord [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse de sensibilité [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse diachronique [Termes descripteurs IGN] cerne [Termes descripteurs IGN] changement climatique [Termes descripteurs IGN] dendrochronologie [Termes descripteurs IGN] forêt boréale [Termes descripteurs IGN] modèle de croissance [Termes descripteurs IGN] picea mariana [Vedettes matières IGN] Végétation et changement climatique Résumé : (auteur) The growth of high-latitude temperature-limited boreal forest ecosystems is projected to become more constrained by soil water availability with continued warming. The purpose of this study was to document ongoing shifts in tree growth sensitivity to the evolving local climate in unmanaged black spruce (Picea mariana (Miller) B.S.P.) forests of eastern boreal North America (49°N–52°N, 58°W–82°W) using a comparative study of field and modeled data. We investigated growth relationships to climate (gridded monthly data) from observed (50 site tree-ring width chronologies) and simulated growth data (stand-level forest growth model) over 1908–2013. No clear strengthening of moisture control over tree growth in recent decades was detected. Despite climate warming, photosynthesis (main driver of the forest growth model) and xylem production (main driver of radial growth) have remained temperature-limited. Analyses revealed, however, a weakening of the influence of growing season temperature on growth during the mid- to late twentieth century in the observed data, particularly in high-latitude (> 51.5°N) mountainous sites. This shift was absent from simulated data, which resulted in clear model-data desynchronization. Thorough investigations revealed that desynchronization was mostly linked to the quality of climate data, with precipitation data being of particular concern. The scarce network of weather stations over eastern boreal North America (> 51.5°N) affects the accuracy of estimated local climate variability and critically limits our ability to detect climate change effects on high-latitude ecosystems, especially at high altitudinal sites. Climate estimates from remote sensing could help address some of these issues in the future. Numéro de notice : A2018-665 Thématique : FORET Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1007/s10021-017-0203-3 date de publication en ligne : 27/11/2017 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0203-3 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=94254 [article]

Hydrologically-driven crustal stresses and seismicity in the New Madrid Seismic Zone / Timothy J. Craig in Nature communications, vol 8 (2017)  

Public [article]  inNature communications > vol 8 (2017) . - art 2143 Titre : Hydrologically-driven crustal stresses and seismicity in the New Madrid Seismic Zone Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Timothy J. Craig, Auteur ; Kristel Chanard , Auteur ; Eric Calais, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : art 2143 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Applications de géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Amérique du nord [Termes descripteurs IGN] analyse de spectre singulier [Termes descripteurs IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] données GRACE [Termes descripteurs IGN] eau de surface [Termes descripteurs IGN] faille géologique [Termes descripteurs IGN] levé gravimétrique [Termes descripteurs IGN] séisme [Termes descripteurs IGN] sismicité [Termes descripteurs IGN] tectonique des plaques Résumé : (auteur) The degree to which short-term non-tectonic processes, either natural and anthropogenic, influence the occurrence of earthquakes in active tectonic settings or ‘stable’ plate interiors, remains a subject of debate. Recent work in plate-boundary regions demonstrates the capacity for long-wavelength changes in continental water storage to produce observable surface deformation, induce crustal stresses and modulate seismicity rates. Here we show that a significant variation in the rate of microearthquakes in the intraplate New Madrid Seismic Zone at annual and multi-annual timescales coincides with hydrological loading in the upper Mississippi embayment. We demonstrate that this loading, which results in geodetically observed surface deformation, induces stresses within the lithosphere that, although of small amplitude, modulate the ongoing seismicity of the New Madrid region. Correspondence between surface deformation, hydrological loading and seismicity rates at both annual and multi-annual timescales indicates that seismicity variations are the direct result of elastic stresses induced by the water load. Numéro de notice : A2017-864 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1038/s41467-017-01696-w date de publication en ligne : 15/12/2017 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01696-w Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=89865 [article]

Wireframing for interactive & web-based geographic visualization: designing the NOAA Lake Level Viewer / Robert Emmett Roth in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Vol 44 n° 4 (July 2017)  

Public [article]  inCartography and Geographic Information Science > Vol 44 n° 4 (July 2017) . - pp 338 - 357 Titre : Wireframing for interactive & web-based geographic visualization: designing the NOAA Lake Level Viewer Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Robert Emmett Roth, Auteur ; David Hart, Auteur ; Rashauna Mead, Auteur ; Chloë Quinn, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp 338 - 357 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Termes descripteurs IGN] Amérique du nord [Termes descripteurs IGN] géomatique web [Termes descripteurs IGN] géovisualisation [Termes descripteurs IGN] Grands Lacs [Termes descripteurs IGN] image NOAA [Termes descripteurs IGN] interface web [Termes descripteurs IGN] maquette fonctionnelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] niveau hydrostatique [Vedettes matières IGN] Géovisualisation Résumé : (auteur) In this article, we explore the potential of wireframe design and evaluation for interactive and web-based mapping through a case study on water level visualization. Specifically, our research informed design and development of the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Lake Level Viewer (http://coast.noaa.gov/llv/), an interactive and web-based geovisualization application for the Great Lakes region of North America. As part of our overall user-centered design process, we created two sets of wireframes to evaluate two aspects of the user experience: high-fidelity wireframes to illustrate the proposed representation solution using real data and low-fidelity wireframes to provide a rough sketch of the proposed interaction solution. Eighteen target users completed cognitive walkthroughs of the wireframes, with the sessions audio-recorded for subsequent transcription and qualitative data analysis. The wireframe evaluations led to a series of revisions to the functional scope and visual design of the Lake Level Viewer. The process also generated recommendations for designing water level visualizations supporting adaptive management in response to climate change as well as for leveraging wireframes in support of large-scale mapping and GIS projects. Numéro de notice : A2017-225 Thématique : GEOMATIQUE Nature : Article DOI : 10.1080/15230406.2016.1171166 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2016.1171166 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=85106 [article]

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Evidence for postglacial signatures in gravity gradients: A clue in lower mantle viscosity / Laurent Métivier in Earth and planetary science letters, vol 452 (October 2016)  

Public [article]  inEarth and planetary science letters > vol 452 (October 2016) . - pp 146 - 156 Titre : Evidence for postglacial signatures in gravity gradients: A clue in lower mantle viscosity Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Laurent Métivier , Auteur ; Lambert Caron, Auteur ; Marianne Greff-Lefftz, Auteur ; Gwendoline Pajot-Métivier , Auteur ; Luce Fleitout, Auteur ; Hélène Rouby , Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 146 - 156 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie physique [Termes descripteurs IGN] Amérique du nord [Termes descripteurs IGN] anomalie de pesanteur [Termes descripteurs IGN] déformation de la croute terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] gradient de gravitation [Termes descripteurs IGN] manteau terrestre [Termes descripteurs IGN] paléocontinent [Termes descripteurs IGN] viscosité Résumé : (auteur) The Earth's surface was depressed under the weight of ice during the last glaciations. Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) induces the slow recession of the trough that is left after deglaciation and is responsible for a contemporary uplift rate of more than 1 cm/yr around Hudson Bay. The present-day residual depression, an indicator of still-ongoing GIA, is difficult to identify in the observed topography, which is predominantly sensitive to crustal heterogeneities. According to the most widespread GIA models, which feature a viscosity of 2–3×1021 Pa s2–3×1021 Pa s on top of the lower mantle, the trough is approximately 100 m deep and cannot explain the observed gravity anomalies across North America. These large anomalies are therefore usually attributed to subcontinental density heterogeneities in the tectosphere or to slab downwelling in the deep mantle. Here, we use observed gravity gradients (GG) to show that the uncompensated GIA trough is four times larger than expected and that it is the main source of the North American static gravity signal. We search for the contribution to these GGs from mantle mass anomalies, which are deduced from seismic tomography and are mechanically coupled to the global mantle flow. This contribution is found to be small over Laurentia, and at least 82% of the GGs are caused by GIA. Such a contribution from GIA in these GG observations implies a viscosity that is greater than 1022 Pa s1022 Pa s in the lower mantle. Our conclusions are a plea for GIA models with a highly viscous lower mantle, which confirm inferences from mantle dynamic models. Any change in GIA modelling has important paleoclimatological and environmental implications, encouraging scientists to re-evaluate the past ice history at a global scale. These implications, in turn, affect the contribution of bedrock uplift to the contemporaneous mass balance over Antarctica and Greenland and thus the present-day ice-melting rate as deduced from the GRACE space mission. Additionally, studies of the thermo-chemical structure of the lithosphere/crust under North America that exploit gravity or geodetic data should be corrected for a GIA model, which is not the case today. Numéro de notice : A2016-906 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.034 date de publication en ligne : 16/08/2016 En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.034 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=83034 [article]

MIDAS robust trend estimator for accurate GPS station velocities without step detection / Geoffrey Blewitt in Journal of geophysical research : Solid Earth, vol 121 n° 3 (March 2016)    

Public [article]  inJournal of geophysical research : Solid Earth > vol 121 n° 3 (March 2016) . - pp 2054 - 2068 Titre : MIDAS robust trend estimator for accurate GPS station velocities without step detection Type de document : Article/Communication Auteurs : Geoffrey Blewitt, Auteur ; Corné Kremer, Auteur ; William C. Hammond, Auteur ; Julien Gazeaux , Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : pp 2054 - 2068 Note générale : bibliographie Langues : Anglais (eng) Descripteur : [Vedettes matières IGN] Géodésie spatiale [Termes descripteurs IGN] Amérique du nord [Termes descripteurs IGN] coordonnées GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] estimateur [Termes descripteurs IGN] méthode robuste [Termes descripteurs IGN] série temporelle [Termes descripteurs IGN] station GPS [Termes descripteurs IGN] valeur aberrante [Termes descripteurs IGN] vitesse Résumé : (auteur) Automatic estimation of velocities from GPS coordinate time series is becoming required to cope with the exponentially increasing flood of available data, but problems detectable to the human eye are often overlooked. This motivates us to find an automatic and accurate estimator of trend that is resistant to common problems such as step discontinuities, outliers, seasonality, skewness, and heteroscedasticity. Developed here, Median Interannual Difference Adjusted for Skewness (MIDAS) is a variant of the Theil‐Sen median trend estimator, for which the ordinary version is the median of slopes vij = (xj–xi)/(tj–ti) computed between all data pairs i > j. For normally distributed data, Theil‐Sen and least squares trend estimates are statistically identical, but unlike least squares, Theil‐Sen is resistant to undetected data problems. To mitigate both seasonality and step discontinuities, MIDAS selects data pairs separated by 1 year. This condition is relaxed for time series with gaps so that all data are used. Slopes from data pairs spanning a step function produce one‐sided outliers that can bias the median. To reduce bias, MIDAS removes outliers and recomputes the median. MIDAS also computes a robust and realistic estimate of trend uncertainty. Statistical tests using GPS data in the rigid North American plate interior show ±0.23 mm/yr root‐mean‐square (RMS) accuracy in horizontal velocity. In blind tests using synthetic data, MIDAS velocities have an RMS accuracy of ±0.33 mm/yr horizontal, ±1.1 mm/yr up, with a 5th percentile range smaller than all 20 automatic estimators tested. Considering its general nature, MIDAS has the potential for broader application in the geosciences. Numéro de notice : A2016--176 Thématique : POSITIONNEMENT Nature : Article nature-HAL : ArtAvecCL-RevueIntern DOI : 10.1002/2015JB012552 date de publication en ligne : 12/02/2016 En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012552 Format de la ressource électronique : URL article Permalink : https://documentation.ensg.eu/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=91799 [article]

Documents numériques

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Marine terraces and rates of vertical tectonic motion: The importance of glacio-isostatic adjustment along the Pacific coast of central North America / Alexander R. Simms in GSA bulletin, vol 128 n° 1-2 ([01/01/2016])  

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Quality evaluation of the weekly vertical loading effects induced from continental water storage models / Z. Li (2016)  

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Development of a vector-based method for coastal bluffline mapping using LiDAR data and a comparison study in the area of lake Erie / Yunjae Choung in Marine geodesy, vol 36 n° 3 (September - November 2013)  

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L'Amérique du Nord, ressources cartographiques à la BNF / Guillaume Lebailly in Carto, le monde en cartes, n° 16 (mars - avril 2013)

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Applying six classifiers to airborne hyperspectral imagery for detecting giant reed / C. Yang in Geocarto international, vol 27 n° 5 (August 2012)  

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Estimating geoid height change in North America: past, present and future / T. Jacob in Journal of geodesy, vol 86 n° 5 (May 2012)  

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Properties of boundary-line release criteria in North American tree species / Bryan A. Black ; Marc D. Abrams ; James S. Rentch ; Peter J. Gould in Annals of Forest Science, Vol 66 n° 2 (march 2009)

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Grading North America / International forest industries in International forest industries, n° 6 (october 2008)  

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Spatially and temporally continuous LAI data sets based on an integrated filtering method: examples from North America / H. Fang in Remote sensing of environment, vol 112 n° 1 (15/01/2008)

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Réponse des essences ligneuses au changement climatique / Xavier Morin ; Isabelle Chuine in Rendez-vous techniques, Hors-série n° 3 (décembre 2007)

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